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五节芒表型性状和SSR标记遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究利用25个表型性状和33对SSR标记,对53份五节芒种质资源的遗传多样性进行了评价。表型性状分析结果表明,25个表型性状在不同五节芒种质间表现出较大差异,变异系数的变化范围为6.53%～69.82%,其中整株干重、三级花序数、二级花序数等性状变异较大,是造成表型差异的主要因素。表型聚类将53份供试材料划分为3个类群,大部分材料聚在第Ⅲ类群内,但仍有部分材料独立成群。SSR标记分析结果表明, 26对SSR引物在53份五节芒中表现出多态性,这些多态性引物共产生81条DNA带,其中多态性条带为74条,占91.36%。多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.086～0.374,平均为0.245。53份五节芒遗传相似性系数在0.693 2～0.965 9,平均遗传多样性指数(H)为0.258 7,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.400 4。基于SSR分子标记的聚类分析表明,种质资源与其地理分布并不存在明显的相关性。表型性状和SSR分子标记结果均表明五节芒种质具有丰富的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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利用ISSR标记技术对14份香蕉种质的遗传多态性进行了分析。从15个ISSR引物中筛选出12个多态性引物,共扩增出126条DNA条带,其中多态性条带有101条,占80.2%。鉴定出4条特异出现DNA片段和7条特异缺失DNA片段。依据相似系数0.88的水平,将14份香蕉种质划分为4大类,与传统形态学分类结果相同。香牙蕉的遗传多样性较低,新选育的抗病突变型与母本之间不具有紧密的亲缘关系,不同香蕉种质对枯萎病的抗性强弱与其遗传相似性之间没有明确的相关性。本研究为香蕉品种的鉴定分类及亲缘关系的建立提供理论基础。 相似文献
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遗传多样性的量化与分类是收集和利用种质资源的重要前提。运用SSR和ISSR技术分析扁蓿豆种质资源的遗传多样性。从供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的SSR引物18对,ISSR引物18条。SSR引物共扩增到109条清晰的多态性条带,多态性比率为80.09%,相似系数变化范围为0.669～0.885。ISSR引物共扩增到125条清晰的多态性条带,多态性比率为87.08%,相似系数变化范围为0.448～0.811。对2种标记结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明,扁蓿豆材料部分聚为1类,黄花扁蓿豆材料大部分聚为1类。Mantel检测显示,2种标记的遗传相似性呈显著相关(r=0.019 6,t=0.121 2),扁蓿豆比黄花扁蓿豆的遗传多样性水平稍高,细叶扁蓿豆之间的遗传差异较大。 相似文献
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以南方地区的蓝莓品种为主要对象,利用SSR标记分析现有品种种质的遗传多样性。设计合成了56对蓝莓SSR分子标记引物,进行扩增和多态性引物筛选,将多态性好的引物用于66份蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,56对引物均能扩增出预期大小条带,其中条带清晰多态性较好的引物为25对,占比引物数的44.64%,多数引物扩增的位点数在5~7个之间。25对引物在66份蓝莓供试种质中检测多态性,共检测到165个等位变异,平均每个位点有6.6个等位变异,PIC值变幅为0.656~0.947,平均值为0.777。多态性最好的引物Vc26可以检测到15个等位基因数目。北方高丛、南方高丛和兔眼类型66份蓝莓种质的遗传相似系数位于0.60~0.96之间,品种间遗传差异较丰富。利用UPGMA聚类将3种类型种质进行分析,发现除了兔眼类型品种‘红粉佳人’外,其余明显分为3个类群,且同一类型的种质基本聚在一起。结合不同类型种质的系谱分析,发现分类与品种种质的遗传成分相似有一定的相关。研究利用SSR分子标记揭示了蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性,对今后杂交育种亲本选择利用有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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利用SSR分子标记对72份猕猴桃种质进行聚类分析并构建其指纹图谱,以期为猕猴桃分子标记育种奠定理论基础。研究结果表明,从60条引物中筛选出的6对引物可以完全区分供试材料,均为多态性条带;共检测出70个等位基因,每对引物可检测到等位基因数9-17个,平均每个SSR条带能检测到11.7个等位位点,多态性信息含量（PIC）变化范围在0.792-0.904之间,平均为0.828;遗传多样性结果表明,供试材料的遗传距离的范围为0.029-0.329,平均遗传距离为0.176;聚类分析结果表明,供试材料在相似系数0.087的水平上可分为六大类,其结果与传统的形态学分类大体一致。 相似文献
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以1份美国进口马蹄金(Dichondra repens)品种为对照,用RAPD和SRAP两种分子标记方法研究20份野生马蹄金种质资源的遗传多样性。结果发现,20条RAPD引物扩增出多态性条带130条,多态性比率为68.78％;22对SRAP引物扩增出175条多态性条带,多态性比率为72.31％,表明20份野生马蹄金之间具有较丰富的遗传多样性。聚类结果表明,RAPD标记将供试材料聚为两大类群,SRAP标记也将材料划分为两大类。两种标记下,供试材料呈现出较好的地域性分布规律,地理来源相近的材料能大致聚为一类,部分同聚为一类的材料在形态上也具有相似性。两种标记方法相关系数r0.01=0.910,二者存在极显著正相关,表明应用这两种技术对马蹄金遗传多样性与亲缘关系的分析具有较高的一致性和可信度。 相似文献
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苏丹草是一种高产优质的禾本科牧草,优质分子标记的缺乏成为苏丹草育种工作顺利开展的限制性因素。本研究基于高通量测序结果开发苏丹草EST-SSR标记,并对34份苏丹草和2份高丹草种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析,验证所开发的EST-SSR引物的可应用性。从苏丹草转录组的80686条序列中鉴定出17548个SSR位点分布在13574条序列中,分布频率为16.82%。一、二和三核苷酸重复分别占38.59%、19.18%和39.09%,SSR重复基元的重复次数分布在5~23次;开发的300对引物扩增成功率达73.67%,其中54对多态性引物在36份供试材料中共扩增出275条带,其中多态性条带有205条,多态位点百分率(PPB)为73.05%,多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.41,遗传距离的变化范围为0.3922~0.9020;聚类分析结果将36份供试材料分为3大类群,相同品种的材料大致聚为一类,材料间的聚类与地理来源呈一定的相关性。以上结果证明了利用苏丹草转录组数据开发SSR标记的可行性并揭示了供试材料间具有丰富的遗传多样性,为苏丹草及近源物种种质资源的多样性水平和变异分析以及分子标记辅助育种等研究提供依据。 相似文献
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基于23个形态性状和SSR分子标记,对在川西北推广应用的老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)3个国审品种(‘川草2号’、‘阿坝’和‘康巴’)及1个新品系(‘雅江’)进行了鉴定研究。各品种表型性状与遗传背景差异较明显。新品系‘雅江’表现出优良的农艺性状,株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗等形态性状均值显著优于3个对照品种(P0.05)。13对多态性好、特异性强、条带清晰的SSR引物在4个品种(系)中共扩增出90条条带,其中具有多态性的条带共68条,引物多态性条带比例(PPB)、多态性信息含量(PIC)及Shannon多样性指数(H)的平均值分别为76.32%、0.309及0.451,在供试品种(系)中均表现出较高的多态性。基于形态数据的欧氏距离和基于SSR数据的遗传距离矩阵之间具有较强的相关性(r=0.696,P=0.08),表明联合形态学标记和遗传标记能很好地用于品种鉴定,并且基于形态数据以及SSR分子标记的UPGMA聚类结果基本一致。筛选出4对引物可用于供试品种鉴定,并绘制了DNA指纹图谱。新品系‘雅江’具有明显区别于其它3个主推品种的形态特征和遗传背景,这为川西北高原老芒麦主要品种的遗传关系分析及品种的知识产权保护提供了数据支撑。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献