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1.
为了探明不同水分、镰刀菌对苜蓿品种保护酶活性的影响,本研究选择紫花苜蓿品种‘阿尔冈金’、‘丰宝’与‘苜蓿王’在不同水分条件下接种半裸镰孢和腐皮镰孢后,对其幼苗分别进行PPO,POD,SOD及PAL的活性的测定,评价接种真菌对保护酶活性的影响及菌种、水分、品种三者之间对其保护酶活性的相互关系。结果表明:接菌显著抑制了苜蓿品种PPO的活性(P<0.05),而且菌种和品种、菌种和水分之间有显著的互作(P<0.05)。同一水分条件下,无论是30%,50%还是70%的水分处理,均以‘丰宝’的酶活最低,‘苜蓿王’的酶活最高。在接菌条件下,‘阿尔冈金’、‘丰宝’均提高了其PAL活性但差异不显著。菌种和水分均显著影响各苜蓿品种的POD,SOD,PAL活性(P<0.05),且多因素之间存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。 相似文献
2.
《中国草地学报》2019,(4)
在黑龙江省大庆市采集具有典型苜蓿根腐病症状的发病植株进行病原分离、纯化,根据形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析进行鉴定,确定分离获得的苜蓿根腐病病原菌为层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)。对来自国内外具有较强抗寒性的16个紫花苜蓿品种芽期接种病原菌菌株,于接种后第14d测定紫花苜蓿幼芽的相对根长、相对苗长和病情指数,利用隶属函数值对不同品种苜蓿进行抗病性综合评价。结果表明,层出镰刀菌接种后,各紫花苜蓿品种幼芽的相对根长、相对苗长及病情指数差异显著(P0.05);根据隶属函数值评价结果,品种WL168HQ、TG4、斯贝德和肇东的综合抗病性表现较强,DS310FY、北极星、皇后、WL319HQ和巨能-CR的综合抗病性较弱。 相似文献
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4.
【目的】明确黑龙江省哈尔滨市苜蓿根腐病病原菌种类。【方法】采集 38 株黑龙江省哈尔滨市农业科学院示范区的苜蓿根腐病病株，经组织分离法分离致病菌，通过科赫氏法则验证其致病性并结合形态学和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析鉴定病原菌。【结果】从患有苜蓿根腐病的病根分离并选取具有代表性的 5 株真菌 KY1、J1、S1、SA1、C1，分别被鉴定为腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)、尖镰孢(F. oxyspo- rum)、水稻恶苗病菌(F. fujikuroi)、三线镰孢(F. tricinctum)和层出镰孢(Fusariumproliferatum)。致病性测定表明 5 株真菌均为苜蓿根腐病致病菌。【结论】腐皮镰孢不仅分离率最高，为 57. 45%，且致病性也较强，病情指数为 61. 00，是优势病原菌。 相似文献
5.
不同紫花苜蓿品种根部入侵真菌研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种不同季节常见根部入侵真菌及其表现规律,并为苜蓿品种选择及其病害防治提供科学依据,以30个紫花苜蓿品种为材料,分别于2006年的春、夏、秋季取样,分离和鉴定根部入侵真菌.结果表明:不同生长季节苜蓿根部入侵真菌区系中优势菌种类明显不同,春、夏、秋3季均有的建群种为细交链孢(Alternaria alternata)和腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani),其中春、夏季还有半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)和尖孢镰孢(F. oxysporum),秋季有锐顶镰孢(F. acuminatum)和柱孢(Cylindrocarpon destructuns);不同苜蓿品种在3个季节的入侵真菌种类和其分离率均有显著差异(P<0.05),且根部带菌率与生长季节苜蓿品种密切相关,春季以赛特(Sitel)的带菌率最高,夏、秋季以农宝(Farmers)和佛纳尔(Vernel)为最高,平均带菌率较高的5个苜蓿品种依次是:赛特、农宝、皇冠(Phabulous)、航海4号(Flight No.4)和猎人河(Hunfer river),平均带菌率较低的5个苜蓿品种依次是:苜蓿王(Alfaking)、爱菲尼特(Affinity)、WL-525HQ、顶点(Apex)和丰叶 721(Amerileaf 721). 相似文献
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7.
为研究不同品种黑麦草对灰梨孢灰斑病菌(P yricularia grisea)的抵抗能力,用涂抹法将该病菌接种于四川主要栽培的10个黑麦草品种,依据病情指数评价抗病性.结果 表明:一年生黑麦草(Lo-lium multi florum)(6个品种)的发病率、平均严重度均显著高于多年生黑麦草(Lolium multi florum)(4个品种).10个黑麦草品种中,绅士、首相、纽怡、维多利亚4个多年生黑麦草品种均表现为高抗(HR),4个品种间无显著差异(P＜0.05);一年生黑麦草品种均不同程度的表现为感病(HS,MS),其中川农1号、安格斯1号、安第斯、普通4个品种表现为高感(HS),杰威表现为中感(MS),长江2号表现为中抗(MR). 相似文献
8.
为了探明立枯丝核菌对苜蓿种苗的致病性,本研究采用菌饼上放置种子的方法,将分离自3个地点6个苜蓿品种上的6个菌株接种于14个紫花苜蓿品种的种子上,14 d测定相对发芽率、根长、苗长和病情指数。结果表明,参试菌株的菌降低了种子的发芽,从金皇后分离到的菌株对苗长的抑制作用最强;致病性差异显著(P<0.05),其中从金皇后分离出菌株的致病性最强,从丰宝中分离出菌株的致病性最弱;从金皇后、8920MF和爱菲尼特中分离出的立枯丝核菌对苜蓿种子与幼苗的致病力较强;参试的苜蓿品种对同一菌株的抗病性不同,佛拿尔、阿尔冈金和苜蓿王的抗病力最强,丰宝、丰叶721抵抗力最弱。 相似文献
9.
《中国草地学报》2016,(1)
采用土壤接菌法测定了发病率、病情指数、株高、地上生物量和地下生物量等指标,并对60份紫花苜蓿种质材料进行了苗期抗根腐病评价。结果表明,各品种(系)之间抗病性差异显著,其中牧歌401+2、爱开夏、478572、宝鸡苜蓿等12份苜蓿材料对尖孢镰刀菌表现为耐病,病情指数范围为25.92~29.63,占鉴定材料总数的20.0%;同心、榆次和GT49R等34份苜蓿材料表现为感病,病情指数范围为40.34~57.85,占鉴定材料总数的56.67%;新疆大叶、兴平和普罗旺斯等14份苜蓿材料表现为高感,病情指数范围为60.22~82.78,占鉴定材料总数的23.33%;无表现免疫和抗病的材料。接种尖孢镰刀菌后苜蓿的株高、地上生物量和地下生物量均显著下降(P0.05),感病材料株高、地上生物量和地下生物量的下降幅度明显大于耐病材料。 相似文献
10.
利用从甘肃省3个不同地区紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）根腐病植株分离纯化的尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）菌株,研究了不同菌株对苜蓿幼苗生长的影响。通过不同菌株米粒接种体接种土壤后移栽苜蓿幼苗,28 d后对植株的根部病害进行分级,对株高、根长、地上生物量和地下生物量进行测定。结果表明,不同菌株对苜蓿幼苗根部病害的严重程度和生长有显著影响（P<0.05）,致病力强弱存在差异。接种不同菌株后,幼苗根病情指数为46%~69%;根长和株高分别降低9%~28%和20%~52%;地上生物量和地下生物量分别降低17%~48%和15%~60%。其中,菌株QY3致病力最强,其次为QY2,菌株LZ3致病力最弱;菌株QY2导致根长和地上生物量的降低幅度最大;菌株LT2导致株高和地下生物量的降低幅度最大。研究结果为苜蓿根腐病的防治提供了初步的理论指导。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
16.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
17.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
18.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
20.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献