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1.
皂甙QuilA及其单体成分的免疫佐剂作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
皂甙 Quil A及其单体成分是南美奎拉雅属皂树皮提取物。研究发现其能够与细胞膜上的胆固醇形成复合物 ,是抗原强有力的佐剂。机理包括 :诱导产生特异性 MHCI抗原限制性CTL ;诱导产生多种细胞因子 ,如 IL -1 0、IL -4、γ-IFN、IL -2、IL -8;提高动物机体对抗原的特异性抗体的水平 ,刺激产生 Ig G1、Ig G2 b和 Ig G2 a抗体亚类。皂甙发挥佐剂活性的特点是诱导一个平衡的 Th1 / Th2反应 ,T细胞依赖性和缺乏全身性作用。目前已在实验室应用于多种疫苗的研究 ,具有广阔的前景  相似文献   

2.
细胞因子IFN-γ主要由活化的Thl细胞和NK细胞产生,它能促进巨噬细胞、B细胞等MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达上调,有利于机体T细胞识别抗原肽,提高机体对抗原的免疫应答效应,属于增强细胞免疫反应的细胞因子.  相似文献   

3.
本实验以猪带绦虫 TS11抗原基因的真核表达型质粒 VTS11肌肉免疫注射 BAL B/ c小鼠 ,四甲基偶氮唑蓝 (MTT)比色法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞刀豆蛋白 A(Con A)刺激的增殖反应及 IL- 2的诱生活性 ;用 EL ISA方法检测免疫小鼠 Ig G总量和特异性抗体水平 ,常规法检测外周血免疫细胞数量的动态变化。结果显示 VTS11免疫小鼠血清的特异性抗体滴度和 Ig G含量显著高于空白对照组小鼠 ;免疫小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞 Con A刺激增殖反应和 IL - 2诱生活性均比对照组小鼠显著增强 ;VTS11免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞等免疫细胞的数量也显著超过对照组。这表明 VTS11免疫小鼠 ,可诱导其产生特异性的细胞和体液免疫反应 ,VTS11具有很强的免疫激活作用 ,可望成为预防猪囊虫病的一种新型疫苗。  相似文献   

4.
为评价羊口疮病毒(OrfV)B2L、F1L基因融合真核表达质粒pVAX1-B2L-F1L免疫小鼠诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答及IL-2对其免疫作用的影响。本研究将构建的pVAX1-B2L-F1L真核质粒转染MDBK细胞后,采用RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)检测B2L-F1L融合基因在MDBK细胞中的表达;将pVAX1-B2L-F1L、pVAX1-B2L-F1L+pVAX1-IL-2、pVAX1空载体、生理盐水对照组KM系小鼠通过后腿肌肉注射的方式免疫,采用ELISA方法检测免疫小鼠血清中OrfV特异性抗体以及Th1型(IL-2、IFN-γ)、Th2型(IL-4、IL-6)细胞因子;MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,pVAX1-B2L-F1L重组质粒能够在MDBK细胞中表达;pVAX1-B2L-F1L+pVAX1-IL-2联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体及IL-2和IFN-γ水平均显著高于pVAX1-B2L-F1L组;该联合免疫组小鼠血清IL-4、IL-6细胞因子水平与pVAX1-B2L-F1L组相比差异不显著(p>0.05);该联合免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖水平高于pVAX1-B2L-F1L组(p<0.05)。由此表明,pVAX1-B2L-F1L能够诱导小鼠产生OrfV特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,联合pVAX1-IL-2诱导的免疫反应以细胞免疫应答为主,且能够促进Th1型细胞因子的分泌。本研究为OrfV基因工程疫苗的研制提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
为评价犬恶丝虫硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶(TPx)真核表达质粒的免疫原性,本实验利用RT-PCR方法扩增TPx基因,将其克隆于真核表达载体pVAX1中构建重组质粒pVAX1-TPx,并对其进行体外表达鉴定及通过特异性抗体水平及相关的免疫因子的检测,评价其在体内诱导的免疫反应.实验结果表明,将pVAX1-TPx转染于Cos7细胞中能够正确表达TPx,其分子量约为28 ku,并被阳性血清所识别.将pVAX1-TPx免疫BALB/c小鼠并采用ELISA检测结果显示,重组质粒免疫组的外周血中抗体、Th2细胞分泌的IL4及IL13细胞因子水平均显著高于空质粒及空白对照组(p＜0.05);但Th1分泌的IFN-γ及IL2水平差异不显著.此外,淋巴细胞增殖试验结果也表明,pVAX1-TPx免疫组显著高于其他两个对照组(p＜0.05).实验数据表明pVAX1-TPx免疫可以有效诱导特异性的体液和细胞免疫.  相似文献   

6.
为研究细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴(Eg)重组蛋白14-3-3(r Eg14-3-3)诱导小鼠的免疫反应以及其对小鼠的免疫保护力,本研究将r Eg14-3-3免疫ICR小鼠,在三免后4周,采用原头蚴攻击感染,并采用ELISA法对小鼠血清中Ig G及其亚型、Ig E抗体水平和IL-21细胞因子水平进行检测。结果表明:免疫组小鼠血清Ig G、Ig G1、Ig G2a水平显著高于对照组(p0.05),Ig E水平则无显著性差异。免疫组小鼠和对照组小鼠在免疫后和攻击感染后IL-21水平迅速升高并在较长时间内维持相对较高水平;而且免疫组保护效率为84.47%。本研究表明r Eg14-3-3能够诱导小鼠产生高水平的特异性体液免疫反应,并且Tfh细胞也参与体液免疫应答,表明该重组蛋白可以作为预防Eg的候选亚单位疫苗或重组疫苗的有效免疫抗原。  相似文献   

7.
《中国兽医学报》2016,(5):795-800
研究了猴头菇多糖协同ConA对小鼠体外脾淋巴细胞分泌Th1、Th2细胞因子的量及mRNA表达量的影响,旨在探讨其协同免疫调节机制。用ELISA法检测HEP协同ConA刺激脾淋巴细胞细胞上清液中Th1、Th2细胞因子的量;RT-PCR法检测Th1、Th2细胞因子和转录因子mRNA的表达。结果显示,HEP在25~400mg/L质量浓度范围内能显著协同ConA刺激T细胞亚群Th1细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α)和Th2细胞因子(IL-4、IL-6)的分泌及mRNA的表达(P0.05),并显著促进转录因子(T-bet、Gata-3)mRNA的表达(P0.05)。结果表明,HEP能协同ConA促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞Th1、Th2细胞因子的分泌及基因的表达,通过调节Th1/Th2平衡,发挥双重免疫调节作用。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究抗菌肽Sublancin灌胃对卵清白蛋白(OVA)免疫小鼠获得性免疫反应的影响。试验选用6周龄雌性BALA/c小鼠60只,随机分为5个组,每组12只小鼠。空白对照组小鼠灌胃生理盐水,阳性对照组小鼠灌胃2.5 mg/kg体重的左旋咪唑溶液,抗菌肽Sublancin组小鼠灌胃0.5、1.0和2.0 mg/kg体重的抗菌肽Sublancin溶液。各组小鼠连续灌胃14 d。在灌胃结束24 h后用模式抗原OVA皮下注射对各组小鼠进行免疫,14 d后加强免疫1次,二次免疫7 d后采血和取脾脏,用间接酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法对血清OVA特异性免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)及其亚类Ig G1、Ig G2a和细胞因子含量进行检测。结果表明:1)与空白对照组相比,0.5、1.0和2.0 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin组和阳性对照组小鼠血清OVA特异性Ig G含量均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01)。2)与空白对照组相比,1.0和2.0 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin组和阳性对照组小鼠血清OVA特异性Ig G1含量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),1.0 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin和阳性对照组小鼠血清OVA特异性Ig G2a含量显著提高(P0.05),1.0 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin组和阳性对照组的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的刺激指数显著提高(P0.05)。3)与空白对照组相比,1.0 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin组和阳性对照组的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞上清液中1型辅助性T细胞(Th1)细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的含量均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01)。4)与空白对照组相比,0.5和1.0 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin组和阳性对照组的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞上清液中2型辅助性T细胞(Th2)细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量均显著或极显提高(P0.05或P0.01)。5)0.5、1.0和2.0 mg/kg抗菌肽Sublancin组与阳性对照组之间的以上检测指标均没有显著差异(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,抗菌肽Sublancin可以诱导OVA免疫小鼠产生Th1和Th2混合型免疫反应,增强其体液免疫和细胞免疫功能。  相似文献   

9.
金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B(staphylococcal enterotoxins B,SEB)作为一种超抗原,一方面通过激活细胞内蛋白激酶C和髓样分化因子88活化核因子-κB,分泌炎性细胞因子,诱导机体炎症,另一方面活化丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen activated protein kinases,MAPKs）,由p38 MAPK、c-Jun氨基末端激酶和细胞外信号调节激酶途径诱导活化T细胞核因子和活化蛋白-1的表达,调控细胞的增殖、分化以及凋亡等免疫反应。因此,本文就SEB对动物免疫的影响及其作用机制进行综述。  相似文献   

10.
小鼠对猪囊虫抗原基因TS76的免疫应答   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
将猪囊虫抗原基因 TS76的真核表达型质粒 VTS76单独或与 p UC18联合肌肉免疫注射于 BAL B/ c小鼠 ,以MTT比色法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞 Con A刺激的增殖反应及 IL - 2的诱生活性 ,EL ISA方法检测免疫小鼠 Ig G总量和特异性抗体水平 ,常规法检测外周血免疫细胞数量的动态变化。结果发现 ,VTS76免疫小鼠各项细胞和体液免疫应答反应指数均比空白对照组小鼠显著提高 ;联合免疫组小鼠的细胞免疫应答和体液免疫应答反应指数均比 VTS76小鼠提高。由此可见 ,以 VTS76免疫小鼠可诱导其特异性细胞和体液免疫反应 ,而 p UC18又明显提高了 VTS76免疫小鼠的免疫应答水平 ,具有显著的免疫增强作用  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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