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质粒载体自被发现在活体组织中可以表达以来,DNA疫苗以其优于常规疫苗的特点而被人们所认识和接受,并进行了大量的试验研究,现已成为疫苗领域中的一种新的元素.本文对DNA疫苗的优缺点、免疫机制以及影响其免疫效果的各因素进行了分析,并简单介绍了DNA疫苗在动物医学中的应用. 相似文献
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鹅源新城疫病毒HN基因“自杀性”DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨鹅源新城疫病毒"自杀性"DNA疫苗的免疫效果,将鹅源新城疫病毒HN基因片段克隆到自杀性DNA疫苗载体pSCA1中,构建了表达HN基因的自杀性DNA疫苗质粒pS-HN。间接免疫荧光试验结果证实,该质粒转染BHK-21细胞后实现了HN基因在该细胞中的表达。将该疫苗和常规DNA疫苗(pc-HN)分别免疫鹅,结果表明,在诱导体液、细胞免疫和攻毒保护方面,pS-HN均优于pc-HN,这为进一步评价该疫苗的免疫保护效果奠定了基础。 相似文献
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核酸疫苗是一种将某种保护性抗原的编码基因克隆到真核细胞表达调控序列的质粒中 ,制成 DNA的重组质粒 ,直接给动物注射后质粒 DNA在组织内扩散 ,被宿主细胞摄取 ,随后通过宿主细胞的转录翻译系统 ,表达保护性抗原蛋白 ,在抗原蛋白释放分泌的同时 ,诱导机体发生免疫应答 ,产生对该抗原的保护性免疫 ,以达到治疗和预防疾病的目的。因此核酸疫苗又称基因疫苗 [1]。其包括 DNA疫苗和 RNA疫苗 ,目前研究最多的是 DNA疫苗 ,由于其不需要任何化学载体 ,又称 DNA疫苗。本文就寄生虫核酸疫苗的研究作一综述。1 核酸疫苗的研究概况1 994年 5… 相似文献
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为研究所构建羊口疮病毒(OrfV)B2L基因DNA疫苗诱导小鼠的免疫应答效果,本研究对pMD18T-B2L质粒进行PCR扩增,克隆B2L片段至pVAX1载体中构建pVAX1-B2L重组质粒,进行酶切和测序鉴定;采用脂质体法将pVAX1-B2L真核表达质粒转染MDBK细胞,RT-PCR和IFA法检测B2L基因在MDBK细胞中的转录和表达;将构建的DNA疫苗免疫KM系小鼠,采用间接ELISA、MTT和FACS法对其诱导的免疫应答进行研究。结果显示,成功构建pVAX1-B2L真核表达质粒,并在MDBK细胞中表达;免疫小鼠后,DNA疫苗能诱导小鼠产生OrfV特异性抗体;脾淋巴细胞增殖、CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群百分比和IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4细胞因子均高于pVAX1组和PBS组。结果表明,本研究制备的DNA疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生较高水平的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。 相似文献
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细菌活载体疫苗的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着重组DNA技术的发展和应用，基因工程疫苗的研究取得了快速的进展。其中，最有发展前景的研究领域之一，是以细菌为活载体的疫苗。细菌活载体疫苗的优点．可将保护性抗原在细菌的质粒、基因组的某些部位或细菌表面表达。 相似文献
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本研究采用Lipofectamine^TM2000将真核重组表达质粒pVAXI-Vp4染至MA-104细胞中，得到了表达。以荧光抗体检测法和RT-PcR法双重检测了真核重组表达质粒pVAXI-Vp4在MA-104细胞中的表达情况。并将pVAXI-Vp4免疫BALB／c鼠，检测其血清抗体和脾脏中的淋巴细胞增殖情况及CD4^＋，CD8^＋T细胞的数量变化情况。结果表明，猪A组轮状病毒Vp4全基因不但在哺乳动物细胞中获得了表达，而且将真核重组表达质粒pVAXI-Vp4给动物免疫后，获得了免疫效果。这为pVAXI-Vp4 DNA核酸疫苗的进一步推广应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2016,(4)
动物流感DNA疫苗是非常有应用前景的新型疫苗之一,本研究构建了能同时表达禽流感病毒2种血凝素H5HA和H9HA以及1种神经氨酸酶N1NA的真核表达质粒。间接免疫荧光结果表明,构建的真核表达质粒转染MDCK细胞后,同时表达出H5HA、H9HA和N1NA蛋白;转染293T细胞上清通过血凝试验可检测到2~4血凝价;通过透射电镜观察到了病毒样颗粒。本研究用一种质粒同时表达不同亚型流感病毒蛋白并且形成了病毒样颗粒,为流感病毒多价DNA疫苗研究提供了坚实基础。 相似文献
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低分子质量蛋白抗原Mtb8.4是一种非常重要的结核分支杆菌抗原,为了研制结核病核酸疫苗和进行结核病的诊断,分别将其构建到原核和真核载体中进行表达。以结核分支杆菌标准菌株H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增目的基因Mtb8.4,扩增产物酶切后分别克隆到真核表达载体pJW4303和原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构成重组真核表达载体pJW-Mtb8.4和重组原核表达载体pGEX-Mtb8.4,用限制性内切酶消化,PCR扩增及DNA序列分析等多种方法鉴定;并将正确构建的原核表达载体转入E.coliBL21(DE3)plysS中,IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,重组真核表达载体pJW-Mtb8.4和重组原核表达载体pGEX-Mtb8.4构建成功。构建的真核重组质粒pJW-Mtb8.4即可作为结核病DNA疫苗。原核表达载体pGEX-Mtb8.4在BL21(DE3)plysS中成功表达,将表达蛋白进行纯化,作为保护性结核分支杆菌抗原以便检测DNA疫苗的免疫效果。 相似文献
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DNA疫苗的免疫效果与抗原基因的表达量及表达抗原的免疫原性有直接关系。为了提高猪流感病毒（Swine influenza virus,SIV）HA基因DNA疫苗的表达量,增强其免疫效果,本研究通过人工合成的方法将H1亚型猪流感病毒A／Swine／Guangdong／1／01（H1N1）的HA基因密码子优化为猪体内偏嗜性密码子optiHA,同野生型A／Swine／Guangdong／1／01（H1N1）的HA基因分别与真核表达载体PCAGGS连接构成重组质粒PCAGGS—optiHA和PCAGGS—HA,然后分别转染293T细胞,48h后采用间接免疫荧光的方法检测Ⅲ基因的瞬时表达蛋白情况。将质粒PCAGGS—HA、PCAGGS—optiHA以100μg／只的剂量,采用后腿肌肉多点注射的方式,免疫6-8周龄雌性BALB／c小鼠,同时设立空载体PCAGGS对照。共免疫3次,每次间隔2周,三免2周后对每组以10^3.87 EID50的A／Swine／Guangdong／1／01（H1N1）进行攻毒。采用ELISA、血凝抑制试验、细胞因子检测和肺组织病毒含量测定等实验评价这两种DNA疫苗的免疫效果。结果表明,HA基因密码子优化的DNA疫苗可显著提高体液免疫和细胞免疫的应答水平,攻毒后免疫组PCAGGS—optiHA的保护效力明显高于免疫组PCAGGS—HA。这一结果为进一步研究和设计有效的SIVDNA疫苗奠定了基础。 相似文献
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应用已构建的真核表达质粒pCI-H1-HA、pCAGGS-H1-HA、pCI-H3-HA和pCAGGS-H3-HA作为DNA疫苗，利用BALB／c小鼠进行免疫保护试验，通过测定不同免疫期HI抗体滴度、分析攻毒后BALB／c小鼠体重变化及肺脏病毒含量，评价DNA疫苗的免疫效力。结果表明：构建的DNA疫苗均可诱导小鼠产生免疫力；BALB／c小鼠体重变化统计学分析显示，免疫组与对照组差异极显著（P〈0．01），pCAGGS表达载体构建的DNA疫苗免疫效果优于pCI表达载体构建的DNA疫苗（P〈0．05）。 相似文献
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运用PCR技术扩增出伪狂犬病病毒糖蛋白gD基因,将该基因定向克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3.1+、pCI-neo中,命名重组质粒为pcD-gD、pCI-gD.以小鼠为动物模型,对构建的基因疫苗进行免疫原性的初步评价.为了证明细胞因子是否能增强基因疫苗的免疫效力,本试验用IL-15的表达质粒联合pcD-gD、pCI-gD免疫.结果表明,重组质粒组主要提高细胞免疫水平,特别是联合组中的CD8~+相对其他组别较高.重组质粒在体液免疫方面没有表现出优势,抗体滴度达不到阳性对照组的水平,但是整个抗体水平相对稳定,提示DNA疫苗诱导的抗体维持时间较长. 相似文献
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DNA vaccination against influenza viruses: a review with emphasis on equine and swine influenza 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Olsen CW 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,74(1-2):149-164
The influenza virus vaccines that are commercially-available for humans, horses and pigs in the United States are inactivated, whole-virus or subunit vaccines. While these vaccines may decrease the incidence and severity of clinical disease, they do not consistently provide complete protection from virus infection. DNA vaccines are a novel alternative to conventional vaccination strategies, and offer many of the potential benefits of live virus vaccines without their risks. In particular, because immunogens are synthesized de novo within DNA transfected cells, antigen can be presented by MHC class I and II molecules, resulting in stimulation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. Influenza virus has been used extensively as a model pathogen in DNA vaccine studies in mice, chickens, ferrets, pigs, horses and non-human primates, and clinical trials of DNA-based influenza virus vaccines are underway in humans. Our studies have focused on gene gun delivery of DNA vaccines against equine and swine influenza viruses in mice, ponies and pigs, including studies employing co-administration of interleukin-6 DNA as an approach for modulating and adjuvanting influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific immune responses. The results indicate that gene gun administration of plasmids encoding hemagglutinin genes from influenza viruses is an effective method for priming and/or inducing virus-specific immune responses, and for providing partial to complete protection from challenge infection in mice, horses and pigs. In addition, studies of interleukin-6 DNA co-administration in mice clearly demonstrate the potential for this approach to enhance vaccine efficacy and protection. 相似文献
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Caselli E Boni M Di Luca D Salvatori D Vita A Cassai E 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2005,28(2):155-166
Although DNA vaccines have several advantages over conventional vaccines, antibody production and protection are often not adequate, particularly in single plasmid vaccine formulations. Here we assessed the potential for a combined vaccine based on plasmids encoding the membrane-anchored or secreted forms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein B and D (gB and gD) to induce neutralizing and cell mediated immune responses in mice. Animals were injected by intramuscular, subcutaneous and intranasal routes. Mice immunized with the combined vaccine containing the secreted forms of BHV-1 glycoproteins developed higher titers of anti-BHV-1 neutralizing antibodies, compared to wild type gB/gD combined plasmids and to single plasmid injected groups. Cellular immunity was also developed in mice immunized with combined vaccines, whereas low or no response were observed in single plasmid injected animals. The data suggest the potential use of this combined vaccine in in vivo trials of calves, in order to evaluate its protective efficacy. 相似文献
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Intradermal vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding envelope glycoprotein C (gC) of pseudorabies virus (PrV) conferred protection of pigs against Aujeszky's disease when challenged with strain 75V19, but proved to be inadequate for protection against the highly virulent strain NIA-3. To improve the performance of the DNA vaccine, animals were vaccinated intradermally with a combination of plasmids expressing PrV glycoproteins gB, gC, gD, or gE under control of the major immediate-early promotor/enhancer of human cytomegalovirus. 12.5 microg per plasmid were used per immunization of 5-week old piglets which were injected three times at biweekly intervals. Five out of six animals survived a lethal challenge with strain NIA-3 without exhibiting central nervous signs, whereas all the control animals succumbed to the disease. This result shows the increased protection afforded by administration of the plasmid mixture over vaccination with a gC expressing plasmid alone. A comparative trial was performed using commercially available inactivated and modified-live vaccines and a mixture of plasmids expressing gB, gC, and gD. gE was omitted to conform with current eradication strategies based on gE-deleted vaccines. All six animals vaccinated with the live vaccine survived the lethal NIA-3 challenge without showing severe clinical signs. In contrast, five of six animals immunized with the inactivated vaccine died, as did two non-vaccinated controls. In this test, three of six animals vaccinated with the DNA vaccine survived without severe clinical signs, whereas three succumbed to the disease. Comparing weight reduction and virus excretion, the DNA vaccine also ranged between the inactivated and modified-live vaccines. Thus, administration of DNA constructs expressing different PrV glycoproteins was superior to an adjuvanted inactivated vaccine but less effective than an attenuated live vaccine in protection of pigs against PrV infection. Our data suggest a potential use of DNA vaccination in circumstances which do not allow administration of live attenuated vaccines. 相似文献
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Use of a Sindbis virus DNA-based expression vector for induction of protective immunity against pseudorabies virus in pigs 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Injection of plasmid DNA encoding pseudorabies virus (PRV) glycoproteins into pig muscle has been shown to result in protective immunity against lethal infection. Nevertheless, such DNA vaccines are still less efficient than some attenuated or killed live vaccines. One way to increase DNA vaccine efficacy is to improve the vectorisation system at the molecular level, thereby enhancing the rate of in vivo-produced immunogen protein and consequently specific acquired immunity. The present study compared the effectiveness of the protein expression system depending on Sindbis virus (SIN) replicase [J. Virol. 70 (1996) 508] with that of more classical pcDNA3 plasmid. Pigs were vaccinated twice at 3-week interval with a mixture of three pcDNA3 plasmids expressing gB, gC and gD (designated as PRV-pcDNA3) or a mixture of three SIN plasmids expressing the same glycoproteins (PRV-pSINCP), and were challenged with a highly virulent PRV strain. The two DNA vaccines induced PRV-specific T cell-mediated immune response characterized by very low levels of IFN-gamma mRNA in PBMC after in vitro antigen-specific stimulation. Very low levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were also obtained in sera following DNA injection(s). A second DNA injection did not boost immune responses. After a lethal challenge, high levels of IFN-gamma mRNA and high NAb response were induced in all DNA-vaccinated pigs, regardless of the vector used. Therefore, the two eukaryotic expression systems showed comparable efficacy in inducing antiviral immunity and clinical protection against PRV in pigs. This suggests that SIN DNA-based vector immunizing potential may differ according to antigen and/or host. 相似文献
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"自杀性"DNA疫苗研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA疫苗作为第三代全新的疫苗,具有传统疫苗和其他基因工程苗不可比拟的优点.但由于其安全性方面存在着一些尚待解决的问题,使得实际应用受到限制."自杀性"DNA疫苗是基于常规的DNA疫苗和自主复制型RNA疫苗而发展起来的一种新型疫苗.由于其制备原理和过程与常规DNA疫苗相类似,所以它具备常规DNA疫苗在制作、运输储存以及免疫等各方面的优点.同时由于它以甲病毒复制子为基础能诱导转染细胞自主凋亡,故比常规DNA疫苗更为安全有效.文章针对"自杀性"DNA疫苗载体的构建、作用机理、优点以及国内外研究情况作一介绍. 相似文献