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中国近海11种鳀科鱼类分子系统发育的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以鳀科鱼类为研究对象,分析其线粒体16S rRNA基因片断序列,探讨了5属11种中国鳀科鱼类的亲缘关系。得到16S rRNA可比序列长度为472~501 bp,共存在20个插入/缺失,125个变异位点。总体上看,序列中转换多于颠换,转换/颠换之比为1.4。根据16S rRNA基因片段差异计算的种间遗传距离从0.22%(黄吻棱鳀和中颌棱鳀,刀鲚和凤鲚)到18.54%(长颌棱鳀和康氏侧带小公鱼),以金色小沙丁鱼作为外群构建的系统树,棱鯷属依次与鲚属、黄鲫属相聚,再与棱鳀属的赤鼻棱鳀相聚;最后与鳀属和侧带小公鱼属形成的分支相聚。赤鼻棱鳀自成单独的一支,建议将赤鼻棱鳀从棱鳀属中划分出来。 相似文献
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基于形态特征和线粒体 16S rRNA基因序列探讨棱鳀属的系统进化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对6种棱鳀属(ThryssaCuvier1829)鱼类共21个个体的16SrRNA基因进行PCR扩增,经比对校正得到572bp的基因片段,共检测到8个单倍型,棱鳀属6个种所有单倍型之间共存在8个插入/缺失;此外有99个变异位点,其中简约信息位点87个;多态位点比例为17.3%;序列中转换多于颠换,转换/颠换之比为1.6;A+T含量(53.6%)明显高于C+G含量(46.4%),序列表现出明显的T偏倚。基于Kimura双参数法,计算的种间遗传距离介于0.4%[黄吻棱鳀(T.vitrirostris)与中颌棱鳀(T.mystax)]到11.33%[黄吻棱鳀与赤鼻棱鳀(T.kammalensis)]之间。以日本鳀(Engraulis japonius)和欧洲鳀(Engraulisencrasicholus)为外群构建的NJ树和ML树中,赤鼻棱鳀位于进化树的基部,是最早分化出来的种;进化树显示,黄吻棱鳀和中颌棱鳀关系最近。本研究结果支持形态学得出的赤鼻棱鳀最先分化的结论,认为中颌棱鳀和黄吻棱鳀可能为同一个种,至于汉氏棱鳀(T.hamiltonii)和杜氏棱鳀(T.dussumieri)的分类地位有待进一步确认。 相似文献
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为明确中国大陆近海棱鳀属鱼类的分类地位,采用国际通用的COⅠ基因5'端652bp序列作为DNA条形码,对中国近海棱鳀属全部6种鱼类62尾标本进行鉴定分析。结果发现,所分析样品的序列碱基组成为T:29.0%,C:26.3%,A:25.3%,G:19.4%,A+T含量(54.3%)高于G+C含量(45.7%),转换/颠换率为3.76。6种棱鳀属鱼类组成5个自展支持率为100%的分支,除黄吻棱鳀和中颌棱鳀各为单系但聚合为一支外,其余4种均独立成支;分支内与分支间平均遗传距离分别为0.2%(0.0%~0.4%)和17.7%(15.7%~19.0%)。赤鼻棱鳀、汉氏棱鳀、杜氏棱鳀和长颌棱鳀均符合Hebert提出的种间遗传距离(15.7%~18.6%)大于或等于10倍种内遗传距离(0.0%~0.3%)的标准,确定了它们的物种有效性。黄吻棱鳀和中颌棱鳀的种内遗传距离皆为0.1%,与其他4种棱鳀的种内遗传距离处于同一水平;但二者种间遗传距离仅为0.6%,明显低于其他物种间的种间遗传距离,属于一般物种的种内遗传距离范围,表明二者亲缘关系很近;由于外部形态存在一定的差异,且在分子系统树上各为单系,二者可作为同一物种的2个不同亚种处理,但也不排除是2个近期分化形成物种的可能,在资源管理上应作为2个不同的进化显著单位分别加以管理。 相似文献
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黄吻棱鳀[Thrissa Vitirostris(Gilchrist et Thompson)],赤鼻棱鳀[T.kammalensis(Bleeker)]和康氏小公鱼[Stolephorus commersonii(Lacepede)]均为我国沿海常见的小型鱼类,是罗源湾定置网的主要渔获对象。有关上述3种鳀科鱼类生物学研究尚少,仅见陈大刚对黄渤海的赤鼻棱鳀、郑小衍和洪幼环对闽南台湾浅滩渔场的黄吻棱鳀和赤鼻棱鳀、陈清潮等对粤东沿岸的康氏小公鱼有过研究。本文对罗源湾的上述3种鱼类的食性进行分析,阐明它们的食性以及它们在罗源湾能流途径中所处的位置。 相似文献
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基于2000年6月和2014年11月黄海南部采集的浮游动物和不同生长阶段鳀(Engraulis japonicus)的胃含物(饵料)组成分析资料,研究鳀的饵料粒级分布与摄食粒级选择性及其与环境生物组成的关系,旨在推进粒级在传统摄食生态分析中的应用。结果显示:黄海南部鳀的饵料种类组成与环境中生物种类组成有关;各体长组中,鳀的饵料粒级多样性与种类多样性分布趋势相似;体长为110 mm左右的鳀的饵料种类多样性和粒级多样性水平最高;鳀的饵料粒级均值随鱼体体长增加而增加;体长约为30 mm和≥70 mm的鳀有明显的饵料粒级转换。根据上述结果,认为在鳀胃含物分析过程中,整合环境中饵料生物的相对组成和粒级大小,可有效评价鱼类对饵料的粒级选择性。 相似文献
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福建沿海分布的鳀科(Engraulidae)鱼类,目前已知的共5属15种,即属鳀(Engraulis Cuvier)的日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlegel),小公鱼属(Stolephorus Laeepede)的青带小公鱼(Stolephorus zollingeri ),康氏小公鱼(S.commersonii Lacepede),中华小公鱼(S.chinensis ),印度小公鱼(S.indicus),棱鳀属(Thrissa Cuvier)的赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis),汉氏棱鳀(T.hamiltonii),中 相似文献
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根据黄海6种饵料鱼类的碳氮比、脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、碳含量及非水分含量5个指标,采用主成分分析法对其进行质量排序。结果表明,依代表生物基本能量的第1主成分,6种鱼的质量顺序为鳀Engraulis japonicus、凤鲚Coilia mystus、黄鲫Setipinna taty、赤鼻棱鳀Thryssa kammalensis、细条天竺鲷Apogonichthys lineatus和黑鳃梅童鱼Collichthys niveatus;依代表营养价值的第2主成分,6种鱼的质量顺序为黄鲫、凤鲚、黑鳃梅童鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、鳀和细条天竺鲷;营养质量的综合排序为凤鲚、黄鲫、鳀、赤鼻棱鳀、细条天竺鲷和黑鳃梅童鱼。结果表明,单一营养质量指标或同类营养质量指标都不能完全代表整个饵料鱼类的质量。 相似文献
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分析研究了2009年7月福建罗源湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成及数量分布。共鉴定19种鱼类的鱼卵和仔稚鱼,隶属于13科。其中,鱼卵10种、仔稚鱼14种。夏季,罗源湾水平拖网鱼卵和仔稚鱼平均密度分别为1.80 ind/m3和0.54 ind/m3;垂直拖网鱼卵和仔稚鱼平均密度分别为4.11 ind/m3和2.63 ind/m3。鱼卵、仔稚鱼以鳀科数量最多,优势种类为中颌棱鳀(Thrissa mystax)和康氏小公鱼(Stolephoruscommersonli)。与历史资料相比,不但种类数减少,且优势种由多科鱼类并存向鳀科鱼类为主转变。夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼主要分布在罗源湾中北部海域及湾口附近。 相似文献
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自 20世纪 80年代以来, 中上层小型鱼类鱼卵或仔稚鱼是渤海莱州湾各调查时期主要产卵季节鱼类早期资源主体成分。基于历史调查资料并结合补充调查构建莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼及其生境因子调查数据集, 通过数理统计分析从数据集中提取中上层小型鱼类早期生活史生境要素信息; 采用 ArcGIS 软件绘制各种不同年代产卵(育幼)场分布图; 运用时间序列和典范对应分析阐明其早期资源生态密度(EDN-ELH)与太平洋年代际变率(PDO)、多变量 ENSO 事件指数(MEI)、黄河月入海径流量(MRYR)和渤海捕捞强度(FEBH)等因子关联性。结果显示, 莱州湾中上层小型鱼类产卵活动集中于年内升温期, 产卵适温盐范围相对较广; 产卵(育幼)场时空分布受外海高盐水和黄河冲淡水势力相互消长影响并具种的异质性, 鳀(Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlege1, 1846)除外, 各种鱼类低盐河口近岸产卵特性明显, 同种仔稚鱼较其鱼卵呈明显近岸分布趋势。莱州湾中上层小型鱼类 EDN-ELH 及其产卵 (育幼)场分布处年际和年代际波动中。相较 20 世纪 80 年代, 鳀、斑鰶[Konosirus punctatus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)]和青鳞小沙丁鱼[Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854)] EDN-ELH 显著降低, 赤鼻棱鳀[Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849)]显著升高, 黄鲫[Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes, 1848)]和沙氏下鱵[(Hyporhamphus sajori (Temminck et Schlege1, 1846)]保持相对稳定。PDO 和 MEI 指数“暖位相”期鳀和沙氏下鱵 EDN-ELH 较高, “冷位相”期赤鼻棱鳀、 黄鲫、青鳞小沙丁鱼和斑鰶 EDN-ELH 较高。MRYR 对各种鱼类(黄鲫和赤鼻棱鳀除外) EDN-ELH 变动影响显著 (P＜0.05), 与鳀、斑鰶和青鳞小沙丁鱼 EDN-ELH 负相关, 与沙氏下鱵正相关。捕捞对鳀和斑鰶 EDN-ELH 影响尤为明显, 究其原因主要是“休渔期”外对其产卵群体高强度捕捞。本研究通过阐释莱州湾中上层小型鱼类早期补充量动态及种群“上行控制”和“下行控制”因素, 旨在深入探究渤海中上层小型鱼类应对全球气候变化响应的关键机制。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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