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《四川畜牧兽医》2016,(7)
本试验旨在研究不同水平菜籽粕对大恒肉种鸡生产性能和孵化性能的影响。选择大恒肉种鸡120只,随机分成4个处理(每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡),对照组日粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验组日粮为玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕型日粮,菜籽粕水平分别为4%、8%和12%,试验期6周。结果表明:在日粮中添加4%、8%和12%菜籽粕对大恒肉种鸡的产蛋率和蛋重均无显著影响;试验组的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数和哈氏单位与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);试验组的种蛋合格率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率与对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05);添加4%和12%菜籽粕组的入孵蛋受精率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,在大恒肉种鸡日粮中添加12%双低菜籽粕是可行的,且添加菜籽粕可提高大恒肉种鸡的种蛋受精率。 相似文献
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为评定热应激状况下益生素饲料添加剂对集约化饲养的黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响,共设计了2个试验。试验Ⅰ选择180日龄的黄羽肉种鸡900只,在30~36℃的高温环境下,随机分成3个处理,每个处理5个重复,其中处理组Ⅰ为对照组,处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ分别在基础日粮中添加0、250g/t和500g/t益生素。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加500g/t益生素显著地提高了高温环境下肉种鸡的采食量、蛋重和种蛋的合格率(P<0.05),改善了饲料转化效率(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ选择250日龄的肉种鸡10000只,在28~33℃的高温环境下,随机分成2个处理,每个处理5个重复,其中处理Ⅰ为对照组,处理Ⅱ在基础日粮中添加500g益生素。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加500g益生素显著地提高了高温集约化养殖模式下肉种鸡的产蛋率、蛋重和种蛋的合格率(P<0.05)。说明益生素对高温集约化养殖模式下肉种鸡的生产性能有一定的改善作用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同饲粮精氨酸水平对黄羽肉种鸡繁殖性能的影响。试验选用780只36周龄的黄羽肉种鸡作为试验鸡,采用单因素随机分组试验设计分成5个组(饲粮精氨酸水平分别为0.65%、0.80%、0.95%、1.10%和1.25%),每组6个重复,每个重复26只鸡。试验预试验2周,饲喂精氨酸水平为0.65%的饲粮;正试期10周。结果表明:饲粮中添加不同水平精氨酸对试验全期种鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重和料蛋比均没有显著影响(P0.05)。1.10%精氨酸组的产蛋率最高,与0.65%和1.25%精氨酸组相比有提高的趋势(P0.10)。1.25%精氨酸组平均蛋重最低,与其他4组相比均有降低的趋势(P0.10)。饲粮中添加不同水平精氨酸对种蛋蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄比例、蛋白质含量以及种鸡血浆中丙二醛含量和还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽值均有显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮精氨酸水平对种蛋受精率、孵化率、健雏率和健雏平均出壳重均没有显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,适度添加精氨酸一定程度上能提高黄羽肉种鸡产蛋率,增强种蛋蛋壳强度和种鸡抗氧化能力。综合分析本试验多项指标,推荐快大型黄羽肉种鸡产蛋高峰期饲粮中精氨酸水平为1.10%。 相似文献
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将50周龄的"罗曼褐"父母代蛋种鸡540只,随机分为2组(试验组和对照组),每组270只鸡,设6个重复,每个重复45只鸡。试验组与对照组日粮及饲养管理相同。预试期间试验组与对照组饲喂基础日粮,组间产蛋性能指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验期,试验组基础日粮中添加有益微生物惠康Ⅰ号,对照组不添加,试验周期为42d。试验期间测定各组别每重复蛋种鸡的产蛋性能和繁殖性能指标。结果表明,添加有益微生物惠康Ⅰ号的试验组只鸡日产蛋量、产蛋率、破蛋率、种蛋受精率、孵化率、每只入舍母鸡提供健雏数等生产性能指标均比对照组提高,采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比、种蛋合格率、健雏率比对照组低,但组间各项生产性能指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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试验研究了低温环境下采食量对肉种鸡生产性能的影响.选取20周龄体重相近的黄羽肉种鸡432只,随机分成4个饲料水平组,每组9个重复(12只/重复):基础日粮组(C);试验组分别在基础日粮上增加2 g(C+2组)、4g(C+4组)和6 g(C+6组)日粮,统计产蛋初期不同饲料水平下黄羽肉种鸡产蛋率和蛋重.结果表明:在整个试验周期内,各试验组与基础日粮组间产蛋率差异不显著(P＞0.05);各试验组内产蛋率差异亦不显著(P＜0.05);而C+6组的蛋重显著高于对照组(C)(P＜0.05);各试验组与对照组体重差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论:在低温环境下,适当增加饲喂量有助于黄羽肉种鸡生产性能的提高. 相似文献
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为了研究微囊丁酸钠对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能和繁殖性能的影响,试验选用6 732只42～45周龄的黄羽肉种鸡,按照初始周龄无差异原则随机平均分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复1 122只黄羽肉种鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,微囊丁酸钠组在基础饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠500 mg/kg。试验分为两个阶段：预饲期4周,试验期9周,共13周。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,微囊丁酸钠组黄羽肉种鸡各周平均产蛋率和1～9周平均产蛋率均显著提高（P<0.05）,且1～9周平均产蛋率较对照组提高6.63%;(2)与对照组相比,微囊丁酸钠组种蛋活胚率和孵化率显著提高（P<0.05）,活胚出苗数提高2.25只。综上所述,饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠500 mg/kg能够提高黄羽肉种鸡的产蛋性能和繁殖性能,增加经济效益。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平大豆黄酮对如皋黄鸡蛋鸡生产性能、繁殖器官发育和种蛋孵化率的影响。试验选用42周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的健康如皋黄鸡蛋鸡2 448只,随机分成4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复102只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加50、100和200 mg/kg大豆黄酮的试验饲粮,预试期2周,正试期14周。结果表明:1)各试验组死亡率、产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量和料蛋比与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)正试期第12周末,各试验组卵巢指数和排卵前卵泡指数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组其他繁殖器官发育指标与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)正试期第13~14周,各试验组受精蛋孵化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),50和200 mg/kg大豆黄酮组的入孵蛋孵化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组蛋鸡种蛋受精率和健雏率与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg大豆黄酮,能显著提高蛋鸡受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率,对45~56周龄如皋黄鸡蛋鸡生产性能和繁殖器官发育无不良影响。 相似文献
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减少肉种鸡的采食量可增加可入孵种蛋的数量 ,可提高种蛋的受精率和孵化率 ,还可减少畸形蛋的数量。 相似文献
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夏季高温环境下快大黄羽肉种鸡产蛋后期最适能量和蛋白质水平的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选取55周龄快大黄羽肉种鸡1350只,随机分为9组,每组10个重复,每重复15只。在夏季高温环境下[平均舍温(30.09±3.12)℃],进行不同能量和蛋白质水平对肉种鸡生产和孵化性能影响的试验。采用3个能量水平(11.08、11.29、11.50MJ/kg)×3个蛋白水平(15.5%、16.5%、17.5%)的双因子交叉试验设计9种不同能量、蛋白水平的日粮进行饲喂,试验期8周。试验结果表明,不同蛋白水平对种鸡生产性能有显著影响,低蛋白水平的D、G两组比高蛋白的C、F、I三组在日均采食量、产蛋率、合格种蛋率、受精率、活胚率、入孵蛋孵化率等指标上均表现优异,有些指标差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。而不同能量水平对这些指标影响不显著。所以夏季高温环境下,过多提高日粮的蛋白质水平不一定有利于提高或保持种鸡的产蛋和孵化性能。试验得出的最适宜营养水平为:代谢能11.29～11.50MJ/kg,蛋白质15.5%,蛋能比为13.48～13.73g/MJ。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献