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本研究旨在探索白术多糖（PAMK）对环磷酰胺（CTX）诱导的岭南黄鸡氧化应激和肝脏细胞凋亡异常的调节作用。选用240只健康1日龄岭南黄鸡，随机分成4个组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组和环磷酰胺组（CTX组）饲喂基础饲粮，白术多糖组（PAMK组）和白术多糖+环磷酰胺组（PAMK+CTX组）饲喂添加400 mg/kg PAMK的基础饲粮。在20、21、22日龄时，CTX组和PAMK+CTX组的岭南黄鸡腿肌注射20 mg/kg CTX，对照组和PAMK组的岭南黄鸡腿肌注射0.5 mL生理盐水。试验期27 d。结果显示：与CTX组相比，PAMK+CTX组肝脏细胞凋亡现象有所缓解，肝脏细胞状态有所恢复，炎性浸润程度有所降低，点状坏死灶数量明显减少；此外，血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著下降（P<0.05），血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著升高（P <0.05），肝脏组织半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase3)的蛋白相对表达量和半胱氨酸蛋白酶9(Caspase9)的mRNA相对表达量显著下调（P<0.05）。由此可见，PAMK能够缓解由C... 相似文献
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本试验旨在通过研究白术多糖（PAMK）对脂多糖（LPS）处理雏鹅胸腺的氧化应激、炎性因子及细胞凋亡水平的影响,探索PAMK是否通过线粒体途径和死亡受体途径对LPS诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡具有缓解作用。试验选用80只1日龄的马岗鹅,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只。对照组（CON组）和脂多糖组（LPS组）饲喂基础饲粮,白术多糖组（PAMK组）和脂多糖+白术多糖组（LPS+PAMK组）在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg PAMK;CON组和PAMK组分别在雏鹅第24、26、28日龄腹腔注射1 mL生理盐水;LPS组和LPS+PAMK组分别在雏鹅第24、26、28日龄腹腔注射2 mg/kg LPS溶液。试验期28 d。结果表明：1）苏木精-伊红染色和超微结构观察结果显示,PAMK缓解了LPS引起的胸腺损伤和凋亡。2）与CON组相比,PAMK组的白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的mRNA相对表达水平无显著差异（P>0.05）,白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的mRNA相对表达水平显著下降（P<0.05）。与LPS组相比,LP... 相似文献
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目前鹅的养殖模式仍然以半旱养为主，对水体的依赖形成高温高湿的环境进一步促进细菌的繁殖使体内LPS累积，导致鹅的脾脏免疫功能受损。白术多糖具有调节机体免疫功能的作用，因此本研究旨在进一步探索白术多糖（PAMK）对脂多糖（LPS）处理雏鹅脾脏免疫损伤的保护作用。 本试验选用24只马岗鹅，随机分为四组，每组6个重复。对照组（CON组）和脂多糖组（LPS组）正常饲喂基础日粮，白术多糖组（PAMK组）和白术多糖加脂多糖组（PAMK+LPS组）在饲喂的日粮中添加400 mg/kg的PAMK。在24和26日龄时，CON组和PAMK组的雏鹅腹腔注射0.5 mL生理盐水；LPS组和PAMK+LPS组腹腔注射2 mg/kg?BW LPS溶液，第26日龄注射一小时后采集脾脏。HE结果显示，与CON组相比，LPS组的脾脏细胞排列疏松、细胞萎缩，形态各异，细胞数目减少并伴有凋亡现象 。，动脉周围淋巴鞘面积显著缩小；与LPS组相比，LPS+PAMK组的细胞排列紧密，细胞形态与对照组接近；此外，转录因子（LPS组GATA-3表达水平显著低于CON组和PAMK组，但LPS+PAMK组与LPS组相比，GATA-3表达水平显著升高；LPS组T-bet表达水平显著低于CON组，但LPS+PAMK组与LPS组相比，T-bet表达水平显著升高），在日常饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的PAMK后发现，细胞因子及转录因子的mRNA表达水平都得到了显著恢复（P＜0.05）。结果表明，在雏鹅发生炎症反应时，白术多糖能够通过调节细胞因子和转录因子的表达水平，缓解雏鹅脾脏的炎症反应，起到一定保护作用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨白术多糖(PAMK)对环磷酰胺(CTX)诱导的雏鹅肝脏损伤的影响及可能的作用机制。试验选用健康的1日龄马岗鹅雏鹅180只,采用单因素完全随机分组试验设计,随机分成3组(对照组、CTX组、PAMK+CTX组),每组3个重复,每个重复20只。PAMK+CTX组从4日龄开始在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的PAM K,直至试验结束。19、20、21日龄,对照组雏鹅腿肌注射0.5 mL生理盐水,CTX组、PAMK+CTX组雏鹅分别腿肌注射40 mg/kg BW的CTX溶液。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,CTX组肝脏指数显著升高(P0.05),胆囊指数显著下降(P0.05);PAMK+CTX组肝脏指数和胆囊指数与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。2) CTX组和PAMK+CTX组肝脏中的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3) CTX可导致肝脏损伤,出现组织纤维化、炎性小灶增多及胆汁淤积等病变,肝细胞DNA氧化损伤;而PAMK可减轻肝脏组织受损程度,减少坏死肝细胞数量。4)与对照组相比,CTX组肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P0.05),肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)活性显著降低(P0.05)。PAMK+CTX组肝脏中MDA含量和GSH-Px、i NOS活性与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。5) CTX组肝脏Toll样受体4(TLR4)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)、细胞外信号调节激酶激酶1(MEKK1)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶3(MKK3)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、核因子κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)、IκB激酶α(IKKα) mRNA的相对表达量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。PAMK+CTX组肝脏TLR4、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、MEKK1、MKK3、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶6(MKK6)、IκB激酶ε(IKKε)、IκBαmRNA的相对表达量显著高于CTX组(P0.05),肝脏MyD88、MKK6 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05),肝脏TRAF6、MEKK1、MKK3、p38MAPK mRNA的相对表达量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,PAM K对CTX诱导的雏鹅肝损伤的调节作用可能是通过TLR4信号通路来实现的。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究白术多糖（PAMK）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的雏鹅法氏囊损伤的影响。选取1日龄雏鹅200只（雌雄各占1/2）,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、LPS组、PAMK组及PAMK+LPS组,各组饲粮中PAMK含量分别为0、0、400和400 mg/kg。每组5个重复,每个重复10只。LPS组和PAMK+LPS组雏鹅分别于24、26和28日龄腹腔注射浓度为2 mg/kg的LPS,对照组和PAMK组注射等量生理盐水。28日龄注射1 h后,每组随机选取15只雏鹅,采集法氏囊进行形态学和组织学观察,并检测免疫细胞因子和Toll样受体4（TLR4）信号通路相关基因表达及氧化应激相关指标。结果显示：PAMK可以有效缓解LPS诱导的法氏囊囊泡内细胞排列紊乱、增加囊泡内空泡数量及降低囊泡的皮质与髓质面积比。此外,与对照组相比,PAMK可以显著抑制LPS诱导的雏鹅法氏囊肿瘤坏死因-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10） mRNA相对表达量上调（P<0.05）。TLR4通路检测结果显示,与对照组相比,PAMK可以显著缓解LPS诱... 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(19)
为研究复合益生菌、多糖及iRNA对种鹅产蛋性能及孵化率的影响,选用8月龄四川白鹅种鹅725只,随机分为5组,对照组饲喂参照美国NRC(1998年)家禽营养需要标准配制的基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中添加0.02%复合益生菌(纳豆芽孢杆菌+凝结芽孢杆菌+粪肠球菌),试验2,3,4组饲粮分别是在试验1组饲粮基础上添加0.04%多糖(甘露聚糖+葡聚糖)、0.04%多糖(甘露聚糖+葡聚糖)+0.005%iRNA、0.005%iRNA。结果表明:饲粮中添加复合益生菌、葡聚糖和甘露聚糖、核糖核酸可明显提高种鹅产蛋率、平均蛋重,降低料蛋比、破畸蛋率,但对鹅产种蛋受精率和出雏率的影响不显著。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2016,(21)
试验旨在研究早期饲喂稻壳稀释饲粮对仔鹅生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选取19日龄扬州鹅公雏260只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复13只。对照组(A组)试验期全期(21~70日龄)饲喂基础饲粮,B、C和D组在21~28日龄分别饲喂7%、14%和21%的稻壳稀释饲粮,29~70日龄饲喂基础饲粮。结果表明:1试验组28日龄鹅体重均显著低于对照组(P0.05),70日龄D组鹅体重显著低于对照组(P0.05);限饲期及试验全程各组间料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。2早期饲喂稻壳稀释饲粮显著或极显著影响了28、70日龄鹅肠道总重、十二指肠重和回肠重(P0.05或P0.01),显著影响28日龄鹅的盲肠重(P0.05)。3早期饲喂稻壳稀释饲粮显著或极显著影响70日龄仔鹅体斜长、龙骨长(P0.05或P0.01),极显著增大仔鹅的胸角(P0.01)。4早期饲喂稻壳稀释饲粮显著影响血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白浓度(P0.05)。提示仔鹅早期限饲可使用14%稻壳对基础饲粮进行稀释。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究血根碱和牛膝多糖单独或联合添加对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及免疫性能的影响。试验选用1日龄的黄羽肉鸡300只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,血根碱组在基础饲粮中添加0.75 mg/kg血根碱,牛膝多糖组在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg牛膝多糖,血根碱+牛膝多糖组在基础饲粮中添加0.75 mg/kg血根碱和400 mg/kg牛膝多糖,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg杆菌肽锌。试验期56 d,分为2个阶段(1～28日龄、29～56日龄)进行。结果表明:1)试验处理对黄羽肉鸡的1～28日龄、29～56日龄平均日采食量、平均日增重以及1～28日龄料重比均有显著影响(P0.05)。29～56日龄阶段,血根碱组、牛膝多糖组和血根碱+牛膝多糖组的平均日采食量和平均日增重均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。血根碱和牛膝多糖对1～28日龄、29～56日龄的平均日采食量均有显著的互作效应(P0.05)。2) 28日龄时,血根碱组、牛膝多糖组和血根碱+牛膝多糖组外周血淋巴细胞增殖率均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05); 56日龄时,血根碱+牛膝多糖组外周血淋巴细胞增殖率最高,与牛膝多糖组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于对照组、血根碱组和抗生素组(P0.05)。血根碱和牛膝多糖对28日龄外周血淋巴细胞增殖率存在显著的互作效应(P0.05)。3) 28日龄时,与对照组相比,添加血根碱和/或牛膝多糖均在一定程度上提高了黄羽肉鸡的免疫器官指数(P0.05),但血根碱和牛膝多糖对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数没有显著的互作效应(P0.05)。由此得出,血根碱和牛膝多糖对黄羽肉鸡有促生长和提高机体免疫力的作用,且两者对生长性能和外周血淋巴细胞增殖率都有一定的互作效应。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献