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为了探索十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,SDBS)对黄牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响,采用体外培养法,以发酵木薯渣粉和玉米粉各200mg为瘤胃发酵底物,SDBS按培养液底物浓度共设四个浓度:0(对照组)、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%,每个浓度设三个重复,分别培养3、6、9和12h,在每次培养结束时,记录产气量,取出培养液,测定培养液的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮和微生物蛋白含量。结果表明:(1)添加SDBS 0、0.20%、0.40%和0.80%,瘤胃培养液的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮含量均随着SDBS浓度的递增显著降低(P0.05),其中添加SDBS 0.20%和0.40%组,能够缩短培养液pH稳定的时间,并且使pH稳定在适宜微生物生长的范围内;(2)与对照组比较,添加SDBS 0.2%、0.40%均能显著提高瘤胃培养液的产气量和微生物蛋白含量(P0.05),其中添加0.40%组的产气量和微生物蛋白含量均显著高于添加0.2%组的产气量和微生物蛋白含量(P0.05)。综上可见,添加适量的SDBS能够显著降低黄牛体外瘤胃发酵的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮含量,显著提高其产气量和微生物蛋白含量。提高黄牛体外瘤胃发酵性能的SDBS的最适添加量为0.4%。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究麻饼型日粮中添加一定量烟酸(450mg/kg)后,在体外培养过程中,发酵底物在不同培养时间内培养液中NH3-N浓度、瘤胃细菌N产量、原虫数量、总VFA量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量和乙酸/丙酸值的降解动力学特征.体外试验瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,饲喂添加烟酸的麻饼型基础日粮.试验结果表明,添加烟酸可提高培养液NH3-N利用率;培养液中添加烟酸后瘤胃细菌N产量在整个培养过程中高于未添加组;培养液中原虫教在培养4 h时达最高值,且此时添加组原虫产量显著(P＜0.05)高于未添加组;总VFA量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的产量随培养时间变化而呈增加趋势;但丁酸量和乙酸/丙酸值与对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05). 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(6)
本试验旨在利用体外批次培养法研究饲粮中添加不同水平的小麦低聚肽对肉羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响,以筛选小麦低聚肽在肉羊饲粮中的适宜添加量。试验选取6只年龄、体况相近的健康小尾寒羊作为瘤胃液的供体,采用单因素试验设计,设1个对照组和6个试验组,每组6个重复。对照组采用基础培养底物(基础饲粮),试验组在基础培养底物中分别添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.25%、0.35%和0.45%的小麦低聚肽。分别于体外发酵2、4、8、12和24 h后,测定培养液的pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、菌体蛋白(MCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度以及干物质降解率,并应用多项指标综合指数(MFAEI)进行评定。结果表明:1)发酵2 h时,0.25%组的pH显著低于对照组(P0.05);发酵12和24 h,除0.05%组外其他试验组pH均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)发酵4 h,0.25%组的NH3-N浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05);发酵8 h,0.35%组的NH3-N浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05);发酵24 h,0.25%、0.35%和0.45%组的NH3-N浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)发酵2 h,0.15%、0.25%和0.45%组的MCP浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05);发酵8 h,各试验组的MCP浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.05);发酵24 h,0.10%、0.15%和0.25%组的MCP浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)发酵2和4 h,试验组的乙酸和丙酸浓度均显著低于对照组(P0.05);发酵8、12和24 h,试验组乙酸和丙酸浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.05);发酵8 h,0.25%和0.35%组乙丙比显著低于对照组(P0.05);发酵24 h,0.45%组乙丙比显著高于对照组(P0.05)。5)发酵12 h,0.05%、0.10%和0.15%组的干物质降解率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。6)MFAEI由高到低排序为0.25%组0.35%组0.45%组0.15%组0.10%组0.05%组。综上所述,在本试验体外培养条件下,饲粮中添加小麦低聚肽可有效促进肉羊体外瘤胃发酵,且最佳添加量为0.25%。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2015,(19)
试验旨在研究蒲公英烘干提取物(冷水提取物,CAE;沸水提取物,BAE;30%乙醇提取物,TEE;70%乙醇提取物,SEE)对体外瘤胃发酵的影响。将5 mg蒲公英提取物添加置200 mg培养基中,分别记录培养2、4、6、8、10、12、16和24 h后气体产量(GP)。培养24 h后,测定p H值、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度和原虫数量。蒲公英提取物的添加显著提高了体外发酵的气体产生量和显著增加了总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,BAE组显著增加(P=0.04)了丙酸的摩尔比,倾向于降低(P=0.07)乙酸丙酸之比。与对照组相比,4个提取物组均提高(P0.001)了原虫的数量。添加蒲公英提取物能够影响体外的瘤胃发酵和促进瘤胃原虫的生长,特别是BAE。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2021,(8)
试验旨在研究不同浓度延胡索酸二钠对水牛瘤胃体外发酵参数、脂肪酸组成及关键微生物数量的影响。选取3头体重约为(650±50)kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的水牛作为瘤胃液的供体动物,通过体外批次培养,试验设4个组(每组5个重复),每组各添加0.25 mg/mL的α-亚麻酸,延胡索酸二钠分别添加0(对照)、1、2、3 mg/mL。分别在培养3、6、9、12、24 h时,测定产气量和甲烷产量,在培养24 h后测定瘤胃体外发酵参数、脂肪酸含量及瘤胃微生物数量。结果表明:1)添加延胡索酸二钠显著提高丙酸浓度(P0.05),降低乙酸/丙酸(P0.05),添加2 mg/mL和3 mg/mL延胡索酸二钠,能显著升高瘤胃培养液的pH值和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量(P0.05)。2)添加1 mg/mL延胡索酸二钠C18:2n6c、c9, t11-CLA和C20:1含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);添加1 mg/mL和2 mg/mL延胡索酸二钠,C22:2n6含量显著高于其他组(P0.05);添加延胡索酸二钠组,C18:3n6含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)添加2 mg/mL延胡索酸二钠,瘤胃液的真菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、非典型丁酸弧菌和蛋白分解丁酸弧菌数量显著升高(P0.05);添加3 mg/mL延胡索酸二钠,瘤胃液的亨氏丁酸弧菌数量显著升高(P0.05);添加2mg/mL和3 mg/mL延胡索酸二钠,瘤胃液的原虫和产甲烷菌数量显著升高(P0.05)。由以上结果可见,体外条件下添加2 mg/mL和3 mg/mL延胡索酸二钠,能提高大多数瘤胃微生物数量,优化脂肪酸组成,提高瘤胃发酵性能,但对甲烷产量没有显著影响。 相似文献
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不同处理水稻秸秆对体外瘤胃发酵模式、甲烷产量和微生物区系的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究不同处理水稻秸秆对瘤胃发酵模式、甲烷产量和微生物区系的影响。以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,各处理分别以干秸秆(对照)、青贮秸秆、氨化秸秆和碱化秸秆为发酵底物,通过体外产气量法,测定培养72 h内的产气量、甲烷产量、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物区系的变化。结果表明:青贮、氨化和碱化处理均显著增加了秸秆体外培养72 h的产气量和24 h的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P0.05),碱化处理显著增加了72 h的甲烷产量(P0.05),青贮和氨化处理显著增加了24 h的丙酸含量(P0.05),显著降低了乙酸/丙酸(P0.05)。各处理中以碱化秸秆的产气量(220.3 m L)和甲烷产量(43.23 m L)最高。与未处理的干秸秆相比,氨化和碱化处理显著提高了体外培养24 h培养液中琥珀酸丝状杆菌的相对数量(P0.05),氨化处理显著降低了甲烷菌的相对数量(P0.05),而各处理对培养液中的白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、真菌和原虫的相对数量没有显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,对水稻秸秆进行青贮、氨化和碱化处理,可以不同程度地改变体外瘤胃的发酵模式、甲烷生成以及瘤胃微生物区系的组成;从甲烷减排角度考虑,可选择青贮和氨化的处理方式。 相似文献
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采用体外试验研究添加不同浓度的菊科黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物对瘤胃微生物体外发酵脂肪酸生物氢化、CLA含量及其前体物trans-11C18∶1含量的影响.黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物添加的剂量分别是0(对照组)、3、30、300及3 000 mg/L.培养时间分别是2、6及24h.在每个采样时间点、每个添加量均设3个重复.试验结果表明,添加黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物有降低C18不饱和脂肪酸生物氢化率的趋势,有增加CLA生成前体物trans-11C18∶1脂肪酸含量的趋势,有增加CLA含量的趋势. 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(23)
为了研究不同剂量的钼对绵羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响,试验采用体外批次培养法,选择健康状态良好并安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的3只22月龄绵羊定期采集瘤胃液,按钼的剂量共设4组,分别为0(对照)、0.5(试验1)、1.0(试验2)、1.5 g/kg(试验3)组,连续培养24 h,每隔3 h测定瘤胃微生物培养液中的氨氮浓度、微生物蛋白浓度、纤维降解酶活性。结果表明:瘤胃微生物培养液中的氨氮浓度先升高再下降再升高,以试验3组最高,显著高于对照组和试验1,2组(P0.05)。试验3组瘤胃微生物培养液中的微生物蛋白浓度最高,显著高于对照组和试验1,2组(P0.05);试验3组瘤胃微生物培养液中的纤维素酶活性最高。说明添加1.5 g/kg钼可以促进瘤胃微生物发酵。 相似文献
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采用体外试验研究添加不同浓度的菊科黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物对瘤胃微生物体外发酵脂肪酸生物氢化、CLA含量及其前体物trans-11C18:1含量的影响。黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物添加的剂量分别是0(对照组)、3、30、300及3000mg/L。培养时间分别是2、6及24h。在每个采样时间点、每个添加量均设3个重复。试验结果表明,添加黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物有降低C18不饱和脂肪酸生物氢化率的趋势,有增加CLA生成前体物trans-11C18:1脂肪酸含量的趋势,有增加CLA含量的趋势。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献