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1.
镉对鲤遗传毒性和外周血细胞数量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
将鲤(Cyprinus carpio)分别暴露于0.16、0.31、0.63、1.26 mg/L Cd2+溶液中,研究Cd2+对鲤外周血红细胞微核率、核异常率、红细胞和白细胞数量的影响,探讨Cd2+对鲤遗传毒性和外周血细胞数量影响的变化规律和趋势。结果显示:Cd2+对鲤红细胞微核率和核异常率的影响存在浓度-效应和时间-效应关系。与对照组相比,1.26 mg/L Cd2+组鲤在不同暴露时间的红细胞微核率和核异常率均极显著(P<0.01),核异常率在72 h显著(P<0.05)增加,72 h后表现为极显著(P<0.01)增加。Cd2+对鲤外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞比例的影响存在浓度-效应和时间-效应关系。相同Cd2+浓度下,鲤淋巴细胞比例随暴露时间增加先降低后上升,同一暴露时间淋巴细胞比例随Cd2+浓度增加而降低。相同Cd2+浓度下,鲤单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞比例随暴露时间增加先升高后降低,同一暴露时间嗜中性粒细胞比例随Cd2+浓度增加而升高。研究表明,Cd2+对鲤具有遗传毒性效应,且随Cd2+浓度增加而增强。  相似文献   

2.
Cd2+对泥鳅外周血红细胞微核及核异常的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
将泥鳅分别暴露于0.005、0.025、0.05、0.1 mg/L的Cd2+溶液中,常规方法制备血涂片,统计泥鳅外周血红细胞微核率、核异常率.结果显示,Cd2+对泥鳅红细胞微核率的影响具有质量浓度-效应和时间-效应关系.随Cd2+质量浓度的增加,红细胞微核率显著上升.随暴露时间的延长,红细胞微核率呈现增加-降低-增加的趋势.Cd2+对泥鳅红细胞核异常率的影响具有明显的质量浓度-效应关系.随Cd2+质量浓度增加,红细胞核异常率显著上升.随暴露时间的延长,0.1 mg/L组核异常率表现出较为明显的增加-降低-增加的时间-效应关系.  相似文献   

3.
通过对流式细胞术(FCM)检测虾类血细胞总数(THC)的条件和方法进行优化,为虾类血细胞学研究提供快捷、准确的测定方法。2012年7-9月,应用SYBR Green I作为荧光染料标记完整血细胞,设置3个不同染料浓度(1×、10×和100×),测定不同孵育时间下染色细胞比例的变化。结果显示,染料终浓度为10×时染色效果最佳,其最佳孵育时间为60 min;应用建立的FCM方法和显微计数方法测定10尾凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的THC,平均值分别为(16.68±1.57)×106个/m L和(15.09±1.76)×106个/m L,2种方法测定结果的相关性极显著(R2=0.8064,P<0.01)。凡纳滨对虾经不同浓度(0.5 mg/L和5.0 mg/L)的Cd2+胁迫,利用建立的FCM方法测定Cd2+胁迫下对虾THC的变化。结果显示,0.5 mg/L和5.0 mg/L Cd2+胁迫下,对虾THC随着胁迫时间的延长不断下降,胁迫48 h时分别下降至对照组的78.7%和64.7%,可见Cd2+胁迫对虾类血细胞产生毒性,抑制了血细胞活性,表明该方法适用于虾类的血细胞学研究。  相似文献   

4.
研究了不同的Cd2+浓度与氮浓度交互作用对小球藻和微绿球藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,Cd2+浓度、氮浓度、胁迫时间及三者的交互作用对小球藻和微绿球藻的生长及光合作用均具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中Cd2+浓度对2株微藻的Fv/Fm(光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学量子产量)和Yield(光系统Ⅱ的实际光能转化效率)影响最显著,氮浓度对2株微藻的NPQ(非光化学淬灭)和微绿球藻的qP(光化学淬灭)影响最显著。相关性分析结果表明,2株微藻的细胞密度、叶绿素相对含量及部分荧光参数(Fv/Fm和Yield)均与Cd2+浓度呈显著的负相关关系。在低氮(55μmol/L)条件下,小球藻和微绿球藻的荧光参数Fv/Fm、Yield和NPQ均有明显下降,细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量也均有不同程度的降低。小球藻的Fv/Fm和Yield在高氮(7040μmol/L)和低浓度Cd2+条件下,下降幅度小,表现为拮抗作用。试验还发现,在低氮和高氮条件下,高浓度Cd2+对小球藻的胁迫作用加强,表现为协同作用。微绿球藻在高氮条件下,其处理组间荧光参数差别不明显,表现为拮抗作用。  相似文献   

5.
镉对凡纳滨对虾离体血细胞的毒性影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对凡纳滨对虾血细胞进行离体镉离子应激,Cd2+浓度为10-3-10-9M,在应激6h后取样,利用流式细胞术（FCM）检测血细胞的活性和活性氧（ROS）含量。结果显示,当Cd2+浓度为10-5M时,血细胞的ROS含量显著升高;当Cd2+浓度为10-3和10-4M时,血细胞的死亡率和ROS含量均显著上升。这些结果表明Cd2+的细胞毒性作用与其浓度相关,Cd2+浓度达到10-5M时即可诱导血细胞ROS的产生,但当Cd2+浓度达到10-4M及以上时,被诱导产生的ROS对细胞造成氧化伤害从而导致细胞死亡。  相似文献   

6.
为探究Cu2+对银鲳幼鱼的致毒效应,采用静态毒性实验方法,开展了Cu2+对银鲳幼鱼的急性暴露实验,研究了不同浓度的Cu2+对银鲳幼鱼外周血细胞微核率、核异常率和肝脏抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GPX)活性变化的影响。结果表明:Cu2+对银鲳幼鱼48和96 h的LC50分别为0.860和0.770 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.077 mg/L;Cu2+的浓度与银鲳幼鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率具有明显的剂量效应关系,在相同浓度Cu2+胁迫下,核异常率又普遍高于微核率;不同浓度Cu2+胁迫下银鲳幼鱼肝组织中的SOD、CAT、GPX活性均表现为低浓度被诱导而高浓度受抑制的规律,与Cu2+浓度呈抛物线型剂量效应关系。研究认为红细胞微核率、核异常率与SOD、CAT和GPX活性的变化均可以反映银鲳幼鱼受伤害的程度,并可用作银鲳安全性风险评价的参考依据,其中SOD还可以灵敏地指示低浓度的早期Cu2+污染。  相似文献   

7.
以新鲜虾血细胞为阴性对照,α-羰基氰化氯苯腙处理的虾血细胞为阳性对照,建立以JC-1为荧光标记的测定虾类血细胞线粒体膜电位的流式细胞术方法.将凡纳滨对虾离体血细胞经不同浓度Cd2+ (10-9～10-3 mol/L)处理6h后,应用该方法测定血细胞线粒体膜电位的变化.结果显示10-4 mol/L和10-3 mol/L Cd2+导致血细胞线粒体膜电位显著下降,表明该浓度的Cd2+会破坏虾血细胞线粒体的功能.本研究结果也显示,应用JC-1标记的流式细胞术测定方法适用于虾类血细胞线粒体膜电位的研究.  相似文献   

8.
任胜杰  吴青  张佐  袁文清  陈兰  郑曙明 《水产学报》2017,41(10):1609-1622
为研究黄芪多糖(APS)和当归多糖(ASP)对维氏气单胞菌诱导鲫细胞凋亡的影响,实验设阴性对照组、阳性对照组,黄芪多糖组和当归多糖组,通过对鲫用维氏气单胞菌攻毒处理,用流式细胞仪测定血细胞的凋亡比例和细胞周期变化,并用荧光显微镜和透射电镜观察凋亡细胞的形态。结果显示,维氏气单胞菌攻毒后阳性对照组鲫血细胞的细胞凋亡率均极显著高于多糖组和阴性对照组;多糖组能显著降低鲫的细胞凋亡率且黄芪多糖组效果更显著;攻毒后鲫肝细胞和肾脏淋巴细胞出现染色质凝集、细胞核固缩边集和细胞空泡化及凋亡小体;同阴性对照组相比;维氏气单胞菌攻毒可以引起鲫血细胞周期中S/G2+M期细胞比例极显著下降,sub-G1极显著升高,抑制细胞分裂诱发凋亡;多糖组则G0/G1期细胞极显著降低,S/G2+M期细胞极显著升高,sub-G1极显著降低,促进细胞分裂抑制凋亡。黄芪多糖和当归多糖添加量在1%时能抑制维氏气单胞菌攻毒引起的细胞凋亡。  相似文献   

9.
为研究黄芪多糖(astragalus polysacharin,APS)和当归多糖(angelica sinensis polysaccharide,ASP)对维氏气单胞菌诱导的鲫细胞凋亡的影响,实验设阴性对照组、阳性对照组,黄芪多糖组和当归多糖组四个处理组,通过对鲫用维氏气单胞菌攻毒处理,用流式细胞仪测定血细胞的凋亡比例和细胞周期变化,并用荧光显微镜和透射电镜观察凋亡细胞的形态。结果显示,维氏气单胞菌攻毒后阳性对照组鲫血细胞的细胞凋亡率均极显著高于多糖组和阴性对照组(P0.01);多糖组能显著降低鲫的细胞凋亡率且黄芪多糖组效果更显著;攻毒后鲫肝细胞和肾脏淋巴细胞出现染色质凝集,细胞核固缩边集和细胞空泡化及凋亡小体;同阴性对照组相比维氏气单胞菌攻毒可以引起鲫血细胞周期中S/G2+M期细胞比例极显著下降,sub-G1极显著升高,抑制细胞分裂诱发凋亡;多糖组则G0/G1期细胞极显著降低,S/G2+M期细胞极显著升高,sub-G1极显著降低,促进细胞分裂抑制凋亡。黄芪多糖和当归多糖添加量在1%时能抑制维氏气单胞菌攻毒引起的细胞凋亡。  相似文献   

10.
Cr6+、Pb2+、Cd2+胁迫下条斑紫菜保护酶系统的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究了不同Cr6+、Pb2+、Cd2+处理浓度对条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、总抗氧化力(TAC)等保护酶系统的效应作用.结果表明,SOD、POD、TAC活性均随着处理浓度的增加,表现为先升高、后降低的总体趋势;但可溶性蛋白含量均比对照组高.Cd2+处理浓度为0～10 mg/L、Cr6+浓度为0～20 mg/L、Pb2+浓度为0～30 mg/L时,SOD、POD、TAC应激性升高达最高值,之后迅速降低.相关指数分析显示,POD对cr6+、Pb2+、Cd2+较SOD敏感.TAC为衡量机体抗氧化系统功能状况的综合性指标,SOD、POD在抗氧化系统适应重金属胁迫中起主要作用.条斑紫菜对重金属污染有较强的耐受性,相比较而言,Cd2+的毒性最高,Pb2+次之,Cr6+最弱.POD、SOD、TAC可以作为条斑紫菜受环境重金属污染胁迫的生化生理指标.  相似文献   

11.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
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14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

16.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

20.
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.  相似文献   

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