共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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包虫病或称棘球蚴病,是由带科棘球属和泡球属绦虫的中绦期(幼虫)寄生于人和动物而引起的人畜共患寄生虫病。为了了解乐都区犬包虫病的感染情况,用酶联免疫吸附试验对驱虫前后的260份犬粪进行了包虫抗原检测,检出阳性4份,阳性率为1.54%。 相似文献
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[目的]掌握宁夏部分地区畜间包虫病（棘球蚴病）流行情况,为包虫病的净化和综合防治提供依据。[方法] 2015年6—12月,对宁夏地区家畜和野生动物棘球蚴感染情况、农牧民对包虫病的知晓情况,采取问卷调查、实验室检测、实地走访座谈等方式进行调查。[结果]本次调查共抽查羊脏器2 092份,棘球蚴感染阳性率为3.35%;牛脏器1 749份,阳性率为0;检测羊血清样品2 080份,棘球蚴感染抗体阳性率为40.39%;检测犬粪样品4 620份,棘球绦虫感染阳性率为4.05%。调查3个县（区）的高原鼠兔、黄鼠等300只,均未发现有棘球蚴感染。调查还发现,农牧民对包虫病的知晓率参差不齐。[结论]针对宁夏地区畜间包虫病防治中存在的问题,建议加强犬只管理,积极开展犬的驱虫工作;加强牛羊屠宰管理;对新生母羔羊采用基因工程疫苗进行免疫;加强对农牧民的健康教育;加大政府的防治投入。 相似文献
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徐万祥 《中国草食动物科学》2020,(2):87-88
为掌握甘肃省临夏州家畜棘球蚴病(包虫病)感染情况,于2018年对康乐县、临夏市、广河县、和政县、积石山县、永靖县、临夏县7个县(市)的羊进行了棘球蚴病感染调查。结果显示:在观察的4349份羊内脏中,有214份感染了包虫病,感染率4.92%;通过血清学检查,在1260份羊血清样品中,阳性样品22份,阳性率1.75%。说明棘球蚴病在临夏州家畜中流行较广,应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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汪燕昌 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2020,50(1)
为掌握祁连县防治前后牛羊棘球蚴及家养犬棘球绦虫感染情况与人间包虫病感染情况,为更好地防治包虫病提供依据。采用随机抽查宰杀牛羊的肝脏、肺脏等内脏器官中棘球蚴包囊或囊肿,ELISA方法检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原,剖检法检查家养犬棘球绦虫成虫,走访调查和采用B超及血清学诊断法进行人包虫病感染情况调查。结果为:牛棘球蚴感染率分别为5.7%、4.0%和3.27%;羊棘球蚴感染率分别为7.75%、5.36%和3.75%,均呈逐年下降趋势。未驱虫犬粪便抗原阳性率34.7%。驱虫后犬粪便抗原阳性率分别为28.9%和阳性率3.33%。剖检未驱虫犬感染率83.3%,驱虫后犬感染率0.0%。调查成年人3 0622人,检出包虫病阳性20人,调查儿童3507人,检出包虫病阳性29人。结果表明祁连县畜间包虫病呈一定的流行性,防治工作具有成效。 相似文献
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《畜牧与饲料科学》2017,(4)
通过对青海省门源县所辖地区畜间包虫病(棘球蚴病)流行情况进行调查,为畜间包虫病的净化和综合防治提供依据。2016年1—12月,对青海省门源地区犬、牛、羊棘球蚴感染情况进行采样、实验室检测等方式进行调查,采用随机抽样的方法,对门源地区犬棘球绦虫,牛、羊棘球蚴感染情况进行剖检和实验室检测。结果显示:共剖检7条犬,细粒棘球绦虫感染率为42.86%,棘球绦虫数量在0.08万~28.8万条,发现为泡状带绦虫感染;检测犬粪抗原样品270份,阳性数为58份,阳性率为21.48%;该次调查共抽查剖检羊脏器150份,检出阳性110份,棘球蚴感染率为73.33%;抽查剖检牛脏器100份,检出阳性30份,感染率为30.00%。不同地区的犬、牛、羊均有感染,涉及全县浅、川、脑不同地区。建议加强犬只管理,加大对畜间包虫病的防控知识宣传教育和专业技术培训,积极开展犬的驱虫工作,加强牛羊屠宰管理,充分发挥动物防疫部门的作用,以期为今后畜间包虫病的防控工作提供参考。 相似文献
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杨良存 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2011,41(6):26-26
棘球蚴病又称包虫病,由成虫寄生于食肉动物（终末宿主,如狗、狼等）小肠内,幼虫寄生于人、草食动物等（中间宿主,人、羊、牛、猪等）,是世界范围流行的人畜共患病。青海省牧区是我国包虫病最严重的地区之一,高发流行,疫情严重,以囊性和泡型两种包虫病流行为主,囊型包虫病患病率高,约占90%,但泡型包虫病对人体危害更为严重,民和县地... 相似文献
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为了解宁夏吴忠市畜间包虫病流行范围及防治效果,科学规范指导下一阶段包虫病防治工作,2020年对吴忠市5个县(市、区)采用基本情况调查、实验室抽样检测等方法进行了畜间包虫病流行病学调查。共检测犬粪样品1 861份,犬细粒棘球绦虫感染阳性率为0.75%;抽检羊脏器4 027份,棘球蚴感染率为0.22%,有3个县区检出感染;检测牛脏器1 207份,棘球蚴感染率为0.17%,仅1个县检出感染。3个免疫试点县区中,同心县新生羔羊免疫率较低(36.18%),而羊棘球蚴感染率最高(0.66%)。统计分析显示,犬棘球蚴感染与牛羊感染呈正相关。结果表明,吴忠市畜间包虫病控制效果较好,但仍存在一定的棘球蚴感染,需要继续做好牛羊饲养管理和犬只驱虫,加强包虫病防治宣传,在重点地区大力推广包虫病疫苗免疫,逐步净化包虫病。本调查为该地区包虫病综合防治和净化提供了依据。 相似文献
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[目的]了解新疆维吾尔自治区部分规模化屠宰场羊的细粒棘球蚴感染情况及其分子遗传特征。[方法]收集屠宰场羊肝脏组织内经肉眼观察鉴定为细粒棘球蚴的包囊样本96份,全部提取基因组DNA后,基于细粒棘球绦虫cox1基因位点和nad1基因位点进行PCR扩增和测序。通过序列比对数据鉴定其基因型,构建遗传进化树解析其分子遗传特征。[结果]在cox1基因位点上,有81份样本呈PCR扩增阳性（84.37%,81/96）,经序列分析鉴定,所有阳性样本均为细粒棘球蚴G1基因型（n=81）,存在15个单倍型（Hap＿1～15）;在nad1基因位点上,有67份样本呈PCR扩增阳性69.79%(67/96),经序列分析鉴定出2种基因型,分别为细粒棘球蚴G1基因型（n=66）和G3基因型（n=1）,存在19个单倍型（Hap＿1～19）。种系发育分析显示,获得的细粒棘球蚴G1基因型和G3基因型序列,与国内外已报道的多种宿主源的G1基因型和G3基因型序列均处于同一个进化支。[结论]新疆部分地区羊源细粒棘球蚴呈现遗传多样性分布特征,研究结果为该地区羊包虫病的防治提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献