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我国蜂蜜出口受阻控制药残迫在眉睫 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
20 0 2年初 ,欧盟以中国蜂蜜氯霉素等抗生素残留超标为由 ,中止了进口中国的蜂蜜。美国、日本、加拿大等国也效仿欧盟 ,相继提高了对中国蜂产品药物残留的检出限量要求。按照欧盟的新标准 ,蜂蜜中氯霉素含量不得超过 0 1ｐｐｂ ,即 10万吨蜂蜜中含有的氯霉素不得超过 1克 ,比原有标准提高了10 0倍。由于检测标准提高到了十分苛刻的程度 ,使我国蜂产品出口严重受阻 ,遭受重大损失。受此影响 ,吉林省蜂蜜出口也大幅度减少。吉林省养蜂历史悠久 ,特别是东部山区半山区蜜源十分丰富 ,西部草地蜜源也较好 ,不仅当地养蜂户众多 ,而且每年还吸引大… 相似文献
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我国加入WTO后 ,很多国家对我国的蜂蜜出口设置了绿色壁垒。例如 :欧盟要求氯霉素不得检出 ,马来西亚 2 0 0 2年已开始对我国所有的出口蜂蜜实行严格的氯霉素、链霉素、四环素检验。这就对我国养蜂行业提出了更高的要求。我们必须认识到抗生素等药残对人类的危险性 ,掌握无药残防治蜂病的方法 ,严格按中华人民共和国农业标准NY51 3 4— 2 0 0 2 ,NY51 3 9—2 0 0 2 ,进行蜂产品生产和养蜂管理 ,生产无公害食品。现根据有关资料和笔者多年的养蜂经验 ,介绍无药残蜜蜂病害防治法 ,供广大蜂业同仁参考。1 .抗生素的毒副作用氯霉素是广谱抗生… 相似文献
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今年,欧盟进口蜂产品除了不得含有氯霉素、链霉素、四环素外,新增加禁用药物磺胺、硝基呋喃、甲硝唑等.我国蜂产品出口欧盟等国必须与国际标准接轨,如何杜绝蜂产品中蜂药残留已成为我国当前蜂业界首要任务.蜂产品中蜂药残留是蜂农在防治蜂病过程中喂饲蜂药污染蜂产品造成,有的是蜂农盲目用药的恶果.蜂群无病蜂农就不会用药,健壮的蜂群是生产无公害蜂产品的基础,也是杜绝蜂药污染蜂产品的根本.如何培育健壮蜂群,笔者根据实践与调查研究,总结以下经验供蜂农参考. 相似文献
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20世纪80年代日本对我国出口蜂蜜提出检测四环素族抗生素的要求,90年代初欧盟又要求蜂蜜中不得检出杀虫脒。由于氯霉素残留,2002年初欧盟全面禁止进口我国动物源食品。我国蜂蜜、蜂王浆不能向欧盟出口,蜂产品出口到美国、日本、加拿大等国也严重受阻,这给我国蜂业界,包括养蜂、出口加工企业、外贸部门以及蜂产品经营部门敲起了警钟。高度重视并切实有效地解决蜂产品药物残留问题已成了提高我国蜂产品安全卫生质量、扩大出口的当务之急。如何从源头抓起,按照欧盟等进口国要求建立适合我国国情的残留监控体系,做到科学养蜂、合理用药已成了蜂… 相似文献
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无药残蜂病的中药防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
蜂病防治目前仍以化学药物为主，尤其是对蜂螨。化学药物防治见效快，使用方便，但所带来的问题是容易引起对蜂产品的污染，造成药物残留超标，从而影响蜂产品的质量安全。2002年初，因氯霉素残留超标问题，我国蜂蜜全线退出欧盟市场，并在多国和市场发生连锁 相似文献
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为积极应对ＷＴＯ挑战 ,浙江省农业厅畜牧管理局、浙江省蜜蜂产业协会免费为全省蜂农举办的“浙江省蜂产品安全与生产技术培训班” ,于 2 0 0 2年 11月 2 7日～ 12月 1日分别在杭州、兰溪、缙云、江山举行 ,参加学习培训蜂农 16 5 0人次。这是浙江省针对欧盟设置技术壁垒 ,对蜂农进行生产无公害蜂产品的最大规模培训活动 ,也是浙江省蜂业主管部门认真贯彻落实党的十六大精神 ,提高蜂农科学技术素质 ,增加蜂农收入的具体行动。众所周知 ,2 0 0 2年 1月份 ,欧盟以检出我国对虾含有氯霉素为由 ,全面禁止我国动物源食品进口。我国蜂蜜出口受阻 ,… 相似文献
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20世纪80年代,日本对我国出口蜂蜜提出检测四环素族抗生素的要求,90年代初欧盟国家又要求蜂蜜中不得检出杀虫脒.2002年初因氯霉素残留,欧盟全面禁止进口我国动物源食品,我国蜂蜜、蜂王浆不能向欧盟出口,蜂产品出口到美国、日本、加拿大等国也严重受阻,这给我国蜂业界,包括养蜂、出口加工企业、外贸部门以及蜂产品经营部门敲起了警钟.高度重视并切实有效地解决蜂产品药物残留问题已成了提高我国蜂产品安全卫生质量、扩大出口的当务之急.如何从源头抓起,按照欧盟等进口国要求建立适合我国国情的残留监控体系,做到科学养蜂、合理用药已成了蜂业界的共识. 相似文献
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20 0 2年 1月 2 5日 ,因氯霉素残留问题 ,欧盟常设兽医委员会通过了禁止进口中国动物源性食品(包括蜂产品 ) ,并于 1月 31日正式生效。欧盟这一举措对我省蜂产品的出口和蜂业生产造成了很大的影响。1 据初步调查 ,目前蜂蜜质量可能存在以下几方面的问题1 1 极少数蜂农为防治蜜蜂幼虫病、爬蜂病等用药不当可能造成氯霉素、链霉素等药物残留超标。1 2 破旧蜜桶污染可能造成部分铁等含量超标。1 3 掺假使杂引起蔗糖含量等超标。2 对策措施2 1 从源头抓起(1)加强宣传 ,提高养蜂人员产品质量意识。(2 )饲养强群 ,以防为主。①选用抗病良种… 相似文献
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从北方放蜂回家后 ,从《中国养蜂》杂志上看到 :因我国出口的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留超标 ,欧、美、日各国相继中止进口我国的蜂蜜。这是我国养蜂业的一件重大事件 ,我们每一位有责任心的蜂农都应当进行认真思考 ,为国家 ,更为我们蜂农自己找找产生问题的原因 ,并及时进行改正。我是一位老蜂农 ,反思之后 ,我认为蜂蜜中抗生素残留超标的问题主要出在生产方面。以治爬蜂病用药为例。现在每年各地蜜蜂爬蜂病的发病率相当高 ,而每当发生爬蜂病时 ,不管是什么原因引起的 ,我们的蜂农都用氯霉素或氟哌酸进行治疗 ,这是很错误的做法 ,因为就目前情况看来… 相似文献
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2004年7月,欧盟重新同意进口中国蜂蜜,但是蜂蜜中不得含有氯霉素、链霉素、四环素及磺胺、硝基呋喃、甲硝唑。经普查,2004年浙江省缙云县执行国家禁用兽药的转地蜂场占蜂场总数的98.59%,没有饲喂过国家禁用兽药的蜂群占蜂群总量的98.77%,这与送检蜂蜜的检测结果是一致的。要杜绝国家禁用兽药对蜂蜜的污染关键在于各级蜂协或蜂业合作社就地将蜂农组织起来,进行生产无公害蜂产品技术培训和法制教育,并与龙头企业合作进行蜂业产业化经营;对蜂农生产的无公害蜂产品实行优质优价;建议修订国家《蜂蜜》标准,应与国际《蜂蜜》标准接轨;堵住禁用兽药污染蜂蜜的漏洞;企业要鼓励蜂农生产有机蜂蜜。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献