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果寡糖作为饲料添加剂已成为动物营养研究的热点。果寡糖通过调节动物胃肠道微生态平衡、增强动物机体免疫力、改变肠道生理结构、改善动物对营养物质的利用及改善肉质发挥作用。 相似文献
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寡糖作为饲料添加剂是动物营养研究近20年来的热点之一。继抗生素、益生素的研究之后,动物营养学家对寡糖投以极大的关注,其中果寡糖是寡糖最重要的组成部分之一。果寡糖是抗生素的替代品之一,其作用显著优于抗生素及益生素。在日本,果寡糖约有500多种产品,已被视为一种食品,有报道在煎制牛肉时添加果寡糖可以降低不同形式的芳香族胺的形成。在动物饲养中,果寡糖可以促进肠道内有益菌的增生,而抑制有害菌的繁殖,从而改善动物体内的微生态环境、提高动物的免疫力及生产性能。1果寡糖的概况果寡糖(Fructooligosaccharide,FO S)又称为低聚果… 相似文献
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果寡糖在仔猪生产中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
果寡糖是一种新型的绿色饲料添加剂。它可选择性促进机体肠道内健康微生物菌群的组成,从而改善肠道微生态系统;刺激动物机体的免疫反应机能,增强动物对疾病的抵抗力;促进新陈代谢,提高动物的生产性能和经济效益等。本文综述了果寡糖的结构、理化性质及其在仔猪生产中的作用及其机理,并对果寡糖应用前景做出展望。 相似文献
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果寡糖是一种新型的绿色饲料添加剂.它可选择性促进机体肠道内健康微生物菌群的组成,从而改善肠道微生态系统;刺激动物机体的免疫反应机能,增强动物对疾病的抵抗力;促进新陈代谢,提高动物的生产性能和经济效益等.本文综述了果寡糖的结构、理化性质及其在仔猪生产中的作用及其机理,并对果寡糖应用前景做出展望. 相似文献
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低寡糖饲粮中添加果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
果寡糖(Fructooligosaccharide,简称FOS),是由葡萄糖和果糖构成的直链果聚糖混合物,分子式为GFn(n≤4)。果寡糖因结构中含β-1,2糖苷键,而动物消化道上段主要分泌α-1,4糖苷酶,难以对果寡糖消化水解,其进入大肠后被肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌等有益微生物选择性利用,同时抑制沙门氏菌与大肠杆菌等病原菌增殖,从而改善肠道微生态环境和动物健康。目前,关于饲料原料中天然寡糖含量对果寡糖应用效果及作用机理的影响研究报道较少。大豆浓缩蛋白不但蛋白质含量丰富,而且去除了绝大部分的可溶性糖(包括寡糖)和抗营养因子,是研究寡糖的理想原料… 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献