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2021年6月9日,陕西省神木市红碱淖国家级自然保护区发生一起野禽H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感疫情。为了解该起疫情的发生经过、可能来源、内部传播方式以及对外扩散风险,组织开展了流行病学调查。现场调查发现：5月27日该保护区的黑颈??种群开始发病死亡,28日保护区工作人员发现后上报疫情,经国家禽流感参考实验室确诊为H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感疫情;截至6月26日,累计死亡黑颈??5 486只,未见其他鸟类及周边家禽异常死亡。采样检测发现,野禽环境中病毒污染面较小,家禽中未检出病原,家禽H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体水平较高。调查认为：疫情由迁徙候鸟感染禽流感病毒传入引起,发病局限于野禽;因红碱淖水质碱性较强,病毒存活时间较短,疫情经湖水传播的风险性较小。疫情确诊前,保护区已采取了无害化处理病死禽、消毒、人车管控等措施,当地农业农村部门对周边家禽开展了禽流感紧急疫情排查和强化免疫。因此,结合现场调查和实验室检测结果,推断疫情由野禽向家禽扩散风险很低。本次疫情提示,应多部门密切协作,持续做好高致病性禽流感疫情监测工作,做到疫情早发现,果断处置,以降低疫情扩散风险。 相似文献
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2022年3月24日，河南省卫健委通报，台前县一名鸭屠宰分割人员感染H5N6亚型流感病毒。为调查可能的传染源、传播途径，降低禽间疫情发生风险和公共卫生风险，重点对该病例工作的台前县某食品公司及周边3 km范围内易感动物开展了禽流感紧急流行病学调查和抽样监测，并对全县禽养殖场户开展了禽流感流行病学调查和监测。在该食品公司的鸭头和环境样品中检出H5N6亚型流感病毒核酸阳性，但在养殖场及野鸟栖息地的所有样品中均未检出病原阳性。分析认为：该病例通过密切接触携带病毒的鸭体而感染的可能性较大；病例所感染病原很有可能是通过带毒野禽引入的，同时也不排除家禽跨区域调运引入的可能。当地家禽发生高致病性禽流感疫情的风险较低，但不能忽视对禽流感的防控。 相似文献
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为了解兴文县禽流感病毒在家禽中的免疫效果和感染流行情况,通过采集辖区内12个乡镇家禽规模养殖场、散养户、农贸市场和活禽屠宰点的660份禽血清样本和660份禽拭子样本,在实验室以血凝（HA）和血凝抑制试验（HI）检测血清中禽流感病毒H5亚型、H7亚型的抗体含量,并以实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测拭子中是否存在禽流感病毒H5亚型、H7亚型核酸。结果显示：660份禽血清样品中禽流感H5亚型抗体个体和群体合格率分别为89.24%、82.29%,禽流感H7亚型抗体个体和群体合格率分别为97.73%、87.50%;660份禽拭子样品中检出禽流感病毒H5亚型核酸阳性样品15份,阳性检出率为2.27%,禽流感H6亚型病毒核酸阳性样品6份,阳性检出率为0.95%,所有病毒阳性检出点均来自活禽屠宰点,未检出禽流感H7亚型病毒核酸阳性样品。结果表明：兴文县的禽流感H5和H7免疫抗体水平均符合国家强制免疫水平要求,且规模场抗体合格率优于农村散户,家禽养殖环节无禽流感病毒核酸（H5、H6和H7亚型）检出。活禽市场流通环节中均检测了禽流感病毒H5、H6、H7亚型,主要以禽流感病毒H5亚型居多,尤其是屠宰点的屠宰... 相似文献
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H5N1禽流感疫苗研究及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2003年以来，H5N1亚型禽流感病毒在东南亚多个国家包括中国引起禽流感暴发，并在越南、泰国、柬埔寨、印尼和中国引起人的感染和死亡。2005年，H5N1亚型禽流感病毒引起野生鸟类的大规模死亡，并随野生鸟类的迁徙而传播到更广泛的区域。本将对1996年以来中国家禽中分离的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒进化及演变关系．以及野鸟禽流感病毒的遗传多样性进行系统阐述。 相似文献
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为了解贵州省H7亚型禽流感感染情况,采用HI试验对全省9个地区家禽血清样本进行血清抗体检测,PT-PCR方法对家禽咽-肛拭子、养禽场环境样本和野鸟粪便进行病原核酸检测。结果显示:在1570份家禽血清样本中,H7亚型禽流感血清抗体阳性率为0.45%(7/1570);在350份家禽咽-肛拭子和310份养殖场环境样本中,均未检测出H7亚型禽流感病毒核酸;在160份野鸟粪便中,有1份为H7亚型禽流感病毒核酸阳性,阳性率为0.63%(1/160)。试验提示,在贵州省养禽场中不存在H7亚型禽流感感染,但迁徙野禽中可能存在H7亚型禽流感隐性感染,应当引起重视。 相似文献
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为了解湖南省永州市活禽市场禽流感病毒污染状况,2017年4—12月,永州市动物疫病预防控制中心在冷水滩区采集571份家禽和环境样品,进行了H5、H7亚型禽流感病毒核酸实时荧光定量RT-PCR 检测。结果显示：571份样品中,检出H5亚型禽流感病毒核酸阳性样品44份,阳性检出率为7.7%,未检出H7亚型禽流感病毒阳性样品;除5月份外,每月都能监测到阳性样品,且冬季阳性检出率明显偏高;活禽在摊位中停留时间越长,禽流感病毒阳性率越高;鸭源样品和污水样品中的禽流感病毒检出率最高,城乡农贸市场的病毒阳性检出率高于城区活禽交易市场。调查结果表明,活禽市场中的H5亚型禽流感病毒污染率较高,尤其是水禽和污水以及卫生条件较差的市场。因此,要严把市场休市清洗消毒关,提升市场环境卫生水平,严格活禽调运检疫和监管,禁止陆禽和水禽混合销售。 相似文献
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2009年7-8月全球重大动物疫情综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国动物卫生与流行病学中心国际兽医事务综合分析室 《中国动物检疫》2009,26(9):70-70
2009年7-8月全球通报发生的重大动物疫情主要有禽流感、口蹄疫、裂谷热、水泡性口炎、蓝耳病、猪H1N1流感、布氏杆菌病、炭疽、传染性马子宫炎等。蒙古国再次发现野鸟感染H5型高致病性禽流感病毒死亡,埃及人禽流感病例继续增加,美国在家禽中再次监测到H7N9亚型低致病性禽流感病毒,全球禽流感疫情形势虽保持平稳态势,但复发风险依然存 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献