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1.
陆川猪DGAT2基因克隆、序列分析及表达水平研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了获得广西陆川猪二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶2(DGAT2)基因编码区(CDS)序列,并探讨该基因在陆川猪和杜长大猪肌肉中的表达水平差异,试验以陆川猪背最长肌组织总RNA为模板,克隆获得DGAT2基因CDS序列并利用生物软件进行序列分析,同时采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测150日龄陆川猪和杜长大猪背最长肌中DGAT2基因的相对表达量。结果表明:陆川猪DGAT2基因CDS序列长度为1 086 bp,与GenBank中的野猪、虎鲸、双峰骆驼、羊驼、佛罗里达海牛、野驴、马和家猫的同源性分别为99. 8%、93. 1%、93. 0%、92. 9%、92. 1%、91. 8%、91. 7%和91. 5%;陆川猪与野猪的遗传距离最近;陆川猪DGAT2蛋白由361个氨基酸组成,其中亮氨酸含量最高,半胱氨酸含量最少,DGAT2蛋白具有较弱的疏水性;在DGAT2蛋白高级结构中,α-螺旋占比39. 34%,无规则卷曲占比43. 21%,延伸链占比17. 45%; 150日龄陆川猪背最长肌中DGAT2基因相对表达量极显著高于同日龄的杜长大猪(P0. 01)。说明DGAT2基因在猪肌肉脂肪沉积过程中发挥了一定作用,但其作用于肌内脂肪的沉积机制尚不明确,可将DGAT2基因作为开展陆川猪肌内脂肪沉积分子机制研究的主要候选基因之一。  相似文献   

2.
本文旨在探究JAZF1基因mRNA在大白猪和山西黑猪肌肉组织中的发育性表达规律,为研究猪肌内脂肪的形成机理提供有力的理论参考。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测大白猪和山西黑猪在25d、70d和150d的背最长肌、腰大肌和股二头肌三种肌肉组织中JAZF1基因mRNA表达量。结果表明:随着日龄的增长,JAZF1基因在三种肌肉中呈现逐渐下降的表达趋势。大白猪25d腰大肌和股二头肌、70d股二头肌中的表达量显著高于山西黑猪(P<0.05)。三种肌肉中的表达量比较发现,JAZF1基因在两个品种腰大肌中表达量最高,其次是股二头肌,背最长肌表达量最低。结果表明JAZF1基因在肌肉发育和肌内脂肪沉积过程中起着很重要的作用。本研究结果可为探索肌肉发育及肌内脂肪沉积相关研究提供理论参考和研究基础。  相似文献   

3.
采用荧光定量PCR技术,联合分析了不同日龄(28、49、70、91和112日龄)武定鸡载脂蛋白B基因(APOB)、脂肪酸转运蛋白1基因(FATP1)和脂肪分化相关蛋白基因(ADFP)在皮脂、腹脂、肝脏、胸肌等组织中的表达量变化,及其与活重、皮脂厚、冠重等脂肪性状形成的相关性。结果显示,ADFP基因在腹脂49日龄时的表达量显著低于28、70、91和112日龄(P0.05),及该基因在112日龄时胸肌中的表达量显著高于皮脂、腹脂和肝脏(P0.05);FATP1基因在28日龄时胸肌中的相对表达量显著高于皮脂、腹脂和肝脏(P0.05);APOB基因在肝脏49日龄时的表达量显著高于28、70和91日龄(P0.05),并且该基因在49、70、91和112日龄时肝脏中的表达量显著高于皮脂、腹脂和胸肌(P0.05)。ADFP基因和APOB基因在皮脂中的表达存在显著相关(P0.05),ADFP基因和FATP1基因在肝脏中的表达存在显著相关(P0.05),推断这三个脂肪沉积相关基因可能在武定鸡脂肪性状的形成过程中具有协同调控作用。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在阐明藏鸡Chemerin及其受体ChemR23基因的组织和时序表达谱,分析这两个基因mRNA表达水平对肌内脂肪沉积的影响。以孵化0~210日龄的藏鸡为材料,采用RT-PCR方法克隆Chemerin与ChemR23基因,利用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术检测两个基因在不同组织及不同发育阶段的表达情况,并将基因表达量与肌内脂肪含量进行相关分析。结果表明,Chemerin与ChemR23基因共同表达于藏鸡所有被检测的组织中,且Chemerin主要在肝、脂肪、肺和肾等组织中表达,而ChemR23在脂肪组织中的表达量最高(P0.01)。Chemerin与ChemR23在不同发育阶段胸肌和脂肪组织中的表达无性别差异,均在孵化0日龄的胸肌中表达水平最高,在154日龄的皮下脂肪组织中表达水平最高。Chemerin与ChemR23基因在腿肌中的表达存在性别差异,Chemerin与ChemR23在119日龄母鸡腿肌中的表达水平极显著高于其他几个时期(P0.01);但Chemerin在0和210日龄公鸡腿肌中的表达水平极显著高于其他几个时期(P0.01),ChemR23在210日龄公鸡腿肌表达水平最高(P0.01)。Chemerin与ChemR23mRNA表达量与胸肌IMF含量呈正相关,Chemerin基因mRNA表达水平与腿肌IMF含量呈负相关,ChemR23基因mRNA表达水平与公鸡腿肌IMF含量呈负相关,与母鸡腿肌IMF含量呈正相关。研究结果提示,Chermerin及其受体ChemR23基因可能在藏鸡生长发育过程中对肌内脂肪沉积发挥重要作用,本研究结果为进一步阐明Chermerin及其受体ChemR23基因在藏鸡脂肪代谢中的生物学功能奠定基础。  相似文献   

5.
为探究中链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(ACADM)基因在不同品种猪组织中的表达水平,并分析其与猪脂肪沉积性状的相关性,采用Sanger测序法对藏猪(58头)和大约克猪(60头)ACADM基因起始密码子上游1 kb区域进行了单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)筛选与基因分型,选取180日龄藏猪和大约克猪各10头屠宰后分别采集肝脏、背脂、心脏和背最长肌组织,利用RT-qPCR技术检测了ACADM基因的表达水平,同时测定其背膘厚和背最长肌组织中肌内脂肪含量。结果显示:在ACADM基因起始密码子上游1 kb区域,存在C-101G和C-569G这2个突变位点,藏猪与大约克猪等位基因频率呈极显著差异(P<0.01);在藏猪与大约克猪的肝脏、背脂、背最长肌和心脏组织中ACADM基因表达趋势完全一致,藏猪极显著高于大约克猪(P<0.01);经ACADM基因表达量与背膘厚、肌内脂肪含量相关性分析发现,ACADM基因mRNA相对表达量与背膘厚和肌内脂肪含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。通过以上结果推测这2个突变位点可能是调控ACADM基因表达的重要功能位点,从而导致猪脂肪沉积性状的差异。本研究为进一步开展ACADM基因对猪脂肪沉积的调控机制研究提供了重要支撑。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在探究Pax7(paired box 7)基因在猪不同组织中的表达特征及其在背最长肌中的发育性表达规律.采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术和Western blotting技术检测了Pax7基因在1日龄马身猪心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、小肠、下丘脑、小脑、背最长肌、腰大肌、股二头肌12种组织中的mRNA和蛋白质表达谱,以及马身猪和大白猪从出生1日龄到180日龄7个发育阶段(1、30、60、90、120、150、180日龄)背最长肌中的发育性表达规律.结果表明,Pax7基因mRNA在背最长肌、腰大肌、股二头肌、下丘脑和小脑组织中表达,而Pax7蛋白仅在背最长肌、腰大肌和股二头肌中表达.背最长肌中Pax7基因mRNA和蛋白质的发育性表达趋势在马身猪和大白猪中基本一致.在mRNA水平上,30日龄的表达量最高,极显著高于其他日龄(P <0.01);1日龄的表达量次之;其他日龄维持低表达的稳定状态.Pax7蛋白表达量在1日龄时最高,极显著高于其他日龄(P <0.01);30日龄次之;其他日龄维持低表达的稳定状态.从出生1日龄到180日龄,马身猪背最长肌中Pax7蛋白的表达量均显著或极显著地高于大白猪(P <0.05;P <0.01).Pax7 基因的表达与组织、日龄及品种的遗传背景有关.  相似文献   

7.
猪肌纤维性状形成和肌内脂肪沉积的遗传机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
近年来,通过改变肌纤维性状和肌内脂肪含量改善猪肌肉品质成为科学家们研究的热点。肌纤维性状形成和肌内脂肪沉积是内因与外因共同作用的结果。作者对猪肌纤维性状形成和和肌内脂肪沉积的遗传机制进行了综述,以期寻求调控及改善猪肌肉品质的方法。猪肌纤维性状形成和肌内脂肪沉积的遗传机制非常复杂,受基因、转录因子及信号通路的复杂网络调控。猪肌纤维的生长发育主要受生肌决定因子（myogenic determinant,MyoD）基因家族和肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因一正一负协同调控。能量感应网络AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α在猪肌纤维类型转化中起重要作用。脂肪沉积相关基因的表达量与猪肌内脂肪沉积有密切关系。随着分子生物技术的不断发展,许多与肌纤维性状形成和肌内脂肪沉积的相关基因已被鉴定出来,有助于进一步揭示猪肌纤维性状形成和肌内脂肪沉积的遗传机制。  相似文献   

8.
为探究钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因在从江香猪组织中的时序表达规律,实验采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测1、3、6、9、12月龄从江香猪心肌、肝脏、骨骼肌、背最长肌和脂肪5个组织中CAST基因mRNA的表达情况,并采用RT-PCR方法对贵州从江香猪CAST编码区基因进行克隆。结果表明:CAST基因在不同年龄阶段从江香猪的不同组织中均有表达,在幼龄阶段从江香猪的肝脏中CAST基因的表达量极显著低于其他组织,成年后CAST基因在心脏、骨骼肌、背最长肌中的表达量显著增加;6月龄时在心脏中的表达量极显著高于其他组织,9月龄和12月龄在骨骼肌中的表达量极显著高于其他组织,在脂肪中的表达量一直较低;CAST基因在3月龄和12月龄时各组织表达量均较低,在1月龄、6月龄和9月龄时各组织表达量均较高。本研究结果说明CAST基因对从江香猪肌肉剪切力及嫩度具有一定的调控作用。  相似文献   

9.
为探究LYRM1与LYRM2基因在白洗猪及其杂交一代(杜洛克与白洗猪的杂交一代,DBF1)不同组织中的表达水平,寻找白洗猪和DBF1猪脂肪沉积候选基因。本实验以10月龄白洗猪和DBF1猪为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR法对白洗猪和DBF1猪心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、皮下脂肪、背最长肌的2个基因相对表达水平进行检测。结果表明:LYRM1与LYRM2基因在白洗猪和DBF1猪的8个组织中均有表达,且表达趋势趋于一致;LYRM1、LYRM2基因在白洗猪与DBF1猪皮下脂肪组织中高表达,在背最长肌低表达;LYRM1基因在白洗猪皮下脂肪组织中的表达高于DBF1猪,LYRM2基因在白洗猪皮下脂肪组织中的表达量显著高于DBF1猪(P0.05)。综上所述,推测LYRM1与LYRM2基因可能为白洗猪和DBF1猪脂肪沉积的候选基因。  相似文献   

10.
旨在获得藏鸡KLF15基因序列,阐明其组织和时序表达谱,并分析该基因表达与肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的关系。本研究选取1、81、119、154、210日龄健康公母藏鸡各5只为试验动物,利用RT-PCR技术克隆KLF15基因,利用生物信息学软件分析基因生物学特征,利用实时荧光定量PCR(fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR)检测KLF15基因在藏鸡不同组织、不同发育阶段的表达谱,并分析其表达水平与肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量的相关性。结果显示,克隆得到藏鸡KLF15基因序列长度为1 288bp(GenBank登录号:KY747450),开放阅读框为1 212bp,编码403个氨基酸,是具有3个锌指结构的亲水不稳定碱性蛋白质。藏鸡KLF15基因与原鸡的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性均为99%。KLF15mRNA在藏鸡各个组织中广泛表达,但在肺组织中表达水平最高,极显著高于其他组织(P<0.01)。KLF15mRNA在1日龄藏鸡胸肌组织中的表达水平高于其他各日龄段,并随着日龄的增长呈下降趋势;在119日龄腿肌组织中的表达水平最高,且整体表达水平的变化都呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势。藏鸡公鸡154日龄前KLF15基因的表达水平与其对应的IMF含量呈正相关,154日龄以后则呈负相关;藏鸡母鸡在各个日龄段则主要表现为微弱的负相关。上述结果为进一步揭示KLF15基因在藏鸡IMF沉积中的作用提供重要数据。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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