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1.
邢婧 《水产学报》2005,29(2):145-149
采用石蜡切片和单克隆抗体的免疫组化方法,研究栉孔扇贝稚贝血细胞的分布和造血组织的定位。两种方法所得结果一致：在稚贝的外套膜、鳃、消化盲囊、闭壳肌、肾等处观察到大量血细胞,心脏位于消化腺与闭壳肌之间,闭壳肌、消化盲囊、肾等附近有血窦,血管分布于消化腺、胃、肾、直肠等处,有三个血窦,闭壳肌附近有一膨大突出的囊状组织,外被一层致密的结缔组织薄膜,其内壁血细胞密布层叠,分裂增生,形态多样,腔内充满了基质,靠近闭壳肌一侧有管道相通,并向闭壳肌等器官不断输送成熟的血细胞,该组织结构特点类似血细胞生发中心,并随着扇贝的生长发育逐渐膨大增生,据其结构特点及内部血细胞的形态、分布及免疫特性可初步定为栉孔扇贝稚贝的造血组织。  相似文献   

2.
以栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri为研究对象,暴露于不同浓度HgCl2溶液35d后,转入自然海水中净化30d,检测不同时间点栉孔扇贝全组织中总汞与甲基汞含量,研究二者在栉孔扇贝组织中积累与净化情况.实验采用Kahle的双箱模型,数据处理采用两组不同动力学参数的双曲线毒性动力学模型.拟合发现,总汞和甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累与净化规律符合双箱动力学模型;浓度低于2μg/L的汞溶液对栉孔扇贝的慢性毒性较小;各实验组暴露35d后栉孔扇贝组织中的总汞含量达到最高,暴露浓度与扇贝组织内的总汞积累量呈正比例关系.总汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的富集高峰出现在第35天,与理论点一致,而甲基汞富集高峰出现在40d后,有延迟现象;对比总汞和甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累与净化动力学参数发现,总汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的积累因子（BCF）总体上大于甲基汞在栉孔扇贝组织内的BCF;汞与甲基汞在扇贝组织内的BCF和生物学半衰期（B1/2）与暴露液浓度均呈正相关关系;海水环境中总汞浓度低于0.064 8μg/L时,对栉孔扇贝的食品安全性无影响（以甲基汞为限量）.  相似文献   

3.
本研究优化了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃细胞制备方法和原代培养条件,采用3种细胞活性检测技术,比较分析了苯并(a)芘(B[α]P)对栉孔扇贝鳃细胞的毒性作用。结果显示,栉孔扇贝鳃组织在1%青霉素–链霉素(双抗)和庆大霉素消毒10~30 min内,原代培养鳃细胞存活率无明显差异。消毒30 min时,镜检无染菌现象,细胞状态良好。胰蛋白酶消化时间对鳃细胞收获量影响显著,在消化15~25 min内,鳃细胞存活率较高,胰蛋白酶的最佳消化时间为25 min。在150~300 g相对离心力作用下,鳃细胞形态和存活率存在明显差异,在150 g时,存活率和细胞完整性较好。添加胎牛血清(5%~20%)在6~12 h内鳃细胞存活率无显著变化,培养24 h时,5%和20%处理组存活率显著下降,10%和15%处理组存活率无明显变化。台盼蓝拒染法细胞活性检测表明,B[α]P对栉孔扇贝鳃细胞活性无明显影响;CCK8试剂法得出,仅在16 μg/mL最高浓度下,鳃细胞活性受到显著抑制;而中性红比色法显示,鳃细胞毒性作用与B[α]P浓度、染毒时间呈正相关性。研究表明,栉孔扇贝鳃细胞最佳制备方法：消毒30 min、胰蛋白酶消化25 min、相对离心力为150 g、原代培养基添加10%胎牛血清为最佳。同时,中性红比色法可以作为评价B[α]P对栉孔扇贝鳃细胞毒性的敏感指标。  相似文献   

4.
研究了4种质量浓度（0．5μg／L、1μg／L、10μg／L、50μg／L）PCB1254暴露下,栉孔扇贝（Chlamys ferrari）消化盲囊和鳃丝7-乙氧基-3-异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶（EROD）、谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）活力的变化。于实验开始后0、0．5d、1d、3d、6d、9d、15d、21d、30d取样测定,结果显示,除鳃丝EROD活力在低质量浓度（0．5μg／L和1．0μg/L）随时间变化不明显（P〉0．05）外,其他各处理组PCB1254对栉孔扇贝消化盲囊和鳃丝的EROD都具有明显的激活作用,而且具有明显的剂量-效应关系。低浓度（0．5μg/L、1．0μg/L）处理下,消化盲囊和鳃丝的GST活力都呈现激活的趋势,而高浓度（10μg/L、50μg/L）下,GST活力都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且鳃丝GST活力变化幅度较为明显。结果表明,EROD和GST活力的变化在一定程度上能够反应PCBs对栉孔扇贝影响的规律性,是合适的毒理学指标,栉孔扇贝是比较好的评价多氯联苯污染的指示生物,本研究也对栉孔扇贝对多氯联苯的生物转化机制作了初步的探讨。[中国水产科学,2008,15（2）：342-346]  相似文献   

5.
铜在栉孔扇贝组织蓄积、分配、排放的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
采用暴露实验方法,研究了海水中铜离子在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律。结果表明:铜浓度为0.05 mg/L时,各组织内铜蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大,第13天均达吸收平衡,此时铜蓄积量(mg/kg干重)为:鳃79.65>内脏58.40>肌肉15.99;蓄积速率(mg/kg.d)为:鳃4.830>内脏4.800>肌肉1.000。将达到吸收平衡后的栉孔扇贝移入清洁海水中,排放结果表明:随排放时间增加,各组织铜离子蓄积量明显下降,第17天时各组织铜排出率为:鳃97.68%>内脏96.50%>肌肉73.60%;排出速率为(mg/kg.d)为:鳃3.820>内脏3.210>肌肉0.740。海水中铜浓度对铜蓄积量有明显影响,随着铜浓度升高,各组织内铜蓄积量明显上升,其中内脏团的蓄积量最大;表明栉孔扇贝的内脏团具有较高的蓄积重金属铜的能力。  相似文献   

6.
研究了4 种质量浓度(0.5 μg/L、1 μg/L、10μg/L、50 μg/L)PCB1254 暴露下,栉孔扇贝(Chlamys ferrari) 消化盲囊和鳃丝7- 乙氧基-3- 异吩唑酮- 脱乙基酶(EROD)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST) 活力的变化。于实验开始后0、0.5 d、1 d、3 d、6 d、9 d、15 d、21 d、30 d 取样测定,结  相似文献   

7.
栉孔扇贝对重金属的富集效应研究   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  
马元庆  张秀珍  孙玉增  靳洋  刘义豪  孙珊  魏潇 《水产学报》2010,34(10):1572-1578
2009年6-12月在烟台四十里湾某栉孔扇贝养殖区进行现场监测,研究结果表明,栉孔扇贝对重金属的富集有明显的选择性,对Cd的富集系数高达25 495,对铜富集系数为1 453,对铅的富集系数为258。对镉的富集与其生长周期呈显著正相关,而Cu、Pb随其生长时间的增加在体内的增加趋势并不明显。栉孔扇贝各组织中重金属Cd的含量具有明显差异,闭壳肌中Cd含量仅为内脏团中的1/5。研究发现,栉孔扇贝的主要饵料浮游植物对重金属Cd的富集效率远大于Pb、Cu,滤食浮游植物是栉孔扇贝富集重金属的主要途径。文中还对栉孔扇贝的人体消费标准进行了初步研究,给出了人体消费参考量。  相似文献   

8.
栉孔扇贝不同组织中镉的微区分布特征及其变化规律   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
为阐明扇贝特异性富集镉(Cd)的机理,研究了栉孔扇贝不同组织中Cd的微区分布特征,并结合Cd的生物动力学实验研究了其变化规律。结果显示空白对照组栉孔扇贝内脏、鳃和性腺组织的Cd主要分布在类金属硫蛋白(MTLP)和细胞器中,闭壳肌组织中Cd主要分布在MTLP(占84.6%)。在Cd的富集实验中,内脏和鳃组织中MTLP和富含金属颗粒(MRG)中Cd的含量和所占百分比升高最显著,而细胞器中Cd的百分比明显下降;性腺组织中MTLP、细胞器和MRG组分中Cd的含量均明显升高,其中MRG中Cd的百分比升高,MTLP和细胞器中Cd的百分比逐渐下降;闭壳肌组织中MTLP和MRG中Cd的含量均显著上升,其中MRG组分中Cd的百分比显著升高。在释放Cd的实验中,内脏和鳃组织的MTLP中Cd的含量显著下降,而细胞器、热敏感蛋白(HSP)和MRG中Cd的含量和所占百分比逐渐升高,性腺组织各亚细胞组分中Cd含量均明显下降,但各亚细胞组分中Cd的百分比变化不明显;闭壳肌组织MTLP和MRG中Cd的含量下降,且MRG组分中Cd所占的百分比不断下降。本研究首次表明栉孔扇贝不同组织中Cd在亚细胞组分中的分布特征不同,并且在富集和释放Cd的过程中,内脏和鳃组织中的Cd在各亚细胞组分中不断发生调节和重新分配。  相似文献   

9.
本文通过石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的急性毒性试验,经SPSS的probit分析结果表明,石油烃分散液对华贵栉孔扇贝的24 h LC50、48 h LC50、72 h LC50和96 h LC50浓度依次是233．08、147．30、81．67和75．16 mg/L,安全浓度Sc是17．65 mg/L。通过生物富集试验结果显示,华贵栉孔扇贝在120 h内对石油烃的富集效果与浓度和时间成正比。石油烃分散液胁迫下对华贵栉孔扇贝血清中POD、 SOD酶活的影响呈现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的特征,并对其肝、鳃组织AKP酶活性具有促进作用。  相似文献   

10.
栉孔扇贝对海水中Pb积累排放规律研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
研究了海水中Pb在栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律及海水中不同浓度Pb对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织蓄积量的影响。结果表明:Pb浓度为0.5mg/L时,各组织内Pb蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大,第9天均达吸收平衡,此时Pb蓄积量(mg/kg干重)为鳃(1356)>内脏(226.6)>肌肉(52.14);蓄积速率(mg/kg·d-1)为鳃(178.3)>内脏(37.30)>肌肉(10.48)。将达到吸收平衡后的栉孔扇贝移入清洁海水中排放结果表明:随排放时间增加各组织铅蓄积量明显下降,第16天时各组织铅排出率为:鳃(96.69%)>内脏(92.09%)>肌肉(71.20)%;排出速率为(mg/kg·d-1):鳃(81.98)>内脏(10.09)>肌肉(3.001)。海水中Pb浓度对Pb蓄积量有明显影响,随着Pb浓度升高,各组织内Pb蓄积量明显上升,其中鳃的蓄积量最大,表明:双壳类软体动物的鳃具有较高的蓄积重金属的能力,并且海水中Pb浓度能提高Pb的生物有效性。  相似文献   

11.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
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14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

16.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.  相似文献   

18.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

19.
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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