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我国自1979年首次发现传染性法氏囊病(IBD)以来，IBD已成为严重威胁我国养鸡业的重要疫病之一。IBD病毒(IBDV)在上世纪70年代后期到80年代表现为强毒型，自90年代初开始出现超强毒型IBDV。目前该病在流行过程中，病原的毒力发生了变化，加上鸡群中免疫水平不一致，导致该病临床症状和病理变化等方面出现非典型化趋势，给诊断和防制带来了许多麻烦。 相似文献
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传染性法氏囊病免疫失败原因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。IBD疫苗的使用 ,曾使本病一度得到控制 ,但进入 80年代中期后 ,由于 IBDV变异株和超强毒 (vv IBDV)的出现 ,经常导致免疫失败。虽然各国学者在 IBD疫苗的研究上取得了巨大成就 ,均未能从根本上扭转IBD流行日趋严重的现状 ,这可能与各地本病的流行病学、IBD疫苗本身质量、疫苗毒株的特点、疫苗的选择、鸡群的母源抗体、管理条件等诸多因素紧密相关 ,本文就 IBD免疫失败原因及机制做一探讨。1 IBDV变异株和 vv IBDV与免疫失败1985年 ,… 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2020,(9)
为研究已免疫传染性法氏囊病(IBD)疫苗的蛋鸡群发生非典型IBD的原因,从2019年检测为传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)阳性的病料中进行病毒分离,并对分离株进行生物学特性测定。结果显示,从5份阳性病料中分离到5株IBDV,5株分离株均不致死SPF鸡,剖检后仅发现法氏囊萎缩,无其它典型病变;对5株分离株VP2基因的遗传进化分析发现,5株IBDV均属于新型变异株分支,而且5株IBDV分离株均具有IBDV变异株的特征性氨基酸位点222T、249K、286I、318D,另外也具有新型变异株的独特氨基酸位点221K、252I和299S;攻毒保护试验表明,使用当前的IBD灭活疫苗对IBDV经典强毒株可提供100%保护,对2019年分离的IBDV流行株保护率为50%~80%。研究提示,IBDV新型变异株已在部分蛋鸡群中流行,而且当前疫苗不能对鸡群提供完全保护,有必要研发用来预防IBDV新型变异株感染的疫苗。 相似文献
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根据对大肠杆菌抗体反应的高低分离筛选 2种实验肉鸡并分别饲养。这些鸡群的抗体反应是用抗传染性法氏囊病毒 ( Infection Bursal diseaseVirus IBDV)的商品疫苗 (完全灭活病毒 ,WIV)或用 IBDV的结构蛋白 VP2、VP3制成的疫苗免疫测得 ,测试用致病性攻毒后鸡群的抵抗力。本实验采用 2 1 3只来自于 HH群体和 L L群体的第 1 0代公、母雏鸡。 1 5日龄母源抗体消失后 ,将来自每1群的雏鸡随机分成 4组 ,并且分别注射 WIV、WP2、VP3和佐剂 (阴性对照 ) ,免疫后再饲养 1 8d,ELISA法测定鸡群的抗体效价 ,1 0 d后给鸡群攻 IBDV强毒株 … 相似文献
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我国自1979年首次发现传染性法氏囊病(IBD)以来,IBD已成为严重威胁我国养鸡业的重要疫病之一.IBD病毒(IBDV)在上世纪70年代后期到80年代表现为强毒型,自90年代初开始出现超强毒型IBDV.目前该病在流行过程中,病原的毒力发生了变化,加上鸡群中免疫水平不一致,导致该病临床症状和病理变化等方面出现非典型化趋势,给诊断和防制带来了许多麻烦. 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献