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抗菌肽因广谱抗菌性、热稳定性、不易产生耐药性等优点成为极具潜力的抗生素替代物。然而,天然抗菌肽活性差、毒性高、合成成本昂贵等问题限制了其进一步应用。近年来,天然抗菌肽的分子改造与设计成为国内外学者的研究热点。鱼类是天然抗菌肽的重要来源,本文综述了近年来鱼源抗菌肽的作用机制、分子设计与优化策略和在水产养殖中的应用,旨在提供对鱼源抗菌肽的全面了解和认识,为鱼源抗菌肽的开发和应用提供新思路。 相似文献
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抗菌肽的生物活性及在畜牧生产中的应用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年来，由于抗生素的滥用而不时地引起耐药菌的出现，而且出现的频率超过新型抗生素的开发速度，以至于给感染性疾病的治疗带来诸多新的问题。抗菌肽作为传统抗生素的可能替代物以其无比优越的特性越来越成为人们关注的热点。本文综述了抗菌肽的分类与特征、生物活性，并阐述了抗菌肽在畜牧业的应用前景。 相似文献
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抗菌肽的研究现状与展望 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
耐药性细菌的出现致使现有抗菌药物对细菌感染治疗的疗效低下或无效,形成的危害日益严重,迫切需要开发出新型的抗菌制剂。高效、低毒、广谱的抗菌肽作为最有希望代替抗生素的新药制剂倍受国内外科研工作者的关注,成为当前的研究热点。本文综述了抗菌肽的生物学特性,生物学活性及其作用机制,抗菌肽的筛选策略,分析了影响抗菌肽应用中存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial peptides play a pivotal role as key effectors of the innate immune system in plants and animals and act as endogenous antibiotics. The molecules exhibit an antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotic pathogens with different specificities and potencies depending on the structure and amino-acid composition of the peptides. Several antimicrobial peptides were comprehensively investigated in the last three decades and some molecules with remarkable antimicrobial properties have reached the third phase of clinical studies. Next to the peptides themselves, numerous organisms were examined and analyzed regarding their repertoire of antimicrobial peptides revealing a huge number of candidates with potencies and properties for future medical applications. One of these organisms is the horse, which possesses numerous peptides that are interesting candidates for therapeutical applications in veterinary medicine. Here we summarize investigations and knowledge on equine antimicrobial peptides, point to interesting candidates, and discuss prospects for therapeutical applications. 相似文献
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抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽,是生物先天性免疫的重要组成成份,具有广谱抗菌作用并且不易产生耐药性。抗菌肽作为饲料添加剂有促生长、防病以及可提高机体免疫力的作用;作为兽药可治疗各类细菌性、病毒性疾病以及各类寄生虫疾病;抗菌肽在畜禽养殖上的功能正在逐渐被开发,有望被开发成为抗生素替代品而广泛应用于畜禽养殖业。本文就家畜来源的抗菌肽从结构、用途和作用机制以及在畜牧兽医领域中的应用进行系统的分析与讨论。 相似文献
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随着养殖业的迅速发展，兽用抗菌药物的应用越来越广泛，但由于抗菌药物的不合理选择与滥用导致细菌对抗菌药物的耐药率在逐渐提高，几乎所有细菌都获得耐药基因。目前，细菌耐药已成为一个全球性问题，并且临床上，疾病病因复杂，常表现为多种病原菌的继发感染和混合感染，单一用药往往难以有效控制疾病，严重危害养殖业发展。抗菌药物的联合用药可以提升药物的治疗效果，缓解或减少不良反应，降低细菌耐药性发生率，对混合感染或不能进行细菌学诊断的病例，联合用药还可扩大抗菌范围。而药物代谢动力学（PK）与药效学（PD）结合模型可以有效综合药物、机体和致病菌之间的相互关系，为临床提供合理用药方案。因此，作者通过介绍联合用药的优势与问题，抗菌药物PK/PD的分类及PK/PD对联合用药给药方案的优化与指导，总结现阶段兽药抗菌药物联合用药的PK-PD研究进展，以期促进兽医临床抗菌药物的合理使用。 相似文献
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细菌耐药性产生的原因、机制及防治措施 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
20世纪40年代青霉素的问世将人类带入了抗生素时代,抗感染治疗由此进入了新纪元,感染性疾病的病死率大大降低。半个世纪以来,人类一直把抗菌药物作为抗感染治疗最有力的武器。然而随着抗菌药物的广泛应用,感染性疾病的治疗又遇到了新的挑战——细菌对抗生素产生了耐药性,而此种耐药性表现为抗菌药物使用得越多耐药性亦变得越严重。目前已发现某些细菌对现有的几乎全部抗菌药物产生耐药,超级细菌的出现使人类有可能再次回到面临感染而无药可医的困境,控制细菌耐药性的增长已成为医学界乃至全人类的当务之急。正在逐渐建立自己的细菌耐药监测网络,监测细菌耐药的流行状况和规律,研究细菌产生耐药性的机制。 相似文献
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J R Walton 《The Veterinary record》1988,122(11):249-251
The results of large scale surveys have indicated that in general terms antibiotic resistance in bacteria has not increased, especially in Europe and North America. When the prevalence of resistance in specific bacteria has increased the increase has usually been associated with the introduction of a novel antimicrobial agent, whether in human or veterinary clinical practice, but the prevalence of resistance that is recognised may be very small. It would appear that the use of antibiotics in livestock farming during the past 20 years has not compromised public health. Any problems in human medicine which are due to bacterial resistance have resulted from the use of antibiotics in man and not from their use in agriculture. Similarly, any problems in veterinary medicine which are due to bacterial resistance have resulted from the use of antibiotics in animals and not from their use in man. 相似文献
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The harm for livestock and poultry production caused by Mycoplasma infection has got widespread attention of researchers in the world. The practical ways to control the disease in order to reduce economic loss through Mycoplasma infection is the extensive use of antibiotics. Many groups of antibiotics including tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones have been shown to be effective to Mycoplasma. Clinical practice shows many Mycoplasma isolated from livestock and poultry are characterized not only by single drug resistance but also by multiple antibiotic resistance due to the legacy of past decades of antimicrobial misuse, which threat the livestock and poultry production health. This paper reviews the mechanism of anti-Mycoplasma medicines through the alterations in the targets, the formation of efflux pump system, and the generation of inactivated enzymes of antibiotics, which provide theoretical basis and strategies for establishing resistance testing system, rational drug use and development of new drugs. 相似文献