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采用纸片扩散法,系统测试了3株致病性拟态弧菌对8类23种抗菌药物的敏感性与联合用药的敏感性。结果显示:氨基糖甙类、头孢类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类等多种抗菌药物对病原弧菌均有抑制或杀死作用。庆大霉素与四环素类、头孢类、喹诺酮类、红霉素或氯霉素联用以及多粘菌素与头孢类、喹诺酮类、红霉素或氯霉素联用均表现出一定程度的累加或协同作用;同时,采用琼脂平板扩散法从9株非致病菌中筛选对致病性拟态弧菌具有拮抗作用的益生菌并对其抑菌活性进行测定。结果显示:HX-01和HX-05两株细菌的菌液和无细胞上清液对3株致病性拟态弧菌均具有拮抗作用。在拮抗菌—病原菌混合体系中,病原菌经24 h培养,菌数由原来的105CFU/mL增至2ⅹ108CFU/mL,但从第2天开始,随着拮抗菌产生的抗性产物浓度的增加,菌数快速下降,至第6天病原菌完全被杀死。而拮抗菌培养至第6天,菌数仍保持较高水平(2ⅹ107CFU/mL)。表明这两株拮抗菌对致病性拟态弧菌具有较强的拮抗作用。经数值鉴定法确定两株拮抗菌均为产碱杆菌。 相似文献
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短小芽孢杆菌X93及胞外产物抑菌活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从健康养殖大黄鱼肠道中筛选出对病原弧菌有拮抗作用的潜在益生菌株X93,利用细菌快速鉴定系统和16S rDNA方法进行细菌种类鉴定;通过点种法对其抗菌谱进行测定;采用平板扩散法,研究了培养时间、温度、盐度、蛋白酶K和Fe3+等因素对其胞外产物抑菌活性的影响。结果显示:该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌(GenBank accession No.HM137033);对20株病原指示菌中的13株均产生不同程度的抑制作用,抗菌谱较广;菌株培养48 h后的胞外产物抑菌作用最强;在pH为7时,抑菌活性最大;达到最大抑菌活性的温度和盐度分别为28 ℃、5;蛋白酶K和不同浓度的FeCl3均会降低其抑菌活性。该菌对病原弧菌、迟缓爱德华菌和嗜水气单胞菌等水产上常见主要致病菌有良好的拮抗效果,且具有抑菌作用的胞外产物对温度、盐度和Fe3+有一定的适应范围,适宜作为益生菌株,有望在实际养殖环境中得到应用。 相似文献
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泥鳅鳃出血病是泥鳅养殖过程中的易发疾病,自病灶部位分离到优势病原菌JY5,随后自发病泥鳅养殖池底泥分离到可抑制病原菌JY5生长的拮抗菌CJT23。通过对菌株JY5和CJT23进行菌落形态观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,初步判定病原菌JY5为维氏气单胞菌,拮抗菌CJT23为边缘假单胞菌。对边缘假单胞菌CJT23进行药敏试验,结果表明,该菌对环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、链霉素、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明6种药物表现出敏感及中敏,提示在使用边缘假单胞菌CJT23防治泥鳅鳃出血病时应避免使用上述6种敏感及中敏抗生素;拮抗谱试验结果表明,边缘假单胞菌CJT23对病原菌维氏气单胞菌JY5、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌、创伤弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌表现出不同程度的抑菌性,其抑菌圈直径分别为(21.00±0.41)、(17.97±0.21)、(15.93±0.26)、(12.73±0.26)、(12.63±0.17)、(12.57±0.12) mm和(11.47±0.17) mm,而对豚鼠气单胞菌无抑菌效果。本试验结果可为泥鳅鳃出血病的生物防治提供基本材料依据,并为泥鳅的可持续性养... 相似文献
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采用平板生长抑制法对鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergiikuntze多酚化合物各分级组分进行抑菌活性研究。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内各分级组分对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、沙蚕弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌和四联微球菌等受试菌株均有抑菌活性。其中,分级组分I(Mr5.0×103)的抑菌效果优于其他组分,对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌和沙蚕弧菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为900μg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌和溶藻弧菌的MIC值为1 800μg/ml,对四联微球菌的MIC值为3 600μg/ml。另外,组分I(Mr5.0×103)显示出较好的热稳定性,在pH 3~4时对受试菌的抑菌活性最强。 相似文献
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利用海水双层平板法分离获得蛭弧菌LBd02-1,从基因水平上进行鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,蛭弧菌LBd02-1对嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、大肠杆菌和霍乱弧菌等革兰氏阴性菌有较好的裂解作用;对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌的裂解能力较弱。以鳗弧菌为宿主菌,探索了不同条件(温度、盐度、Ca2+、Mg2+)下蛭弧菌LBd02-1对鳗弧菌的裂解效果。试验结果表明,蛭弧菌LBd02-1在温度为25~30℃.盐度为10~30时,对鳗弧菌的裂解效果较佳;在Ca2+浓度为5~10 mmol/L、Mg2+浓度为0.5~2 mmol/L时,蛭弧菌LBd02-1的裂解能力也较好。 相似文献
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细菌QJ2对对虾病原性哈维氏弧菌的拮抗作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对气味黄杆菌(Flavobacteria ordoratum)QJ2及其去细胞上清液(CFS)对对虾病原性哈维氏弧菌(Virio harveyi)Z3G2、E022的拮抗作用进行了研究.QJ2的CFS对病原菌表现显著的拮抗性能,在6h内使数量为105 ～106cfu@mL-1的病原菌Z3G2、E022均降为0.经热、酸碱、蛋白酶处理的CFS,抑菌活性均有不同程度下降,结果为经60℃处理60min的CFS,经6h使Z3G2细菌数降为0,经15min使E022数量降为最低,为初始菌数的 63.0%经100℃处理10min,CFS使Z3G2和E022数量分别在1h和15min降为最低,各为初始菌数的23.7%和 72.1%;经pH4作用30min,CFS使Z3G2和E022数量分别在15min和1h降为最低,各为初始菌数的88.3%和 15.9%,而经pH12处理30min后,CFS没有使病原菌数下降,但使病原菌以比对照组细菌低的速率缓慢上升; 经蛋白酶K于37℃作用60min后,CFS在15min时使Z3G2和E022数量降为最低,各为初始菌数的15.0%和 66.1%.在人工水体中,QJ2活菌对病原菌也具有显著的拮抗性能,在24h内使Z3G2、E022数量下降到最低值,各下降了1.6、2.4 Log1o数量级.结果表明QJ2产生的抗性物质为细菌素,对病原性哈维氏弧菌具有良好的拮抗作用. 相似文献
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水产麻醉剂丁香酚具有良好的抑菌和杀菌作用,不仅对食源性致病菌具有良好的抑制作用,也对水产致病菌具有潜在的抑菌效力。为探讨丁香酚对水产养殖业主要致病菌的抑菌作用,文章初步开展了丁香酚对鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)的抑菌效果研究。丁香酚质量浓度为6 400μg·mL-1时,鳗弧菌培养平板中抑菌圈直径为(21.13±0.74) mm,表明鳗弧菌对此浓度的丁香酚表现为极敏。吸光度测定结果显示微孔中丁香酚质量浓度≥400μg·mL-1时弧菌没有生长,表明丁香酚对鳗弧菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为400μg·mL-1。取400μg·mL-1、800μg·mL-1和1 600μg·mL-1微孔中溶液涂抹于培养平板继续培养24 h,质量浓度≥800μg·mL-1时鳗弧菌没有生长,表明最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为800μg·mL-1。研究结果表明丁香酚对鳗弧菌具有良好的抑菌作用。 相似文献
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为探讨一株杀鱼假交替单胞菌 2515 Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (简称菌株 2515)在对虾养殖中的抗弧菌效果, 以鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)为指示菌, 以鳗弧菌的敏感抗生素新霉素为参比, 采用牛津杯打孔法, 比较了菌株 2515 与抗生素抗菌等效关系。设置浓度分别为 104 CFU/mL、105 CFU/mL、106 CFU/mL、107 CFU/mL 的菌株 2515 与鳗弧菌共培养, 评价了该菌对鳗弧菌的拮抗效果。将含量 103 CFU/g、105 CFU/g、107 CFU/g, 及 103 CFU/mL、 105 CFU/mL、107 CFU/mL 的菌株 2515 分别添加到对虾饲料和养殖水体中, 养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei), 分析了菌株 2515 对水体和对虾肠道细菌总数、弧菌数及对抗副溶血弧菌效果的影响。结果显示, 相同抗鳗弧菌效果条件下菌株 2515 数量与新霉素质量存在对应关系, 与鳗弧菌混合培养时, 浓度 106 CFU/mL 及 107 CFU/mL 的菌株 2515 对鳗弧菌表现出强的抑菌作用。饲料中添加菌株 2515 浓度 105 CFU/g 及 107 CFU/g 时能够显著降低对虾肠道中的弧菌数量(P < 0.05), 提高对虾养殖的存活率。采用副溶血弧菌(V. parahaemolyticus)攻毒, 显示在饲料中添加菌株 2515 浓度为 105 CFU/g 一组对虾死亡率最低, 为(43.3±5.8)%, 对副溶血弧菌的相对保护率达(53.7±6.2)%。结果表明, 在饲料和养殖水体中添加适宜浓度的菌株 2515 均能够提高凡纳滨对虾抗副溶血弧菌的能力, 降低对虾肠道内的弧菌数量。本研究结果为对虾养殖弧菌病生物防控提供了一种技术支撑。 相似文献
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2017年5月,从山东东营刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘底泥中分离获得49株乳酸菌。以刺参“腐皮综合征”的2株致病菌[灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)和假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens)]为指示菌进行拮抗作用实验,获得1株具有显著抑菌活性的乳酸菌CLY-5,对该菌株进行了生理生化实验、16S rDNA序列分析、生长特性及其对刺参的安全性研究。结果显示,菌株CLY-5对灿烂弧菌和假交替单胞菌具有较好的抑制作用,且菌株的胞内产物与胞外产物均具有抑菌效果,抑菌圈分别为20 、23 mm和27 、38 mm,胞外产物的拮抗作用优于胞内产物。利用该菌对刺参进行高浓度浸浴测试其安全性,浓度为1×109、1×108和1×107 CFU/ml,实验期间刺参状态良好,无死亡现象。16S rDNA序列分析表明,CLY-5与植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum NR117813.1)的相似性为100%,初步鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。菌株CLY-5在30℃~44℃、pH 6~8范围内生长较快,20 h进入对数生长期,28~32 h达到生长高峰。筛选的植物乳杆菌具有良好的抑菌能力,且其生长特性适应刺参池塘的养殖环境,为刺参疾病的生态防控及乳酸菌资源的开发提供应用数据参考。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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