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1.
选择来源、日龄相近,体重约18 kg的健康去势荣昌猪及DLY公猪各48头,分别随机分为6个重复。分别于20、35、50、80 kg及结束(荣昌猪100 kg、DLY 120 kg)体重时,每个重复选择1头猪只进行屠宰,测定胴体及肉质性状。结果表明:随着体重增加,屠宰率、背膘厚及眼肌面积呈直线或二次曲线上升,胴体瘦肉率呈直线或二次曲线下降,荣昌猪肌肉组织及脂肪组织的发育均早熟于DLY;肉质随体重的增加呈改进趋势,荣昌猪在80～100 kg阶段趋于成熟,DLY在100～120 kg阶段趋于成熟;荣昌猪与DLY胴体性状差异较大,背膘厚、眼肌面积及胴体瘦肉率均有显著或极显著的差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);肉质性状荣昌猪优于DLY猪。 相似文献
2.
猪背膘厚是遗传力较高的性状。背膘厚度可直接反应胴体品质及瘦肉率的高低,所以在生产和育种中十分重视对膘薄性状的选择。但实践证明,既使同一品种同一日龄的猪群,不同体重的猪背膘厚度是不同的。选育中,不同体重的猪就不好评定其胴体品质的优劣,从而给养猪生产和选育工作带来困难。因此必须将各头猪的体重校正到相同水准上评 相似文献
3.
皖南花猪的背膘厚度与胴体组成之相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了皖南花猪背膘厚度与胴体组成之间的相关性,并利用回归分析建立了背膘厚与胴体组成之间的最优回归方程。结果表明,去势对猪的肌肉大理石纹、pH和皮率没有影响,去势猪的多数性状明显大于未去势猪,但去势猪的骨率和瘦肉率却明显小于未去势猪,表明去势对猪的膘厚及胴体组成有明显的影响。不同位置的背膘厚之间呈显著的正相关,6~7膘厚和荐膘厚与骨率和脂肪率之间的相关显著(P<0.01),荐膘厚与瘦肉率之间呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),三点平均膘厚仅与脂肪率存在显著的相关,而与皮率、骨率及瘦肉率之间没有明显的相关关系。肉色、大理石纹和pH与皮率、骨率、瘦肉率和脂肪率之间的相关不明显。去势加强了膘厚与胴体皮率、骨率以及脂肪率之间的相关性,可以提高猪胴体重,但这种提高体现在胴体产脂能力的增强,而胴体的产瘦肉能力没有增加。 相似文献
4.
猪的背膘厚度具有较高的遗传力(h~2=0.5),且与胴体瘦肉率呈高的遗传相关(r_A=-0.5～-0.6),这已被国内外大量研究材料所证实。因而,猪育种工作者大都把猪的活体背膘厚作为瘦肉型猪选种的主选性状而纳入综合选择指数公式。同时,猪的活体背膘厚还是活体估测瘦肉率(量)的重要自变量。鉴于用来测量活猪背膘厚的仪器的种类和型号较多,而各种仪器的测定准确度又不尽一致,为此,本文拟对几种测膘仪的测试效果进行探讨。 相似文献
5.
为了研究大白猪主要胴体性能间的相互关系,选择16头活重100 kg左右的大白猪进行屠宰测定,计算了大白猪的屠宰率、胴体斜长、背膘厚、皮厚、眼肌面积、后腿比例以及瘦肉率等7个主要胴体性能指标,且计算了其相关系数并进行显著性检验,运用相关性分析及通径分析,分析了各胴体性能间的相互关系。结果显示,大白猪的屠宰率为75.11%,胴体斜长为82.19 cm,背膘厚为2.36 cm,皮厚为0.32 cm,眼肌面积为59.08 cm2,后腿比例为31.69%,瘦肉率为67.05%;相关性分析表明,瘦肉率与背膘厚、眼肌面积以及后腿比例呈极显著相关,背膘厚对整体的胴体性能有负效应;通过通径分析可知,后腿比例对瘦肉率的直接影响最大,背膘厚对瘦肉率的间接作用最强。该研究结果表明,大白猪具有优良的胴体性能,背膘厚、眼肌面积以及后腿比例是影响瘦肉率的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
选择四个屠宰体重区间对舍饲型合作猪12个胴体性状相关性进行了研究.结果表明:25～30 kg(即6月龄)屠宰,瘦肉率59.62 % ,屠宰率66.32%,具有皮薄(0.5 cm)、背膘薄(0.797 cm)、眼肌面积大(16.15 cm2)的特点,表明合作猪属于优良的瘦肉型小型猪.经分析可知,宰前活重与胴体重、眼肌面积,胴体重与屠宰率、眼肌面积呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01);宰前活重与屠宰率、背膘厚、骨率,胴体重与背膘厚、骨率,屠宰率与眼肌面积,背膘厚与眼肌面积,皮厚与后腿比例,眼肌面积与骨率,瘦肉率与皮率呈显著正相关(P＜0.05);背膘厚与瘦肉率,后腿比例与含脂率,瘦肉率与骨率存在显著负相关(P＜0.05).12个胴体性状指标经主成分分析可获得5个主成分因子,可代表胴体性状总变异量的87.025%. 相似文献
7.
《养猪》2016,(2)
选择4个屠宰体重区间对舍饲型合作猪胴体品质进行了研究。结果表明:25~30 kg屠宰,后腿丰满度理想,产肉性能高,瘦肉率59.62%,屠宰率66.315%,具有皮薄(0.5 cm)、背膘薄(0.797 cm)、眼肌面积大(16.15 cm2)的特点,属于优良的瘦肉型小型猪。宰前活重与胴体重、眼肌面积,胴体重与屠宰率、眼肌面积呈极显著正相关(P0.01);宰前活重与屠宰率、背膘厚、骨率,胴体重与背膘厚、骨率,屠宰率与眼肌面积,背膘厚与眼肌面积,皮厚与后腿比例,眼肌面积与瘦肉率、骨率,瘦肉率与皮率呈显著正相关(P0.05);背膘厚与瘦肉率,后腿比例与脂率,瘦肉率与骨率存在显著负相关(P0.05)。 相似文献
8.
为了探究民猪和大白猪胴体和肉质性状之间的差异,试验以民猪和大白猪为研究对象,在相同的饲养方式及饲养条件下,选取大白猪(日龄180 d)、民猪(日龄180 d和240 d)各6头屠宰,分别测定活体重、活体瘦肉率、背膘厚、眼肌面积等胴体性状;测定pH值、肉色、滴水损失、剪切力、肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状。结果表明：胴体性状同体重与同日龄民猪和大白猪比较变化趋势基本一致,民猪背膘厚显著高于大白猪,眼肌面积极显著低于大白猪,活体瘦肉率和生长速度显著低于大白猪;肉质性状同体重民猪和大白猪相比,民猪肌内脂肪含量极显著高于大白猪,滴水损失和剪切力极显著低于大白猪,肉色红度显著高于大白猪,肉色黄度、亮度和pH24h值与大白猪差异不显著;同日龄民猪肌内脂肪含量和肉色a*值显著高于大白猪,滴水损失和剪切力极显著低于大白猪,肉色黄度、亮度和pH24h值与大白猪差异不显著。说明民猪和大白猪具有较大的遗传基础差异,民猪生长速度慢、瘦肉率低,但肌内脂肪含量高、嫩度和保水性好、肉色鲜红,肉质明显优于大白猪。 相似文献
9.
选择江苏龙山亲和农牧有限公司4头长约二元杂交猪和6头杜长约三元杂交猪进行屠宰比较试验。结果表明,三元杂交猪平均膘厚比二元杂交猪显著减少,差异显著(P<0.05),后腿比例和板油比例差异极显著(P<0.01),屠宰率、眼肌面积、脂肪比例、胴体长和瘦肉率差异不显著(P>0.05)。对杜长约三元杂交猪进行瘦肉率与各胴体性状的相关性分析后发现,瘦肉率与眼肌面积、胴体重、屠宰率呈强正相关,而与脂肪比例呈强负相关。利用眼肌面积、平均膘厚、屠宰率分别建立了对胴体瘦肉率的回归方程,其中眼肌面积、平均膘厚对瘦肉率回归方程R=0.9417;平均膘厚、屠宰率对瘦肉率回归方程R=0.8540。 相似文献
10.
11.
Backfat thickness, carcass length, area of M. longissimus and carcass composition were determined for 253 Large White barrows and gilts to examine the genetic influence on the main characteristics of the carcass and the correlation of these traits with body measurements and fat characteristics at 8 d of age. Pigs were born to 32 sows mated to the same boar. At the age of 8 d, weight, body length and backfat thickness and cellularity were measured. Pigs were slaughtered at 95 and 145 kg live weight. Heritability and genetic correlations were estimated with dam component of variance. Higher adiposity of carcasses was noted for barrows than for gilts and for those animals slaughtered at the heavier vs at the lighter weight. High h2 values were observed for carcass length (.89 +/- .29), area of the M. longissimus (.67 +/- .26) and backfat thickness at the gluteus medius (.77 +/- .28). Percentage of commercial cuts also had high heritabilities. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between the characteristics at 8 d and backfat thickness, carcass length and M. longissimus area at slaughter were not statistically significant. However, significant phenotypic correlations were found between cellularity of the outer and inner layers at 8 d and percentage of major cuts (e.g., rp = .27 with total fat cuts); cellularity of the outer layer at 8 d also was correlated genetically with carcass composition (e.g., rg = .50 +/- .19 with total fat cuts). Genetic predisposition toward intensive fat deposition was more clearly predicted by cellularity than by thickness of adipose tissue in newborn pigs. 相似文献
12.
瘦肉型和脂肪型肥育猪胴体性状和肉质的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
选用体重为50 kg左右的宁乡猪和三元杂交猪各4头,屠宰后对其胴体性状、肉质及肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸组成和含量进行比较。结果表明,宁乡猪的胴体重、皮重、脂肪重、脂肪率和均膘厚均显著高于三元杂交猪,肌肉重、瘦肉率和眼肌面积显著低于三元杂交猪（P<0.05）;宁乡猪的肉色显著优于三元杂交猪（P<0.05）;贮存损失显著低于三元杂交猪（P<0.05）;三元杂交猪肌肉各氨基酸含量均高于宁乡猪（P>0.05）;宁乡猪背最长肌和半腱肌的油酸含量显著高于三元杂交猪（P<0.05）,而背最长肌硬脂酸和亚油酸含量及半腱肌亚油酸含量均显著低于三元杂交猪（P<0.05）。 相似文献
13.
Mass selection for an index of increased postweaning average daily gain and decreased backfat thickness was practiced for five generations. Litter size and weight for 221 gilt litters, birth weight and nipple number for 2,242 piglets and weaning weight at 42 d of age for 2,111 pigs were recorded. Carcass measurements were taken on 331 pigs. Differences between means of the lines (select control) were regressed on cumulative selection differential of the index. These regression coefficients were negative (P greater than .10) for total number born, number born alive, number weaned per litter, nipple number and carcass backfat thickness. Coefficients were positive (P greater than .10) for individual pig and litter weights at birth and weaning and for the carcass traits of length, longissimus muscle area and percentage of ham and loin. Absolute values of realized genetic correlations of index with traits evaluated were all .35 or less except the correlation with carcass backfat, which was -.84. None of these was significant; therefore, index selection for lean growth should have little effect on litter size and weight but may have a beneficial effect on carcass backfat. 相似文献
14.
本试验对五指山猪和长白猪胴体性状、肉质性状、背最长肌氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了分析,旨在探讨五指山猪肉和长白猪肉的肉品质差异。结果表明,长白猪宰前重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、屠宰率、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚及瘦肉率均极显著高于五指山猪(P<0.01);五指山猪肌内脂肪含量极显著高于长白猪(P<0.01),pH、熟肉率、滴水损失和剪切力差异不显著(P>0.05);五指山猪肉的鲜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量均极显著高于长白猪(P<0.01)。因此,五指山猪肉品质优于长白猪。 相似文献
15.
Recombinant porcine somatotropin alters performance and carcass characteristics of heavyweight swine and swine fed alternative feedstuffs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The efficacy of recombinantly derived porcine somatotropin (rpST) in improving the performance and carcass characteristics of heavyweight finishing pigs was determined. In Study 1, 36 pigs were killed for determination of initial carcass composition at 102 kg, and 36 pigs each were given 0, 1.5, 3, 6, or 9 mg of rpST/d from 102 to 136 kg live weight. Corn-soybean meal diets fed contained 19.8% CP and greater than 1% lysine. Study 2 tested the effects of 3 mg/d on pigs for 4 wk from 84 kg BW fed a corn-soybean meal or a triticale-barley-peas diet. Performance variables (ADG, average daily feed intake [ADFI], and feed efficiency [FE]) were measured weekly. Treatment with rpST increased (P less than .01) ADG and FE and decreased (P less than .01) ADFI in both studies. In Study 1, leaf fat, backfat thickness, belly thickness, and carcass fat were all decreased (P less than .01) linearly by rpST. Loin eye area (LEA), total trimmed lean, and total protein content were increased quadratically (P less than .01). At the 3-mg dose, ADFI, ADG, and FE were 87, 130, and 137% of control, and LEA, backfat, total protein gain, and total fat gain were 107, 80, 136, and 52% of control. Loin eye area was not increased (P greater than .05) in the pigs in Study 2; however, backfat thickness was reduced 16% by rpST (P less than .01). The effects of rpST were the same on both dietary regimens (P greater than .05). These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of rpST in increasing ADG and carcass leanness and improving FE in heavyweight pigs and in pigs fed alternative feedstuffs. 相似文献
16.
Brethour JR 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(11):3366-3372
Selection for growth and improved carcass merit has resulted in cattle that are variable in composition of gain during the finishing phase. This study assessed the relative performance among cattle with different levels of initial backfat thickness. It also exploited the ability to track carcass composition in the live animal with ultrasound estimates of backfat and marbling. A procedure was developed to partition and estimate relative efficiency of fat and protein gain. The trial periods were the last 43 or 50 d before slaughter and included 10 pens (average of 27 animals per pen) that ranged in average backfat thickness from 6.3 to 13.1 mm. There was no correlation (r2 = 0.0026) between average backfat thickness and G:F (g/kg of DMI). Correlations between average backfat thickness and ADG or DMI were also nearly zero (r2 = 0.0007 and 0.0042, respectively). Fat deposition from NEg was 3.98 times more efficient than protein deposition. Carcass backfat thickness was a poor predictor of carcass marbling score (r2 = 0.083), even though backfat thickness was an important predictor of the percentage of empty body fat (r2 = 0.807). The results indicate that a measure of backfat thickness on the live animal during the finishing phase is not an effective predictor of future feed efficiency. They also confirm that protein accretion is energetically expensive, and that using a single coefficient for predicting gain from NEg is valid regardless of whether gain is predominantly muscle or fat. These data document that there is little relationship between body composition and marbling score, which is contrary to models that assume a USDA quality grade target at a specified percent fat end point. 相似文献
17.
A L Siemens R J Lipsey H B Hedrick F L Williams S W Yokley M G Siemens 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(8):2217-2221
Two feeder pig grading systems were tested. Forty-five barrows were selected using current USDA Feeder Pig Grade Standards (U.S. No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3). Additionally, 45 barrows were selected using three frame sizes (large, medium and small). Pigs were slaughtered at 100, 113.5 of 127 kg live weight. Trimmed four lean cuts were separated into soft tissue, skin and bone. The skinless belly and soft tissue from the four lean cuts were ground separately and analyzed chemically. Data from each grading system were analyzed separately in a 3 X 3 factorial plan. Pigs selected using current USDA grade standards differed (P less than .05) for last rib backfat, 10th rib fat depth, longissimus muscle area, percentage of trimmed four lean cuts and USDA carcass grade. In the frame size system, pigs with large frame size had less last rib backfat, less 10th rib fat depth, longer carcasses, higher percentage of four lean cuts and superior USDA carcass grades than pigs with small frame size did (P less than .05). The Bradley and Schumann test of sensitivity showed that selection by frame size was more sensitive than current USDA grade standards for discriminating feeder pig foreleg length, body depth and ham width. In addition, selection by frame size was more sensitive than current USDA grade standards for discriminating carcass length and carcass radius length. No increase in sensitivity (P greater than .10) was noted for carcass composition or growth traits over the current USDA Feeder Pig Grade Standards. 相似文献
18.
Nikola obanovi&#x; Ljiljana Jankovi&#x; Dragan Vasilev Mirjana Dimitrijevi&#x; Vlado Teodorovi&#x; Branislav Kurelju&#x;i&#x; Nedjeljko Karabasil 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(11):1475-1483
The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of pathological lesions in pigs from small‐scale farms and to determine associations between pathological lesions and hematological parameters, and carcass and meat quality in slaughtered pigs. The study was conducted on 625 pigs (~115 kg) originating from 20 small‐scale farms. Any signs of pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, and liver milk spots were recorded as present or absent. Complete blood count was investigated. The following carcass quality parameters were measured: live, hot and cold carcass weights, cooling loss, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and meatiness. Meat pH and temperature were measured 45 min postmortem. Of the 625 examined pigs, 41.8% had pneumonia, 23.5% pleurisy, 2.7% pericarditis, and 29.9% liver milk spots. The presence of pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs adversely affected hematological parameters, reduced live, hot and cold carcass weights, and meatiness and had deleterious effects on meat quality (higher pH45min and higher prevalence of dark, firm and dry meat). In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs, indicating serious health problems in smallholder pig production systems. The presence of single and, especially, multiple pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs negatively affected hematological parameters, and carcass and meat quality. 相似文献
19.
Carcass and live measurements of 45 barrows were used to evaluate the magnitude of ractopamine (RAC) treatment prediction biases for measures of carcass composition. Barrows (body weight = 69.6 kg) were allotted by weight to three dietary treatments and fed to an average body weight of 114 kg. Treatments were: 1) 16% crude protein, 0.82% lysine control diet (CON); 2) control diet + 20 ppm RAC (RAC16); 3) a phase feeding sequence with 20 ppm RAC (RAC-P) consisting of 18% crude protein (1.08% lysine) during wk 1 and 4, 20% crude protein (1.22% lysine) during wk 2 and 3, 16% crude protein (0.94% lysine) during wk 6, and 16% crude protein (0.82% lysine) during wk 6. The four lean cuts from the right side of the carcasses (n = 15/treatment) were dissected into lean and fat tissue. The other cut soft tissue was collected from the jowl, ribs, and belly. Proximate analyses were completed on these three tissue pools and a sample of fat tissue from the other cut soft tissue. Prediction equations were developed for each of five measures of carcass composition: fat-free lean, lipid-free soft tissue, dissected lean in the four lean cuts, total carcass fat tissue, and soft-tissue lipid mass. Ractopamine treatment biases were found for equations in which midline backfat, ribbed carcass, and live ultrasonic measures were used as single technology sets of measurements. Prediction equations from live or carcass measurements underpredicted the lean mass of the RAC-P pigs and underpredicted the lean mass of the CON pigs. Only 20 to 50% of the true difference in fat-free lean mass or lipid-free soft-tissue mass between the control pigs and pigs fed RAC was predicted from equations including standard carcass measurements. The soft-tissue lipid and total carcass fat mass of RAC-P pigs was overpredicted from the carcass and live ultrasound measurements. Prediction equations including standard carcass measurements with dissected ham lean alone or with dissected loin lean reduced the residual standard deviation and magnitude of biases for the three measures of carcass leanmass. Prediction equations including the percentage of lipid of the other cut soft tissue improved residual standard deviation and reduced the magnitude of biases for total carcass fat mass and soft-tissue lipid. Prediction equations for easily obtained carcass or live ultrasound measures will only partially predict the true effect of RAC to increase carcass leanness. Accurate prediction of the carcass composition of RAC-fed pigs requires some partial dissection, chemical analysis, or alternative technologies. 相似文献
20.
综述了梅山猪与西方猪生长性能和胴体特性的比较研究.结果表明梅山猪主要以生长性能差和脂肪组织高度发育为特性,梅山猪与西方猪相比,具有显著较低的日增重、采食量和瘦肉组织百分率以及较高的饲料转化率和背膘厚度,但梅山猪的肉质优于欧洲猪的. 相似文献