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1.
《中国兽医杂志》2015,(5)
为了了解新疆不同牛场中大肠杆菌O157:H7的流行情况,对新疆乌鲁木齐、伊犁地区、塔城地区多个牛场采集的粪样及水样样本的检测,样品经EC肉汤增菌、免疫磁珠富集后,用SMAC平板和MUG培养基进行初步筛选,再用rfb E和fli C基因对筛选后的疑似大肠杆菌O157:H7菌株做PCR检测,同时结合生化试验的方法进行符合性检验。结果从新疆3个地区不同牛场的208份样品分离得到5株肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7,检出率为2.4%。其中粪样检出5株,检出率为2.4%;水样未检出。生化试验结果表明,5株分离出的大肠杆菌O157:H7菌株与国标规定的O157:H7特性相同。表明,部分被检牛场存在大肠杆菌O157:H7威胁,应该引起重视。 相似文献
2.
为初步研究猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7 (E.coli O157:H7)对氟苯尼考耐药性的产生和消除机制,本研究采用亚抑菌浓度体外耐药诱导的方法将两株猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7诱导成氟苯尼考高度耐药菌株,采用无氟苯尼考压力下连续传代培养的方法将获得的氟苯尼考耐药菌株的氟苯尼考耐药性消除,检测耐药诱导菌和耐药消除菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,并检测菌株质粒携带的耐药基因。结果显示,经氟苯尼考耐药诱导,猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7对氟苯尼考、阿莫西林、头孢唑啉、头孢拉定和头孢噻吩由敏感变为耐药,对头孢噻肟的敏感性由敏感变为中介,对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和阿奇霉素由中介变为耐药;而经耐药消除后,菌株恢复对上述药物的敏感性;在菌株的质粒中检测到氟苯尼考耐药基因、喹诺酮类耐药基因和β-内酰胺酶基因,与耐药表型相符。结果表明,在氟苯尼考压力的长期存在下,猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7对氟苯尼考产生耐药,且对青霉素类、头孢类和喹诺酮类药物产生交叉耐药,在去除氟苯尼考压力下连续培养,可消除菌株的部分耐药性。 相似文献
3.
《中国畜牧兽医》2015,(12)
为初步研究猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7(E.coli O157∶H7)对氟苯尼考耐药性的产生和消除机制,本研究采用亚抑菌浓度体外耐药诱导的方法将两株猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7诱导成氟苯尼考高度耐药菌株,采用无氟苯尼考压力下连续传代培养的方法将获得的氟苯尼考耐药菌株的氟苯尼考耐药性消除,检测耐药诱导菌和耐药消除菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,并检测菌株质粒携带的耐药基因。结果显示,经氟苯尼考耐药诱导,猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7对氟苯尼考、阿莫西林、头孢唑啉、头孢拉定和头孢噻吩由敏感变为耐药,对头孢噻肟的敏感性由敏感变为中介,对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和阿奇霉素由中介变为耐药;而经耐药消除后,菌株恢复对上述药物的敏感性;在菌株的质粒中检测到氟苯尼考耐药基因、喹诺酮类耐药基因和β-内酰胺酶基因,与耐药表型相符。结果表明,在氟苯尼考压力的长期存在下,猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7对氟苯尼考产生耐药,且对青霉素类、头孢类和喹诺酮类药物产生交叉耐药,在去除氟苯尼考压力下连续培养,可消除菌株的部分耐药性。 相似文献
4.
《畜牧与兽医》2014,(8):94-97
对上海地区分离的199株猪源大肠杆菌分离株进行血清型鉴定和毒力因子检测,使用大肠杆菌标准抗O因子血清进行玻片凝集试验;采用普通和多重PCR方法,对分离株进行STa、STb、LT、Stx2e等4种肠毒素和K88、K99、987P、F18、F41等5种黏附素检测。结果:199株猪源大肠杆菌分离株有110株鉴定出血清型,占检测菌株的55.28%,覆盖了30种血清型,优势血清型为O8、O45、O64、O78、O138、O157、O163、O7+O8,占定型菌株的60%。共有32株大肠杆菌检测到毒力因子,阳性率为16.08%,检测出9种毒力因子。其中有21株单独检测到肠毒素,占65.63%,STa和STb+LT阳性的菌株分别为14和4;6株单独检测到黏附素,3株菌株K99阳性;5株同时检测到肠毒素和黏附素。在32株毒力基因阳性的大肠杆菌中,有15株血清型定型,覆盖7种血清型,其中O138、O7+O8与肠毒素STa相关,O8、O45与STb+LT相关。研究表明,上海地区猪源大肠杆菌分离株优势血清型至少覆盖了包括O8、O45、O64、O78、O138、O163等在内的8种血清型;大肠杆菌分离株以产肠毒素为主,主要毒力因子包括黏附素K99和肠毒素STa、STb+LT等。 相似文献
5.
为了解吉林省猪大肠杆菌O_(157):H_7的携带情况、致病性及筛选出敏感药物,试验收集吉林省部分规模化养猪场猪的新鲜粪便180份,采用m EC肉汤增菌后涂布于大肠杆菌O_(157):H_7显色培养基中对可疑菌落纯培养,生化鉴定纯培养菌株,并用普通PCR法检测编码该菌O抗原的rfb E基因,其中阳性者采用荧光定量PCR方法检测编码该菌H抗原的fli C基因,同时筛选敏感药物。结果表明:共有3株菌被鉴定为O_(157):H_7出血性大肠杆菌,检出率为1.67%(3/180),均来源于腹泻仔猪粪便;生化鉴定结果符合大肠杆菌O_(157):H_7特征;普通PCR法和荧光定量PCR法均能检出目的片段;3株分离菌对磷霉素和丁胺卡那霉素的敏感性高,对红霉素、青霉素G、氨苄西林、利福平的耐药性高。根据部分猪场大肠杆菌O_(157):H_7的流行情况可初步掌握吉林省猪源大肠杆菌O_(157):H_7的流行情况。 相似文献
6.
为了解大肠杆菌O157:H7和沙门菌在我市肉类产品中的带菌情况,笔者于2007年2009年,采用荧光PCR方法对采自东莞市32个镇(区)屠宰场和1个冻肉库的肉类进行增菌后沙门菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7检测,其中检测沙门菌样品1 669份,阳性样品169份,阳性检出率为10.13%。冻肉库鸡肉检出率为25.93%,猪肉为11.76%,鸭肉为30.95%,羊肉为15.38%,牛肉为12.5%;1 405份采自屠宰场的猪肝样品共检测到沙门菌阳性114份,阳性检出率为8.11%。在2 132份大肠杆菌O157:H7样品中,阳性数472份,阳性检出率为22.14%。其中冻肉储存库鸡肉为10.09%,猪肉为16.47%,鸭肉为7.14%,羊肉为14.29%,牛肉为7.14%;采自屠宰场的1 868份猪肝中,大肠杆菌O157:H7阳性441份,阳性检出率为23.61%。结果表明屠宰场和冻肉库的肉类都有不同程度的受到大肠杆菌O157:H7和沙门菌的污染。 相似文献
7.
根据GenBank公布的大肠杆菌O157:H7的Flic(H7)基因序列进行同源性比较分析,选择保守序列设计一对特异性扩增引物,通过优化反应条件,建立一个用于大肠杆菌O157:H7快速定量检测的实时定量PCR方法.该方法的最低检测极限是103CFU/mL,敏感性比常规PCR提高10倍.方法重复性好、特异性强,重复性检测的变异系数均小于2%;只能检测大肠杆菌O157:H7,对非大肠杆菌O157:H7血清型细菌、猪链球菌2型、副猪嗜血杆菌无反应.利用此方法对模拟样本进行定量检测,其结果与平板细菌计数基本一致,表明此方法可作为大肠杆菌O157:H7快速诊断和疫情监测的一种快速、准确、简便的检测工具. 相似文献
8.
为了调查广西猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7分离株的耐药表型和消毒剂抗性情况,本研究测定5株猪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7广西分离株的药物敏感性和消毒剂抗性,并应用PCR对5株细菌的耐氨基糖苷类抗生素基因:氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶基因aph(3)-Iia、乙酰转移酶基因aadA和aadB进行扩增。27种抗菌药物的敏感结果表明,5株菌株只对氟苯尼考、头孢曲松、头孢西丁和头孢噻肟敏感;对罗红霉素、多黏菌素B、利福平、林可霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林和头孢噻吩的耐药率为100%;对壮观霉素、链霉素、头孢拉定等药物的耐药率在20%~60%之间。在5株大肠杆菌O157∶H7广西分离株中,分别有1株、1株和3株菌株对23种、11种和9种抗菌药产生耐药性。PCR结果证实,5株细菌携带有耐氨基糖苷类抗生素基因,耐药基因的存在与其耐药表型有一定的相关性。消毒剂抗性结果显示,5株细菌对聚维酮碘溶液、新洁尔灭消毒液、稀戊二醛溶液、双季铵盐—碘消毒液、复方过氧乙酸具有抗性,只对二氯异氰尿酸钠粉敏感。研究结果对预防和控制广西大肠杆菌O157∶H7提供了数据。 相似文献
9.
乌鲁木齐市屠宰场三种食源性细菌的污染情况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解乌鲁木齐市冬季不同畜禽屠宰场屠宰加工环节中大肠杆菌O157:H7、沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌的污染情况。采集羊、牛、猪、鸡屠宰场的肉、环境拭子样本100份,按食品安全国家标准中的相关食品微生物学检验方法进行检测。结果共检出沙门氏菌11株,检出率为11%;检出单增李斯特菌2株,检出率为2%;没有检测出大肠杆菌O157:H7。调查结果表明乌鲁木齐市冬季屠宰中场沙门氏菌的污染主要存在于猪、鸡屠宰场的屠宰工具、传送带等环境中,单增李斯特菌存在于羊屠宰场的羊肉和环境中。各相关部门应加强屠宰场监管力度,以降低食品安全问题发生的可能。 相似文献
10.
11.
目的建立一种能同时检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的双重荧光PCR方法,应用于动物源性食品的快速检验。方法根据沙门氏菌invA基因和大肠杆菌O157:H7 RFBE基因的保守序列,设计引物和探针,通过优化反应条件,建立可同时检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的双重荧光PCR方法,应用于动物源性食品的检验,并与miniVIDAS快速初筛方法和SN标准方法进行比较。结果本研究建立的双重荧光PCR方法可同时快速检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7,对纯菌的检测灵敏度均低于10CFU/双重荧光PCR反应体系。应用本方法检测36株标准/参考菌株,结果只有9株目的菌标准/参考菌株出现特异性扩增,其余27株非目的菌均呈阴性反应。定量检测重复性试验结果,批内和批间的变异系数均小于2%。应用本方法检测人工染菌样品,结果与miniVIDAS和SN方法检测结果一致,但检测时间比miniVIDAS快了3倍,比SN标准快了10多倍。结论本研究建立的双重荧光PCR方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、重复性好的优点,可在8小时内完成样品沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的检验。 相似文献
12.
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC O157:H7) was detected in two of 2446 individual faecal samples collected from pigs slaughtered at five Swedish slaughterhouses, indicating a prevalence of 0.08 per cent, with a 95 per cent confidence interval from 0 to 0.16 per cent Four Swedish VTEC O157:H7-positive farms which kept ruminants and pigs were studied by repeated faecal sampling; VTEC O157:H7 was isolated from the ruminants and pigs on all the farms and the same strains were present in the pigs and the ruminants. On one of the farms, the organism persisted in the pig population for 11 months. On all four farms, management practices which might have influenced the isolation rate in pigs were identified. A group of young VTEC O157:H7-positive pigs was moved from one of the VTEC O157:H7-positive farms to a fattening herd where there were no ruminants. The number of VTEC O157:H7-positive faecal samples decreased gradually and after nine weeks the pigs were all negative; at slaughter none of the pigs was VTEC O157:H7-positive. 相似文献
13.
These experiments determined the ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to colonize and persist in pigs simultaneously inoculated with other pathogenic E. coli strains. Three-months-old pigs were inoculated with a mixture of five E. coli strains. The mixture included two Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) O157:H7 strains, two enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains and one enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strain. A high dose mixture with all five strains at 10(10)CFU/animal (CFU: colony forming units) and a low dose mixture with the STEC strains at 10(7)CFU and the EPEC and ETEC strains remaining at 10(10)CFU were used. The STEC strains persisted in the alimentary tracts of some pigs at 2 months post-inoculation, following inoculation with both the high and low dose mixtures. When all strains were given at 10(10)CFU (high dose) the STEC strains persisted in greater numbers and in more pigs than did the other E. coli strains. The results demonstrated that persistent colonization (> or =2 months) by E. coli O157:H7 can occur in pigs. These findings were similar to those reported from sheep inoculated with the same mixture of E. coli strains. The results are consistent with reports suggesting that pigs have the potential to be reservoir hosts for STEC O157:H7. 相似文献
14.
J M Sargeant D J Hafer J R Gillespie R D Oberst S J Flood 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(6):792-794
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with access to cattle pastures. DESIGN: Survey study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 212 fecal samples from free ranging white-tailed deer. PROCEDURE: Fresh feces were collected on multiple pastures from 2 farms in north central Kansas between September 1997 and April 1998. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified by bacterial culture and DNA-based methods. RESULTS: Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified in 2.4% (5/212) of white-tailed deer fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There is considerable interest in the beef industry in on-farm control of E coli O157:H7 to reduce the risk of this pathogen entering the human food chain. Results of our study suggest that the design of programs for E coli O157:H7 control in domestic livestock on pasture will need to account for fecal shedding in free-ranging deer. In addition, the results have implications for hunters, people consuming venison, and deer-farming enterprises. 相似文献
15.
Sargeant JM Gillespie JR Oberst RD Phebus RK Hyatt DR Bohra LK Galland JC 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(11):1375-1379
OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and distribution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the feces and environment of cow-calf herds housed on pasture. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fecal and water samples for 10 cow-calf farms in Kansas. PROCEDURE: Fecal and water samples were obtained monthly throughout a 1-year period (3,152 fecal samples from 2,058 cattle; 199 water samples). Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fecal and water samples was determined, using microbial culture. RESULTS: Escherichia coli O157:H7 was detected in 40 of 3,152 (1.3%) fecal samples, and 40 of 2,058 (1.9%) cattle had > or = 1 sample with E coli. Fecal shedding by specific cattle was transient; none of the cattle had E coli in more than 1 sample. Significant differences were not detected in overall prevalence among farms. However, significant differences were detected in prevalence among sample collection dates. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was detected in 3 of 199 (1.5%) water samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Implementing control strategies for E coli O157:H7 at all levels of the cattle industry will decrease the risk of this organism entering the human food chain. Devising effective on-farm strategies to control E coli O157:H7 in cow-calf herds will require an understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics of this pathogen. 相似文献
16.
牛源大肠杆菌O157：H7的分离及毒力基因鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从2个牛场采集新鲜粪便,增菌后,免疫磁珠富集,涂布筛选性培养基,挑取可疑菌落用rfbE/fliC二重PCR和血清学方法鉴定。设计毒力基因stx1、stx2、eae、hlyA和tccp相应引物,针对O157：H7对分离株进行PCR鉴定。口服攻毒链霉素处理的BALB/c小鼠明确分离株致病性。结果显示,成功分离到7株出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7,并且有1株迟缓性发酵山梨醇麦康凯培养基。毒力基因检测显示,其中6株毒力因子表型为stx1-stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,另有1株表现型为stx1＋stx2＋eae＋hlyA＋tccp＋,各分离株tccp基因均为阳性,但携带的重复片段数量有差异。所采集样品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7的检出率高达12%。1×1010 CFU同剂量口服接种经PBS洗涤的5株O157：H7分离株全菌,小鼠存活率有差异分别为40%,50%,60%,20%,50%,各分离株在小鼠体内排菌时间也有差异分别为攻毒后7,9,13,13,15d。 相似文献
17.
Kuhnert P Dubosson CR Roesch M Homfeld E Doherr MG Blum JW 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,109(1-2):37-45
Cattle are a natural reservoir for Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), however, no data are available on the prevalence and their possible association with organic or conventional farming practices. We have therefore studied the prevalence of STEC and specifically O157:H7 in Swiss dairy cattle by collecting faeces from approximately 500 cows from 60 farms with organic production (OP) and 60 farms with integrated (conventional) production (IP). IP farms were matched to OP farms and were comparable in terms of community, agricultural zone, and number of cows per farm. E. coli were grown overnight in an enrichment medium, followed by DNA isolation and PCR analysis using specific TaqMan assays. STEC were detected in all farms and O157:H7 were present in 25% of OP farms and 17% of IP farms. STEC were detected in 58% and O157:H7 were evidenced in 4.6% of individual faeces. Multivariate statistical analyses of over 250 parameters revealed several risk-factors for the presence of STEC and O157:H7. Risk-factors were mainly related to the potential of cross-contamination of feeds and cross-infection of cows, and age of the animals. In general, no significant differences between the two farm types concerning prevalence or risk for carrying STEC or O157:H7 were observed. Because the incidence of human disease caused by STEC in Switzerland is low, the risk that people to get infected appears to be small despite a relatively high prevalence in cattle. Nevertheless, control and prevention practices are indicated to avoid contamination of animal products. 相似文献
18.
多重荧光PCR检测水产品致病菌方法的建立与应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据沙门氏菌invA基因、副溶血性弧菌toxR基因和大肠杆菌O157：H7 RFBE基因的保守序列,设计引物和探针,通过优化反应体系,测定其灵敏度和特异性,建立了可同时检测上述三种致病菌的多重实时荧光PCR方法。该方法对纯茵的检测灵敏度均低于1O cfu／PCR反应体系。人工染菌样品经6h增菌,检测的灵敏度可低于10c... 相似文献
19.
In order to evaluate the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, 197 fecal samples of healthy cattle from 10 dairy farms, four beef farms and one slaughterhouse at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, were examined for Shiga toxin (Stx) gene sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For presumptive isolation of O157:H7 E. coli, the Cefixime-potassium tellurite-sorbitol MacConkey Agar (CT-SMAC) was used. A high occurrence (71%) of Stx was detected, and was more frequently found among dairy cattle (82% vs. 53% in beef cattle), in which no differences were observed regarding the age of the animals. Dot blot hybridization with stx1 and stx2 probes revealed that the predominant STEC type was one that had the genes for both stx1 and stx2 in dairy cattle and one that had only the stx1 gene for beef cattle. Three (1.5%) O157:H7 E. coli strains were isolated from one beef and two dairy animals by the use of CT-SMAC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of O157:H7 isolation in Brazil. A PCR-based STEC detection protocol led to the isolation of STEC in 12 of 16 randomly selected PCR-positive stool samples. A total of 15 STEC strains belonging to 11 serotypes were isolated, and most of them (60%) had both stx1 and stx2 gene sequences. Cytotoxicity assays with HeLa and Vero cells revealed that all strains except two of serotype O157:H7 expressed Stx. The data point to the high prevalence of STEC in our environment and suggest the need for good control strategies for the prevention of contamination of animal products. 相似文献
20.
Best A La Ragione RM Clifford D Cooley WA Sayers AR Woodward MJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,113(1-2):63-72
Isolation of Shiga-toxin (Stx) positive Escherichia coli O157:H7 from commercially grown pigs has been reported. Furthermore, experimental infection studies have demonstrated that Stx-positive E. coli O157:H7 can persist in 12-week-old experimentally orally inoculated conventional pigs for up to 2 months and that persistence was not dependent upon intimin. We have shown that the flagellum of Stx-negative E. coli O157:H7 does not have a role to play in pathogenesis in ruminant models whereas, in poultry, the flagellum of E. coli O157:H7 was important for long-term persistent infection. The contribution of the flagellum of Stx-negative E. coli O157 in the colonisation of pigs was investigated by adherence assays on a porcine (IPI-21) cell line, porcine in vitro organ culture (IVOC) and experimental oral inoculation of conventional 14-week-old pigs. E. coli O157:H7 NCTC12900nal(r) and isogenic aflagellate and intimin deficient mutants adhered equally well to IPI-21 cells. In porcine IVOC association assays, E. coli O157:H7 NCTC12900nal(r) was associated in significantly higher numbers to tissues from the caecum and the terminal rectum than other sites. The aflagellate and intimin deficient mutants significantly adhered in greater numbers to more IVOC gastrointestinal tissues than the parent. Groups of 14-week-old pigs were dosed orally with 10(10)CFU/10ml of either E. coli O157:H7 NCTC12900nal(r) or isogenic aflagellate and intimin deficient mutants and recovery of each test strain was similar. Histological analysis of pig tissues at post mortem examination revealed that E. coli O157 specifically stained bacteria were associated with the mucosa of the ascending and spiral colon. These data suggest that colonisation and persistence of Stx-negative E. coli O157:H7 in pigs, involves mechanisms that do not require the flagellum or intimin. 相似文献