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本研究旨在阐明我国犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis)湖南分离株线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第I亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1)的遗传变异情况,并用其与其它弓首蛔虫的pcox1序列构建进化关系。应用PCR扩增犬弓首蛔虫虫株的pcox1,将所获得的序列应用Mafft 7.122程序进行比对,然后用Phy ML 3.1程序ML法绘制种系发育树。本实验扩增所获得的pcox1序列长度一致,均为394 bp,种内变异在0~2.5%之间,种间差异为8.2%~11.6%。种系发育分析结果表明,12个犬弓首蛔虫分离株位于同一分支。由于犬弓首蛔虫pcox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为种间鉴定检测研究的遗传标记,本研究结果为犬弓首蛔虫的分类、鉴定和群体遗传结构奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本研究旨在阐明鸡蛔虫分离株线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅰ亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1)的遗传变异情况,并用pcox1序列构建其与其他蛔虫的进化关系。应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增鸡蛔虫虫株的pcox1,将测定获得序列应用Clustal X 1.81程序进行比对,然后用Phylip 3.67程序MP法和Mega 4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle 5.2程序构建最大似然树。所获得的pcox1序列长度一致,均为250 bp,种内变异在0~2.5%之间。种系发育分析表明,8个鸡蛔虫分离株位于同一分枝。由于鸡蛔虫pcox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大(6.9%~15.3%),故可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,研究结果为进一步研究鸡蛔虫的群体遗传结构奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《经济动物学报》2017,(2)
为分析白狮蛔虫湖南动物园分离株线粒体nad5的遗传差异,并利用nad5序列分析白狮蛔虫与其他蛔虫的种系遗传关系,应用PCR技术对白狮蛔虫线粒体nad5的部分序列进行克隆和序列测定,利用Clustal X2.0程序对测序所得序列进行比对,再运用Mega4.1程序进行NJ法绘制种系发育树。结果表明:所获得nad5序列长度基本一致,约530 bp,15个样品分离株之间的同源性为97.4%~99.8%,通过构建系统种系发育,结果显示15个白狮蛔虫分离株与狮弓蛔虫位于同一大分支,与其他蛔虫所属分支具有较远的距离,得到较为明显的鉴别。狮弓蛔虫nad5序列种内较为保守,但种间差异明显,nad5基因可以作为理想的分子标记应用于狮弓蛔虫的分子鉴定和种间遗传变异研究,从而为狮弓蛔虫的群体遗传研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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湖南省鸡蛔虫线粒体cox1和nad1基因的序列测定及种系发育分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在阐明湖南省鸡蛔虫分离株线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第I亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位l基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)的遗传变异情况,并用pcox1和pnad1序列构建鸡蛔虫与其它科蛔虫的种群遗传关系。作者应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增鸡蛔虫虫株的pcox1和pnad1,应用ClustalX1.81程序对序列进行比对,然后用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mega4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树。所获得的pcox1和pnad1序列长度均为394和408bp,种系发育树表明,20个分离株鸡蛔虫位于同一分枝。由于鸡蛔虫pcox1和pnad1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记。本研究系首次报道鸡蛔虫的pcox1和pnad1序列,从而为鸡蛔虫的分类鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查和群体遗传研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2017,(1)
为了解东北虎源蛔虫与其他蛔虫的种群遗传关系,本研究对湖南省长沙生态动物园东北虎粪便中采集的蛔虫成虫的线粒体DNA中细胞色素I(cox1)基因序列进行扩增,将测序结果与GenB ank中登录的其他蛔虫cox1序列进行对比及种系发育树分析。结果显示,来自长沙生态动物园7个东北虎蛔虫样品cox1序列长度基本一致,为413 bp~414 bp,与猫弓首蛔虫同源性最高,达98.4%以上,而且系统进化分析显示所有样品均与猫弓首蛔虫位于同一分支。该结果表明,pcox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,因此可以作为猫科弓首蛔虫的种间遗传变异研究的分子遗传标记,从而为蛔虫的群体遗传研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2018,(8)
分离到湖南长沙生态动物园白狮和猎豹的两种野生动物蛔虫样本,对这两种蛔虫线粒体DNA(rDNA)中细胞色素I(cox1)序列进行扩增测序,并与Gen Bank中收录的猫弓首蛔虫、狸猫弓首蛔虫、犬弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫和猪蛔虫cox1序列进行比较。结果显示:来自长沙生态动物园的白狮和猎豹蛔虫cox1序列长度均为415 bp;与Gen Bank收录JF780951. 1(狮弓蛔虫)序列用Blast软件比较,发现极少数的碱基置换、颠换、缺失及无差异。利用DNAStar 5. 0的MegAlign软件差异性分析显示,白狮蛔虫(WL1、WL2)基因序列和猎豹蛔虫(CH1、CH2)基因序列与JF780951. 1(狮弓蛔虫)序列的平均差异分别为4. 05%和2. 5%。而样品序列与其他序列相比差异均在10. 1%以上。因此,这2种动物4个蛔虫样品种内差异小,种间差异大,同是狮弓蛔虫。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2017,(5)
本次研究旨在分析河南省不同地区犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体12S rRNA部分基因序列(plastiosome 12S rRNA,p12S rRNA)的遗传变异情况。通过PCR技术对犬弓首蛔虫p12S rRNA序列进行扩增并测序,应用Clustal X 2.0程序对序列进行比对,再利用Mega4.0程序进行NJ法绘制种系发育树。结果显示,所获得的18个犬弓首蛔虫分离株p12S rRNA序列长度为497~499 bp。种系发育分析结果显示,所有的犬弓首蛔虫分离株与已知犬弓首蛔虫位于同一分支,与其他蛔虫所属分支相隔较远。犬弓首蛔虫p12S rRNA序列种内相对保守,而种间差异较大,可以作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为犬弓首蛔虫的分类与流行学调查奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为阐明金丝猴毛首线虫线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶Ⅰ亚基（cox1）基因部分（pcox1）序列的遗传变异情况,以长沙生态动物园金丝猴体内分离的毛首线虫作为研究对象,根据cox1序列构建其与其他毛首线虫的进化发育关系。使用PCR方法扩增金丝猴毛首线虫线粒体cox1,然后将所测得的序列应用Clustal X 1.81程序进行比对,最后用Mega 5.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树。结果显示,本实验扩增获得的6条毛首线虫分离株cox1序列长度一致,均为411 bp,种内变异为0。种系发育分析结果表明,这6条毛首线虫分离株位于同一分支。鉴于金丝猴毛首线虫的cox1基因种内保守,而种间差异大（24.0%~34.1%）,因此可以作为种间鉴定检测研究的遗传标记。本研究结果为进一步研究金丝猴毛首线虫的群体遗传结构奠定了基础。 相似文献
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弓首蛔虫线粒体cox1基因的多态性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用PCR—SSCP技术和DNA序列分析对犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis)线粒体DNA(mtDNA)中的细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅰ亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1)进行了分析研究，并与弓首属的猫弓首蛔虫、马来西亚弓首蛔虫、牛弓首蛔虫及弓蛔属的狮弓蛔虫进行了种间比较。结果显示，犬弓首蛔虫种群内的pcox1序列差异为2．72％，与马来西亚弓首蛔虫种群间的序列差异为11．38％，与猫弓首蛔虫种群间的序列差异为11．20％，与牛弓首蛔虫种群间的序列差异为10．40％，与狮弓蛔虫种群间的序列差异为11.48％；马来西亚弓首蛔虫种群内的pcox1序列差异为0．57％，与猫弓首蛔虫的序列差异为8．23％，与牛弓首蛔虫的序列差异为8．70％，与狮弓蛔虫的序列差异为10．60％。研究证实，犬弓首蛔虫不同地方虫株的pcox1有一定差异，与同属其他种类及狮弓蛔虫的差异较大；马来西亚弓首蛔虫确为一独立种。 相似文献
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为研究长沙市黑斑蛙蛔虫分离株的线粒体DNA pcox1序列的遗传变异情况,并分析黑斑蛙蛔虫cox1部分序列与其它蛔虫的种群遗传关系。利用PCR扩增黑斑蛙蛔虫mtDNA的pcox1片段,将PCR扩增出的片段纯化后测序,并对其序列进行分析。结果显示所获得的4株cox1序列长度存在一定差异,为400～410 bp。由于黑斑蛙蛔虫cox1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为种间遗传变异研究的分子标记。本研究报道的黑斑蛙蛔虫cox1序列,为黑斑蛙蛔虫的分类鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查和群体遗传研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献