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为了研究菌种组合对固态发酵仔猪配合饲料(551H与552H)的影响,以蛋白含量及其增加率为主要指标,对双菌种与三菌种组合中不同菌种配比进行试验。结果发现:通过调节菌种组合中各微生物的占比,混菌(双菌种或三菌种)固态发酵仔猪配合饲料的质量指标可明显高于单菌种发酵产品(P0.05);对于固态培养基551H,双菌种最佳组合中,枯草芽孢杆菌于组合中其占比在1/2之上,乳酸菌占比在1/2之下,而酵母处于1/3~2/3之间;三菌种最佳组合中,枯草芽孢杆菌最小占比不低于1/4,而酵母与乳酸菌最小占比不低于1/4。对于固态培养基552H,双菌种最佳组合中,枯草芽孢杆菌于组合中其占比在1/3较为合理,酵母占比在1/2之上,而乳酸菌处于1/2之下;三菌种最佳组合中,枯草芽孢杆菌与乳酸菌最小占比不低于1/5,而酵母最小占比不低于1/4。因此,该研究结果将为工业化混菌固态发酵仔猪配合饲料在菌种组合方面提供试验与理论支撑。 相似文献
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为研究枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵仔猪配合饲料(551H与552H)的工艺(简称SF-551H和SF-552H),以蛋白含量及其增加率为主要指标,分别对各工艺参数进行多水平7×2(发酵时间t)、4×2(固态培养基组成R)、5×2(发酵温度T)及5×2(接种量I)试验设计及响应面优化试验。结果表明,工艺参数对产品的蛋白含量及其增加率影响显著(P<0.05);确定参数的水平:SF-551H,12≤t≤32 h、1≤R≤4、25≤T≤30℃、3%≤I≤10%;SF-552H,12≤t≤32 h、1≤R≤4、25≤T≤35℃、3%≤I≤10%。二次响应面回归模型预测最佳工艺参数为:SF-551H,t=32 h,R=1,T=30℃,I=4.75%;SF-552H,t=32 h,R=4,T=35℃,I=4.75%,且验证可行(P>0.05)。因此,该研究结果将为工业化枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵仔猪配合饲料的工艺提供试验与理论支撑。 相似文献
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为了研究固态发酵仔猪配合饲料(551H与552H)过程的动力学,以蛋白含量为主要指标,对单菌种与混菌(双菌种与三菌种)进行试验,并对结果分别与Logistic(逻辑)、指数及线性方程进行拟合。结果发现:发酵时间对于固态发酵仔猪配合饲料的影响非常显著(P0.05);除了酵母和乳酸菌固态发酵551H过程只能用Logistic方程描述(R~20.9)外,其它单菌种发酵过程(R~20.7)及混菌固态发酵过程[双菌种(R~20.7)和三菌种(R~20.9)]均可用Logistic方程、指数及线性方程描述;Logistic方程可以较为精确地描述固态发酵仔猪配合饲料过程(单菌种R~20.7,混菌R~20.9),而线性方程能较好地描述大多数固态发酵仔猪配合饲料过程(R~20.7)。因此,该研究结果将为工业化固态发酵仔猪配合饲料在过程参数与实时控制方面提供试验与理论支撑。 相似文献
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为研究乳酸菌固态发酵仔猪配合饲料(551H与552H)的工艺(简称SF-551H和SF-552H),以蛋白含量及其增加率为主要指标,分别对各工艺参数进行多水平7×2(发酵时间t)、4×2(固态培养基组成R)、5×2(发酵温度T)及5×2(接种量I)试验设计及响应面优化试验。结果表明,工艺参数对产品的蛋白含量及其增加率影响显著(P0.05);确定参数的水平:SF-551H,12≤t≤32 h、1.5≤R≤4、25≤T≤30℃、3%≤I≤10%;SF-552H,12≤t≤48 h、1.5≤R≤4、25≤T≤30℃、3%≤I≤10%。二次响应面回归模型预测最佳工艺参数为:SF-551H,t=27 h、R=2.125、T=25℃、I=10%;SF-552H,t=48 h、R=1.5、T=30℃、I=3%,且验证可行(P0.05)。因此,该研究结果将为工业化乳酸菌固态发酵仔猪配合饲料的工艺提供试验与理论支撑。 相似文献
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为研究酵母固态发酵仔猪配合饲料(551H与552H)的工艺(简称SF-551H和SF-552H),以蛋白含量及其增加率为主要指标,分别对各工艺参数进行多水平7×2(发酵时间t)、4×2(固态培养基组成R)、5×2(发酵温度T)及5×2(接种量I)试验设计及响应面优化试验。结果表明,工艺参数对产品的蛋白含量及其增加率影响显著(P0.05);确定参数的水平:SF-551H,12≤t≤24 h、1.5≤R≤4、25≤T≤32℃、3%≤I≤15%;SF-552H,12≤t≤40 h、1.5≤R≤4、25≤T≤30℃、3%≤I≤15%.二次响应面回归模型预测最佳工艺参数为:SF-551H,t=24 h,R=2.75,T=32℃,I=3%;SF-552H,t=40 h,R=2.125,T=27.5℃,I=3%,且验证可行(P0.05)。因此,该研究结果将为工业化酵母固态发酵仔猪配合饲料的工艺提供试验与理论支撑。 相似文献
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为了筛选适宜固态发酵葡萄皮渣生产生物饲料的菌种,以葡萄皮渣为主要原料,以真蛋白含量为评价指标,采用产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌4株菌的单菌和多菌组合进行固体发酵试验筛选最佳发酵菌种,同时研究了固体培养基灭菌与不灭菌工艺对其产物真蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,葡萄皮渣固体培养基不灭菌发酵产物的真蛋白含量高于灭菌处理;4株菌中产朊假丝酵母单菌发酵后产物的真蛋白含量最高,为13.75%;产朊假丝酵母和嗜酸乳杆菌双菌组合的发酵效果优于三菌和四菌发酵,发酵后产物的真蛋白含量最高,为13.88%。由该试验结果可以确定固态发酵葡萄皮渣的最佳菌种组合为产朊假丝酵母+嗜酸乳杆菌。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2017,(16):30-36
为研究消毒灭菌处理对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料发酵效果的影响及评价发酵饲料在幼参保苗期的应用效果,本研究首先采用65℃湿热灭菌30 min的方式对饲料原料进行灭菌处理,以酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为发酵菌种进行发酵。分别测定灭菌后发酵饲料(A)、灭菌后未发酵饲料(B)、未灭菌发酵饲料(C)和未灭菌未发酵饲料(D)4个不同处理组制备的刺参饲料的发酵菌比例、干物质回收率、粗蛋白含量、感官分值等指标,确定发酵饲料的制备工艺;在此基础上,开展了规模化养殖过程中发酵饲料对幼参生长和生理的影响研究。结果显示,饲料原料是否进行灭菌处理对发酵饲料中发酵菌比例、干物质回收率、粗蛋白含量、感官分值等无显著影响(P>0.05),但发酵处理对饲料的干物质回收率、粗蛋白含量、感官分值影响显著(P<0.05)。进而确定刺参发酵饲料的制备工艺为原材料不需要灭菌处理。分别投喂发酵饲料和未发酵饲料的刺参生长及生理检测结果表明,发酵饲料组的稚参增重率[(26.14±0.18)%]和特定生长率[(2.11±0.04)%/d]均显著高于投喂未发酵饲料的[分别为(25.40±0.18)%和(2.03±0.04)%/d](P<0.05),其生理状态也优于投喂未发酵饲料组。由此可见,在本试验的半密闭发酵条件下,饲料原料进行消毒灭菌处理后对发酵效果的影响不明显;在幼参保苗期将饲料进行适当的发酵有利于刺参的健康、快速生长。相关研究结果将为刺参健康养殖及发酵饲料的规模化生产与应用提供理论支持。 相似文献
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试验采用2×3因子试验设计,即两种饲料:动物性蛋白为主的饲料和植物性蛋白为主的饲料,三种加工方式:发酵、煮熟及水拌,比较其对仔猪生长性能、蛋白质消化率及饲粮和粪便中微生物数的影响。21日龄断奶健康杜长大仔猪60头,按体重接近、公母各半原则随机分为6个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复2头猪,饲养于同一代谢笼内,试验期15d。试验结果表明,仔猪日采食量极显著的受到加工调制方式的影响(P<0.01),煮熟组日采食量显著大于发酵组和水拌组(P<0.05);从日增重来看,煮熟组也显著大于发酵组和水拌组(P<0.05)。料重比和腹泻指数受加工调制方式或饲粮种类的影响均不显著(P>0.05),但发酵组料重比最低。加工调制方式与饲粮种类间交互作用不显著(P>0.05)。与水拌比较,发酵和煮熟加工一定程度上改善了饲料蛋白质消化率(P>0.05),特别是对植物性饲料提高的比例更大。发酵加工能提高饲料中乳酸杆菌的含量,有效的减少仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌的数量。 相似文献
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通过单菌种固态发酵、复合菌种固态发酵以及不同配比的复合菌种固态发酵试验,对能够将芦笋老茎转化为反刍动物饲料的微生物菌种进行了筛选。结果表明,由青霉(Penicillium sp.)F-5、暗孢毛壳(Chaetomium atrosporum)F-21、曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)F-25菌株组成的配比为2:2:3的复合菌种是效果最好的菌种组合。芦笋老茎生料培养基经该复合菌种5 d固态发酵后,发酵产物中可溶性蛋白含量达到4.80 mg/g,与对照组相比增加了39.94%;粗蛋白含量达到11.18%,与对照组相比增加了38.54%;纤维素由22.74%降低到22.32%,降低了1.85%;木质素由12.90%降低到10.53%,降低了18.37%。这些结果证明芦笋老茎经微生物发酵后能转化为良好的高蛋白反刍动物饲料。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(7)
探讨毕赤酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌3种菌种发酵浓缩饲料产生乳酸的可行性,建立生产新型富含小肽的优质蛋白质饲料工艺参数,并对其营养成分进行分析评定。采用混合菌厌氧发酵的方法,以p H值、乳酸和酸性蛋白含量为考察指标,以不加抗生素的断奶仔猪浓缩料为发酵对象,研究接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度、菌种比例对发酵后浓缩饲料中乳酸和酸性蛋白含量的影响。以产乳酸和酸性蛋白含量为指标,优化后发酵浓缩料的最佳工艺条件为:接种量为10%、发酵时间为60 h、发酵温度25℃、菌种比例112。浓缩饲料经3种菌混合发酵后p H值由6.5降低到5.10,乳酸含量明显提高,酸性蛋白含量提高了25.61%,发酵浓缩饲料的营养价值有明显改善。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献