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1.
一株鸭肝炎病毒的分离与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
从山东某养殖场送检的疑似鸭病毒性肝炎病料中分离到一株病毒（暂命名为SD株）,分别用鸭胚、雏鸭进行传代和病毒含量测定,E1-E8代鸭胚适应毒的ELD50在1015^-5.0-10^-6.0／0．1mL之间,E1、E2代鸭肝组织毒的LD50分别为10^-5.5／0．1mL、10^-6.7／0．1mL。动物回归试验结果表明,SD株鸭胚适应毒E2对4日龄雏鸭的致死率为100％;雏鸭毒力测定试验结果表明SD株雏鸭肝组织毒E,代对12日龄内雏鸭具有较高致死率,12日龄后随着日龄的增大,雏鸭的死亡率逐渐降低;理化特性鉴定结果表明,SD株为无囊膜病毒,对脂溶剂（乙醚和氯仿）、胰酶、酸、热均不敏感,且无血凝性。血清交叉中和试验和交叉保护试验结果表明,在血清型上,SD株与DHV-1无关。通过对SD株与韩国N-DHVVP1基因的序列比对和进化树分析,发现二者同源性在99％以上。结果证实,SD株是新型鸭病毒性肝炎病毒,而不是DHV-1。  相似文献   

2.
将分离的一株DHv—Ⅰ野毒株经鸡胚传代,培育出DHV—Ⅰ的80代鸡胚致弱毒GFS99株。该弱毒株对1日龄雏鸭无致病性;在雏鸭体内连续盲传5代,也未出现毒力返强现象;1日龄雏鸭免疫100倍稀释的尿囊液弱毒GFS99后7天攻强毒GQY07株,保护率高达100％,且7日龄时即可产生高峰期中和抗体,后抗体效价有所下降,但易感期的3周内抗体保持较高水平;另外该弱毒的外源病原检验结果均为阴性和特异性实验结果良好。综上述结果表明,该弱毒GFS99株无外源病毒污染、特异性强、安全性好、遗传性稳定、免疫原性强,可以作为制备DHV—Ⅰ弱毒疫苗的候选株。  相似文献   

3.
从雏鸭流行病群的病料,获一分离物。它致死非免鸡胚和无母源NDV抗体一日龄来杭雏鸡100％;免疫中雏,11天后NDVF_(48)E_8强毒攻击得安全结果。也能致死一日龄实验雏鸭50～100％;分别与NDV和DHV阳性血清中和,各自接种10只一日龄雏鸭,前中和组死雏鸭50％,后中和组全健活。最终实验证明该分离物,乃NDV自然弱毒株和DHV强毒株的混合物。发人兴趣的是以上混合毒在鸭胚繁殖时无鸡红细胞血凝,转接鸡胚一代,血凝度为1:16,二代为1:32～64。这一现象当以鸭胚分离时,易导致两者混合感染的忽视。  相似文献   

4.
鸭肝炎病毒的分离鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
取北京郊区某鸭场的病鸭肝脏制备病料,接种9~11日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔,结果显示所分离的毒株能使鸡胚发育迟缓,胚爪发育畸形,肝脏变绿。分离病毒接种2日龄健康雏鸭进行动物试验,能使雏鸭在2~3 d内100%发生死亡,其发病症状及剖检病理变化与自然发病的小鸭一致。分离毒对氯仿不敏感。病毒接种于鸭胚成纤维细胞后没有观察到明显的CPE。血清中和试验表明分离病毒能被I型鸭瘟病毒(DHV)标准血清所中和。应用RT-PCR方法对病鸭的肝脏悬液及鸭胚尿囊液进行检测并测序,证明所分离病毒为I型DHV。  相似文献   

5.
雏鸭病毒性肝炎的分离与初步鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
取北京郊区某鸭场的病鸭肝脏制备病料,通过9~11日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔接种,结果显示所分离的毒株能使鸡胚发育迟缓、胚爪发育畸形、肝脏变绿。分离病毒回2日龄健康雏鸭进行动物试验,能使雏鸭在2~3 d内100％发生死亡,其发病症状及剖检病理变化与自然发病的小鸭一致。分离毒株对氯仿不敏感。病毒接种于鸭胚成纤维细胞后没观察到明显的CPE。血清中和试验表明分离病毒能被I型DHV标准血清所中和,证明分离的野毒株血清型为I型DHV,且毒力很强。  相似文献   

6.
从辽宁省某鸭场疑似鸭病毒性肝炎病料中分离到一株病毒,经PCR检测初步鉴定其为鸭肝炎病毒,命名为YK株,应用易感鸭胚和雏鸭进行传代及病毒含量测定,E_1~E_5代鸭胚适应毒病毒含量在10~(6.5)~10~(6.9)ELD_(50)/0.2 m L之间,E2代鸭肝组织毒病毒含量为10~(6.3)LD_(50)/0.1 m L。动物试验结果表明,YK株鸭胚适应毒E_2代对7日龄雏鸭的致死率高达100%。序列测定分析表明,YK株与DHV-A的VP1基因同源性在71.4%~72.3%之间,与DHV-B的VP1基因同源性在71.9%~72.3%之间,与DHV-C的VP1基因同源性在94.3%~98.8%之间。试验表明,YK株与韩国新型鸭肝炎病毒在同一分支上,属于基因C型DHV。  相似文献   

7.
对珠江三角洲地区鸭肝发病雏鸭群进行病原分离、致病性试验及理化特性测定。结果共分离到9株野毒，初步研究结果表明该9株野毒具备Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒（DHV－Ⅰ）的基本特征，但其毒力具有不均一性。对7日龄雏鸭的致病力，其中3株LD50分别为10^-4.36/0.3mL,10^-4.17/0.3mL和10^-4.08/0.3mL；另外3株LD50分别为10^-2.48/0.3mL,10^-2.39/0.3mL和10^-2.19/0.3mL；其余3株对7日龄雏鸭无致病性，但2株对1日龄的雏鸭却有一定的致病性，1株无致病性。该研究成果为分析本地区鸭肝炎疫情变化提供了依据。  相似文献   

8.
Ⅳ型鸭肝炎病毒鸡胚化弱毒疫苗的研制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
将一株Ⅳ型鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)用鸡胚传代,培育出Ⅳ型鸭肝炎病毒63代鸡胚化弱毒疫苗株E63。该苗对1日龄雏鸭安全无致病性,免疫剂量为2.5×105.12个ELD50/只。用E63免疫1日龄雏鸭,7日龄时即可产生高峰期中和抗体,并可完全保护雏鸭抵抗同型强毒的攻击,此后中和抗体效价有所下降,但可持续至4周龄。疫苗在-20℃保存3~6个月后仍能保持良好的免疫原性。  相似文献   

9.
鸭病毒性肝炎实验室诊断方法的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
将鸭病毒性肝炎病毒（duck hepatitis virus DHV)(ATCC株）用鸡胚传一代后，测出此病毒的鸡胚半数致死量（ELD50）为10^-5.5。通过多次重复试验,闻利用鸡胚中和试验和雏鸭中和试验检测鸭病毒性肝炎（DVH）的诊断方法，7株DHV毒株在鸡胚中和试验中的结果是：胚传一代尿囊液死亡率为2／8－5／8，1：10血清中和保护率为8／8，1：1000肝病料死亡率为3／8－8／8，1：10血清中和保护率为8／8，正常对照全部存活，雏鸭中和试验的结果是：24小时内1：10肝病料死亡率为3／8－8／8，1：5血清中和保护率为8／8，正常对照全部存活。  相似文献   

10.
取疑似雏鸭病毒性肝炎病死鸭肝脏制成1:1匀浆,分别接种9日龄鸡胚和11日龄鸭胚,鸡、鸭胚均于接种后24～36小时全部死亡,取鸡胚尿囊膜制成1:2匀浆接种11日龄鸭胚,鸭胚于接种后64小时死亡,取鸡胚尿囊液回归4日龄雏鸭进行人工发病雏鸭于24～96小时全部死亡;用已知抗鸭肝病毒卵黄液对发病鸭群紧急被动免疫注射,病鸭群于注射后3天全面停止死亡,取鸡、鸭胚尿囊液制成油乳剂免疫产蛋鸡,免疫后21天的鸡卵黄经3倍稀释,1ml可抵抗10~(-2)0.5ml鸡胚尿囊液对2日龄樱桃谷鸭的致病性,获100％保护,而对照鸭的发病率为100％,致死率为66.7％,从而确诊某鸭群为雏鸭病毒性肝炎,用鸭肝病毒无需灭活制成油乳剂免疫产蛋鸡以制取抗鸭肝病毒鸡源性卵黄抗体防治雏鸭病毒性肝炎,取材方便,制作简单,疗效显著,值得推广和应用。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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