共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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动物防疫行政执法主体是指能以自己名义行使动物防疫监督职权，作出影响管理相对人权利义务的行政行为，并能由其本身对外承担行政法律责任的机构。 《动物防疫法》颁布以来，由于其配套法规至今没有出台，国家尚未对动物防疫行政执法主体的机构名称作出明确、具体的规定。因此，在一些地方出现了多头执法，内部争执法权的问题，已经影响到《动物防疫法》的实施。１导致我国动物防疫行政执法主体混乱的原因１．１ １９９２年４月８日农业部发布的《家畜家禽防疫条例实施细则》规定，县级以上人民政府农牧主管部门所属的兽医卫生监督检验机… 相似文献
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随着《动物防疫法》的颁布实施，国家对动物防疫监督工作提出了更高的要求，但在动物防疫监督工作中还存在一些不可忽视的问题，直接影响动物检疫、监督工作的深入开展和到位，现将存在的问题和对策分述如下：１存在的主要问题１．１机构设置过细，不利于检疫、监督工作的开展《动物防疫法》规定实施动物防疫监督工作的执法主体是动物防疫监督机构，而目前有的县（市、区）设有畜牧兽医（防疫）站、动物检疫站、兽医卫生监督检验所等机构。尤其是在检疫与监督机构分设的地方难免会出现工作各自为政、相互扯皮等现象，消弱了检疫、监督职能。… 相似文献
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《动物防疫法》第六条第三款授权县级以上人民政府所属动物防疫监督机构实施动物防疫和动物防疫监督,从而确立了动物防疫监督机构的行政执法主体地位。但由于这一机构与目前承担动物防疫和动物防疫监督工作的机构在名称上和职能上均有所不同,给动物防疫监督执法造成了一定困难。因此,如何设置动物防疫监督机构这一问题成为业内人士议论的焦点。笔者就此谈一些自己的观点,供商榷。对于如何设置动物防疫监督机构,笔者的建议是：（）合并原有机构,争取编制,统一名称,依法建立动物防疫监督机构。（2）合理分工,明晰职责;制定相应规章… 相似文献
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随着《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》的颁布实施，各级动物防疫监督机构在对动物防疫工作的管理及预防、控制和扑灭动物疫病中做了大量工作。随之而来也出现了相当数量不服动物防疫监督机构具体行政行为的情况。出现这种情形时，相当部分当事人选择了向上一级动物防疫监督机构提出复议申请，由其作出复议决定。笔者认为，由上级动物防疫监督机构承担复议职能存在较多不妥，理由如下：１违背《行政复议法》的规定根据政府部门的划分，动物防疫监督机构本身不是行政机关，其行政职能是依《动物防疫法》的授权而享有。根据《行政复议法》第十五条… 相似文献
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存在的问题一、机构名称不规范 ,管理体制不顺目前 ,我国动物防疫监督机构名称较多 ,但基本上有畜牧兽医站、动物检疫站、兽医卫生监督所(动物防疫监督所)三种形式 ,有的地方三个机构合署办公、有的地方两个机构合署办公、有的地方三个机构分开办公。因而 ,在实际工作中容易造成争夺动物防疫监督执法权 ,工作上互相扯皮、推诿、内耗严重等问题 ,直接影响着动物检疫工作的开展。另外 ,肉类原料(活体动物)以及未经加工熟制的肉类产品的安全由畜牧部门管理 ;动物的检疫与屠宰管理、检验相分离 ,动物检疫由畜牧部门管理 ,动物屠宰、检验由商品流… 相似文献
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动物防疫行政执法的效力是指动物防疫监督机构按照程序对管理相对人实施行政执法行为而产生的法律效力。包括拘束力、确定力和执行力。１拘束力亦称约束力，它是动物防疫行政执法行为对动物防疫监督机构和管理相对人的约束力。表现为两个方面：１．１对管理相对人的拘束力管理相对人对动物防疫行政执法行为为其所设定的义务必须完全、实际地履行，否则，将承担相应的法律后果。如动物防疫行政处罚产生管理相对人履行处罚决定的义务。１．２对动物防疫监督机构的拘束力动物防疫监督机构无权自由处分、变更依法有效的行政执法行为。如个体兽医… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献