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福建省主要养殖区海水网箱养殖鱼类刺激隐核虫病的调查及防控对策 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
调查了2007、2008年福建省主要养殖区海水网箱养殖鱼类危害最大的寄生虫疾病--刺激隐核虫病的流行情况,分析病因并提出了防控对策. 相似文献
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刺激隐核虫感染能够导致海水鱼类感染“白点病”,而大黄鱼是受“白点病”影响最严重的海水养殖鱼类。为了探究刺激隐核虫感染对大黄鱼生理生化指标及免疫指标的影响,本研究利用刺激隐核虫人工感染大黄鱼,分别在感染后0、12、24、48和72 h采集血液、肝脏、脾脏、肠、鳃、头肾和皮肤组织,并检测血清皮质酮、皮质醇以及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量等指标的变化。同时使用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）实验检测肝脏、脾脏、肠、鳃、头肾和皮肤组织中TNF-α、IL-8和IL-1β基因的表达量。结果显示,在大黄鱼感染刺激隐核虫后的0~72 h内,实验组大黄鱼表现出刺激隐核虫病的发病症状;血清皮质醇和皮质酮含量显著增加;肝脏GSH-Px活性极显著降低;肝脏SOD活性极显著增加;肝脏MDA含量在0~12 h内急剧增加并达到峰值,随后含量缓慢降低;各组织中的TNF-α、IL-8和IL-1β的表达量均有不同程度的上调,在鳃、头肾、肝脏和皮肤中上调最为显著。研究表明,刺激隐核虫感染后有明显变化的皮质类激素含量和氧化应激指标能够反映大黄鱼的感染程度,有助于进一步辅助抗虫表型测量的优化。 相似文献
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小瓜虫病是淡水鱼类和观赏鱼类的一种常见寄生虫病。鱼感染小瓜虫后，在血清和体表黏液中产生抗体，这种抗体主要是鱼受到小瓜虫体细胞表面膜蛋白的刺激，通过血液和体表黏液中淋巴细胞产生出来的，以阻止小瓜虫的运动并杀死虫体。目前还没有正式用于生产的小瓜虫疫苗，但实验室疫苗已研制成功，包括经冷冻和福尔马林处理后的死疫苗、小瓜虫活疫茁以及小瓜虫基因疫苗等。综述了，多年来小瓜虫病的免疫研究概况、鱼类对小瓜虫免疫反应类型、反应机制以及抗小瓜虫疫苗等。 相似文献
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对刺激隐核虫(Cryptocaryon irritans)的小GTP酶Ran基因(Ci Ran)进行研究,以期为刺激隐核虫病原生物学研究及其防治提供理论基础。从刺激隐核虫滋养体/包囊前期cDNA文库中筛选出Ci Ran基因的克隆,利用生物信息学方法对CiRan基因及其编码的蛋白进行结构与功能的预测;通过逆转录PCR检测CiRan的mRNA。结果表明其在刺激隐核虫的各个发育阶段均有表达。对CiRan基因开放阅读框内的非通用密码子进行改造,并构建重组质粒p GEX-4T-1/CiRan,将其转化到大肠杆菌(E.coli)后成功表达分子量为51.3 kD的重组融合蛋白rCiRan。用rCiRan蛋白免疫鼠血清进行免疫印迹分析,结果表明,抗rCiRan血清能识别刺激隐核虫各期虫体的天然CiRan蛋白,其表观分子量为25.3 kD,与根据编码基因序列推测出的理论值相符;以rCiRan的抗血清做间接免疫荧光抗体实验,结果表明天然CiRan蛋白在幼虫的细胞质和细胞核内均有分布,且在核膜周围富集,佐证了该分子潜在的功能。 相似文献
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刺激隐核虫及其防治措施的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在海水鱼类中,致病力最强的寄生虫是被称为"海水鱼白点病"的病原--刺激隐核虫(Cryptocaryon irritus)。它寄生在鱼的体表、鳃,引起鱼的活动异常、上皮增生、呼吸困难以及机械损伤继而带来病原菌的继发感染等病状。 刺激隐核虫是一种寄生于热带、亚热带海水鱼类的遍生性(周身遍布纤毛)纤毛虫。在野生的海洋鱼类,很少引起疾病, 相似文献
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海水观赏鱼的刺激隐核虫病又称白点病，对水产养殖和海水观赏鱼的养殖危害很大。本文就刺激隐核虫的分类地位及形态特点；生活史；感染的典型症状以及刺激隐核虫病的治疗进行了描述。并对铜离子治疗海洋水观赏鱼白点病及剂量控制；淡水浴或低盐度溶液疗海水观赏鱼白点病；刺激隐核虫不同株的研究和刺激隐核虫的繁殖进行了讨论。同时对引发海水观赏鱼白点病的原因及机理以及水族箱中新进鱼和老鱼同时发生白点病进行了分析。 相似文献
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<正>刺激隐核虫(Cryptocaryon irritans Brown),又叫海水小瓜虫(Ichthyophthirius marinus),属原生动物门、纤毛亚门、寡膜纤毛纲、膜口亚纲、膜口目、凹口科、隐核虫属。刺激隐核虫无特定宿主,几乎危害所有海水养殖鱼类,包括大黄鱼、大菱鲆、黑鲷、红笛鲷、石斑鱼、卵形鲳鲹等。近几年来在福建、浙江、广东等主要海水鱼类养殖地区刺激隐核虫暴发频繁,造成了较为严重的经济损失。一、主要流行特点刺激隐核虫主要寄生于海水鱼体 相似文献
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Cryptocaryon irritans recombinant proteins as potential antigens for sero‐surveillance of cryptocaryonosis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Cryptocaryonosis is a major problem for mariculture, and the absence of suitable sero‐surveillance tools for the detection of cryptocaryonosis makes it difficult to screen Cryptocaryon irritans‐infected fish, particularly asymptomatic fish. In this study, we proposed a serum‐based assay using selected C. irritans proteins to screen infected and asymptomatic fish. Eight highly expressed genes were chosen from an earlier study on C. irritans expressed sequence tags and ciliate glutamine codons were converted to universal glutamine codons. The chemically synthesized C. irritans genes were then expressed in an Escherichia coli expression host under optimized conditions. Five C. irritans proteins were successfully expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. These proteins were used as antigens in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen sera from experimentally immunized fish and naturally infected fish. Sera from both categories of fish reacted equally well with the expressed C. irritans recombinant proteins as well as with sonicated theronts. This study demonstrated the utility of producing ciliate recombinant proteins in a heterologous expression host. An ELISA was successfully developed to diagnose infected and asymptomatic fish using the recombinant proteins as antigens. 相似文献
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Cutaneous antibodies in excised skin from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, immune to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This study determined whether cutaneous antibodies were present in the excised skin of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, immune to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ich). Theronts were immobilized on or near the excised skin from immune fish. The survival of immobilized theronts was significantly reduced after exposure for 8 h to the culture of excised skin from immune fish. Culture fluids from excised skin of immune fish immobilized theronts with a peak in the immobilization titre at 24 h post-exposure. Immobility of theronts in the culture fluid from immune skin was removed after immunoabsorption with theronts. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of theronts treated with culture fluid from excised skin of immune fish revealed strong and uniform fluorescence on the cilia and cell surface of theronts. Western blot analysis of the culture fluid from immune fish revealed a 70-kDa band which corresponded to the molecular weight of catfish immunoglobulin heavy chain. The results of this study show that cutaneous antibodies to Ich theronts were present in and released from the excised skin from fish immune to Ich. Immobilization and killing of the theronts are two characteristics of the antibody response that appear to prevent the successful invasion of theronts into excised skin. 相似文献
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Jun-Jin Deng Shun Xu Yan-Wei Li Dong-Dong Xu Ze-Quan Mo Jia-Zhou Li Xue-Ming Dan Xiao-Chun Luo 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(12):1541-1552
Cryptocaryon irritans, a pathogen model for fish mucosal immunity, causes skin mucosal and systematic humoral immune response. Where and how MHC II antigen presentation occurs in fish infected with C. irritans remain unknown. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the grouper cysteine protease CTSS was cloned. The expression distributions of six genes (CTSB, CTSL, CTSS, GILT, MHC IIA and MHC IIB) involved in MHC II antigen presentation pathway were tested. These genes were highly expressed in systematic immune tissues and skin and gill mucosal-associated immune tissues. All six genes were upregulated in skin at most time points. Five genes expected CTSS was upregulated in spleen at most time points. CTSB, CTSL and MHC IIA were upregulated in the gill and head kidney at some time points. These results indicate that the presentation of MHC II antigen intensively occurred in local infected skin and gill. Spleen, not head kidney, had the most extensive systematic antigen presentation. In skin, six genes most likely peaked at day 2, earlier than in spleen (5–7 days), marking an earlier skin antibody peak than any recorded in serum previously. This significant and earlier mucosal antigen presentation indicates that specific immune response occurs in local mucosal tissues. 相似文献
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Cryptocaryon irritans Brown 1951, the cause of ‘white spot disease’ in marine fish: an update 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cryptocaryon irritans Brown 1951, a holotrichous ciliate parasite of marine fishes, causes marine white spot disease. In aquaria, C. irritans can cause acute damage and heavy mortalities to marine teleosts. Although first described 60 years ago, only within the last decade has detailed information emerged concerning its life cycle, transmission and pathogenesis. An update of our knowledge of this important aquarium fish parasite is presented here.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, confers protection against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present study aimed to determine whether protection is conferred by immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans. The immunization of E. coioides was carried out by a low level exposure of fish to live C. irritans theronts from predetermined number of tomonts and by an intraperitoneal injection of a vaccine consisting of formalin-killed C. irritans theronts.
Mucus titers detected by ELISA were significantly higher in fingerling and adult grouper subjected to the low level of exposure to C. irritans theronts at 3-week post-exposure compared to fish that had no previous exposure. In addition, significantly smaller tomonts were produced from adult grouper after three successive exposures than the tomonts produced after a single exposure to the parasite.
In the vaccine-immunization experiment, no mortality was monitored in fish that received high dose vaccine (100 μg/fish), while 40% cumulative mortality and 100% cumulative mortality were recorded in low dose group (10 μg/fish) and control group (PBS-injected), respectively. In the succeeding replicate, the vaccine-immunized group (high dose) had 37.5% cumulative mortality and 100% cumulative mortality for the control. In addition, a total of 1830 tomonts were collected at 5-day post-challenge from the control group while none from the vaccine-immunized group. Significantly fewer trophonts and tomonts were enumerated at 5-day and 7-day post-challenge, respectively, in the vaccine-immunized group than the control.
Results suggest that a protective immunity has been conferred on the immunized grouper as indicated by high antibody titers in the mucus of C. irritans-exposed fish and higher survival and fewer parasites in vaccine-immunized fish than the control groups. The conferred immunity played a major role in preventing or limiting the adhesion, invasion, and development of C. irritans theronts on the skin of the immunized grouper. 相似文献
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Ji Hyun Kim Sophie Fridman Hamutal Borochov‐Neori Tamar Sinai Dina Zilberg 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):431-438
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been shown to possess antimicrobial properties against a range of disease‐causing agents, including fish parasites. Our study aimed to investigate the potential use of garlic as a treatment against Cryptocaryon irritans infection, using guppies (Poecilia reticulata) as the fish model. Garlic was freeze‐dried, powdered, and used as it is or as an aqueous extract. The content of allicin, its main active ingredient, was 1.25 mg/g in garlic powder and 0.82 mg/ml in the aqueous extract, as determined by HPLC analysis. Aqueous garlic extract fully immobilized C. irritans theronts and protomonts within 20 and 40 min, respectively, following exposure to 5 µl/ml. Treatment trials were performed, in which infected fish were fed with garlic powder‐supplemented feeds (5%, 10%, or 20% supplementation), bathed in garlic aqueous extract (250 or 500 µl/L) and subjected to a combined treatment which included both feeding and bathing. Results revealed that the tested treatments failed to cure the infection, though reduction in infection intensity on the caudal fin, but not on the gills, was evident following dietary supplementation with 20% of powdered garlic in one of the trials. 相似文献
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Catherine Cheng Yun Chieng Hassan Mohd Daud Fatimah Md Yusoff Kim Dawn Thompson Maha Abdullah 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(10):1249-1258
Groupers are popular aquaculture species in South-East Asia, but their cultivation is affected by infectious disease outbreaks. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues provide a first-line defence against pathogens; however, few studies are available relating to cellular or proteomic responses of mucosal immunity in grouper. Skin, gill and intestine were sampled from brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) at 4 and 96 hr post-infection (hpi) and 7 days post-infection (dpi) following intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio harveyi, and stained with haematoxylin/eosin and Alcian Blue/periodic acid–Schiff. Skin mucus was analysed by 2D-gel electrophoresis, and proteins modulated by the bacterial infection identified. In the infected fish, significant increases in sacciform cells in skin and increased levels of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in mucus were detected at 4 hpi. At 96 hpi, goblet cells containing acidic mucins significantly increased in the intestine, while those containing mixed mucins increased in skin and gills of infected fish. Proteasome subunit alpha type-I and extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase levels also increased in mucus. Rodlet and mast cells did not appear to respond to the infection. Mucosal tissues of grouper appeared actively involved in response to Vibrio infection. This information may help future research on improving grouper health, production and vaccine development. 相似文献
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This study investigated antibody mediated immune response against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) by determining whether theronts would retain the potential for reinfection, both in vitro and in vivo, after treatment with the culture fluid of excised skin from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , immune to Ich. The invasion was reduced significantly ( P < 0.05) for theronts treated with the immune culture fluid compared with those treated with the culture fluid from naive fish. The treatment of theronts with the immune culture fluid greatly reduced the size and survival of trophonts compared with those treated with the culture fluid from naive fish. Fewer fish were infected and the infection density was less for fish exposed to theronts treated with immune culture fluid. The infection was severe for fish invaded by theronts treated with the culture fluid from naive fish, with a high number of infected fish and heavy density of trophonts per fish. All fish were infected by Ich when exposed to the theronts treated with the immunoadsorbed culture fluid. In summary, results of this study show that cutaneous antibodies in the culture fluid of excised skin from immune fish significantly reduces theront infectivity by immobilizing or weakening theronts. 相似文献
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Abstract. The host-parasite relationship between O-group carp and the ciliatc Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet was investigated, with the specific aim of characterizing the fate of parasites encountering immunized fish. Carp were immunized by repeated controlled infections; immunized fish and control fish naive to I. multifiliis were then infected in the caudal fin epidermis by a single controlled exposure to theronts, which were applied in a droplet suspension to the tail surface. The number of parasites present within the caudal fin was monitored over a subsequent 5-day period by means of in situ parasite mapping. Results indicated that, contrary to previous reports, theronts penetrated the skin of immunized fish in numbers comparable to those of fish receiving a primary infection. However, the majority of parasites which penetrated immune skin did not complete normal development; 79% of the parasites which had initially penetrated the immune skin were not relocated within 2h of exposure, and since no parasite material was detected at penetration sites, it was concluded that these parasites had prematurely exited the skin rather than been killed in situ. Subsequently, these sites became populated by leucocytes, predominantly macrophages, and the infiltrations continued for up to 5 days after the initial exposure. In contrast, at sites where mature trophonts had exited the skin of fish following a primary infection, more diffuse leucocytic infiltrations were recorded, and these were predominated by neutrophils. Differences in the response to parasite exit from immunized and previously unexposed control fish skin are discussed, with particular reference to the mode of protection and the fate of parasites encountering immune fish. 相似文献