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通过水稻不同施磷量及运筹试验,探讨对产量及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明：以每667m^2施P_2O_5 8kg,即基施P_2O_5 50％（4kg／667m^2）＋倒5叶50％（4kg／667m^2）产量最高;同时合理磷肥用量能显著提高磷肥利用率,特别是提高拔节至抽穗期吸磷量是提高水稻产量重要途径;最佳施磷量及运筹,当季磷肥利用率在35％左右,成熟期植株最佳含磷为0．555％,百公斤稻谷吸磷量以1．11kg为最佳。 相似文献
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超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析 总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42
以具代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料, 用汕优63作对照, 比较研究了超级中籼杂交稻物质生产与分配的特性。 超级稻具有显著的物质生产与积累优势, 产量随成熟期物质积累量的增加而提高。 超级稻的物质生产优势集中在中期和后期, 产量与拔节前的干物质积累量相关不显著, 与拔节至抽穗期的积累量呈显著正相关, 与抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈极显著正相关; 超级稻抽穗期营养器官贮存了较多的结构物质但干物质表观输出量均低于对照, 平均少148.5 kg/hm2, 表观输出率也低, 平均低2.5个百分点。 超级稻的叶面积及光合势的显著提高促进了群体生产率的提高, 大田期平均群体生产率比对照高4542 (m2·d)/hm2。 相似文献
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不同栽培方式对水稻产量和物质生产特征影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以武运粳24号和南粳44为材料,对钵苗机栽、精确点抛和毯苗机插3种栽培方式水稻的产量、干物质积累、茎蘖动态、LAI等进行比较研究。结果表明,不同栽培方式间水稻产量存在显著差异,钵苗机栽、精确点抛产量极显著高于毯苗机插,钵苗机栽显著高于精确点抛,产量差异主要来源于每穗粒数;物质生产上,移栽至N-n期钵苗机栽和精确点抛物质积累量多于毯苗机插,无效分蘖期毯苗机插物质积累量较多,至拔节期不同栽培方式干物质量相当,拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期钵苗机栽、精确点抛水稻物质积累量极显著高于毯苗机插,钵苗机栽显著高于精确点抛。说明与毯苗机插相比,钵苗机栽、精确点抛水稻全生育期干物质积累(除无效分蘖期)都具有一定优势,特别是生育中、后期光合能力强,物质积累多,LAI较大,叶片不早衰,结实率和千粒重较高,且钵苗机栽优于精确点抛。 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2017,(1):52-61
以杂交中籼稻F优498为材料,采用3因素裂区设计,研究不同秧龄、水肥管理模式和穴插苗数对水稻不同层级茎蘖干物质生产特性和产量的影响。结果表明:除抽穗期穗部干物质积累量外,抽穗期和成熟期各器官及整株的干物质积累量以及抽穗至成熟期穗部和整株的干物质增加量均与产量极显著正相关;各处理1次分蘖对产量的贡献均最高,除35 d秧龄下穴插2苗处理主茎的产量高于2次分蘖外,其它处理均是2次分蘖的产量高于主茎;分别与35 d秧龄处理和穴插2苗处理比较,65 d秧龄处理和穴插单苗处理抽穗期和成熟期主茎、1次分蘖和全株的干物质积累量显著降低,2次分蘖的干物质积累量则显著提高;65 d秧龄处理各级茎蘖的茎鞘物质转运率和贡献率均显著低于35 d秧龄处理,2次分蘖的茎鞘物质转运率和贡献率显著低于主茎和1次分蘖;适龄移栽有利于高产,而在长秧龄条件下,应在拔节之前移栽,穴插单苗,同时采用干湿交替灌溉对其有效调控。 相似文献
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长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产群体干物质积累与分配特性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为给长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产(>9 000 kg·hm-2)生产提供理论与实践依据,以中筋小麦新品种扬麦20为材料,通过氮素运筹(氮肥施用量、施用时期和比例)和基本苗调控建立稻茬小麦不同产量水平群体,研究超高产群体干物质积累与分配特性。结果表明,合理调控拔节期至孕穗期及适量增加孕穗期至开花期群体干物质积累量,在开花期干物质积累适量的基础上,重点促进花后干物质积累量,增加成熟期干物质积累量,是长江中下游稻茬小麦实现超高产的关键。稻茬小麦超高产群体开花期干物质积累量为12 800～13 600 kg·hm-2,花后及成熟期干物质积累量分别达7 200、20 000 kg·hm-2以上。开花期群体叶片干物质积累量与花后、成熟期干物质积累量呈抛物线关系,茎鞘、穗干物质积累量与成熟期干物质积累量呈极显著线性正相关,表明开花期叶片干物质积累量达到3 300～3 400 kg·hm-2,茎鞘、穗干物质积累量分别达7 500、2 000 kg·hm-2以上,有利于提高群体花后干物质积累量和产量。 相似文献
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【目的】添加生化抑制剂是提高水稻肥料利用率的有效途径之一。本研究旨在结合不同施肥模式揭示其节肥增效的群体优势,寻找适合黄泥田地区水稻高产高效的施用方式。【方法】采用二因素随机区组设计,研究生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式(一次性和分次施肥)互作对黄泥田水稻群体质量的影响。【结果】尿素分次施用处理水稻有效茎蘖数、有效叶面积指数(LAI)、抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量、抽穗期SPAD值和籽粒产量较一次性施用处理分别显著提高0.8%、24.0%、9.3%、1.5%和14.2%。不同施肥模式下,配施生化抑制剂组合N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺/N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺+2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(NBPT/NPPT+CP)显著提高水稻有效茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率,增加抽穗后干物质积累量,增大有效LAI,增加抽穗期SPAD值,提高水稻粒叶比,改善源库关系。相关性分析表明,抽穗至成熟期干物质累积与水稻籽粒产量呈显著正相关。新型脲酶抑制剂N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺(NPPT)单独施用及与2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP)配施的水稻群体质量与N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)相似。【结论】通过施肥技术和抑制剂配施的集成与优化,可以改善黄泥田水稻群体质量,提高光合产物转化,获得更高产量。 相似文献
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试验研究播期对麦茬机插稻武运粳27号产量的影响,探讨不同播期条件下机插稻产量形成特征、干物质积累特性。结果表明,随播期推迟,机插稻武运粳27号实收产量显著下降,糙米产量、精米产量、整精米产量及精米蛋白质产量呈下降趋势。早播处理的穗数、每穗颖花数、结实率均显著高于晚播处理,千粒重差异不显著。受播期推迟的影响,抽穗期、成熟期干物质积累量与拔节-抽穗期、抽穗-成熟期干物质积累量及比例呈明显下降趋势,拔节期前干物质积累量及比例则升高。收获指数随播期推迟而下降。因此,稻麦两熟地区,机插稻武运粳27号早播可实现高产量,为稳定实现9.0 t/hm2以上的产量,最晚应在6月10日之前播种,并配套科学高产栽培措施。 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献