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山羊支原体性肺炎亦称山羊传染性胸膜肺炎,是由支原体(丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体)引起的山羊特有的高度接触性传染病。1流行特点病羊是该病的主要传染来源,在疫区中常出现营养不良且体温正常的山羊,但剖检时,肺脏常有陈旧的肺炎病灶。这种貌似健康、实则是患病的山羊,往往是不易引人注意的传染来源。 相似文献
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羊链球菌病是对绵羊、山羊具有严重危害的一种疫病,是由于感染溶血性链球菌而发生的一种急性、热性传染病。该病通常在气候寒冷的冬春季节发生,即每年的11月至次年4月。主要是体况比较弱的羊易感,往往呈现地方性流行,而老疫区往往呈散发。病羊临床上主要表现出体温升高,咽喉和下颌部发生肿胀,纤维素性肺炎。该病可通过多种途径传播,发病后以非常快的速度扩散,给养羊业造成严重的经济损失,应采取有效防控。 相似文献
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波尔山羊链球菌病是由溶血性链球菌引起的一种急性、热性传染病.绵羊对该病易感性高,波尔山羊次之.本病通过呼吸道传播,也可经皮肤创口或蚊、虱叮咬引起传播,病死羊的肉、骨、皮、毛等亦可散播病原.新病区本病常呈流行性发生,老疫区本病常呈地方性流行或散发.季节交替,圈舍潮湿、拥挤,饲养管理不良等因素均可诱发本病.
1 发病情况
某饲养户饲养波尔山羊86只,其中9只(大羊3只,羔羊6只)出现发病,病羊主要表现为精神不振,食欲减退,体温升高.随着病程发展,有2只患病羔羊死亡. 相似文献
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山羊传染性胸膜炎又称“烂肺病”，是山羊支原体引起的山羊特有的高度接触性传染病。在自然条件下，只发生于山羊。病羊表现为高热，咳嗽，肺和胸膜发生浆液性和纤维蛋白性炎症。本病常呈地方性流行，接触传染性强，主要通过空气-飞沫经呼吸道传染。新疫区的暴发几乎都是由于引入或迁入病羊或带菌羊而引起，发病后，在一群羊中传播迅速， 相似文献
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去冬今春,都安县龙湾乡龙焕,内闷两个村公所5个队的山羊发生了一种疾病,我们通过对流行病学的调查,临床诊断和显微镜检查证实为山羊疥螨病。一、流行和经济损失情况山羊疥螨病是由疥螨寄生于山羊皮肤上所引起的一种接触传染的慢性皮肤病。据调查,该病在疫区冬末春初严重流行,引起羊群大批死亡。这两个村公所5个队21户,山羊饲养量460只,患疥螨病死亡259只,死亡率为56.30％,直接经济损失达18 240元,户均损失868.57元。龙焕村加岭队罗孟克和韦敏 相似文献
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山羊传染性胸膜肺炎谷称“烂肺病”,是山羊高度接触性的呼吸系统传染病。该病临床上以卡他性鼻炎、咳嗽、结膜炎、呼吸带有锣音、纤维性胸膜肺炎和纤维性坏死性胸膜肺炎,以及部分母羊流产为主要特征。该病一般呈地方性流行,不同年龄的山羊均可感染,通常以3岁以下的山羊易感染,并主要发生于冬季和早春枯草季节。患羊和带菌羊是该病的主要传染源,其病原菌主要 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献