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本研究用睾丸组织切片和细胞悬浮液制备的减数分裂与联会复合体标本，观察研究了公牛扁牛减数分裂及精子发生过程。与以往的研究结果不同的是，发现有些公牛扁牛的部分精母细胞能够完成减数分裂的全过程，直至出现精子。但在整个过程中伴随着大量异常，破坏了精子生成的机能。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2017,(4)
进行有性生殖的开花植物在形成染色体减半的生殖细胞过程中发生的减数分裂,与花粉的育性有很大关系。多倍体桑树具有生长旺盛、叶片肥大、叶质优良和抗逆性较强等特点,但是花粉的育性较低。从细胞学水平观察同源四倍体桑品种陕桑402-1花粉母细胞(PMCs)减数分裂以及小孢子的形成过程,分析多倍体桑树花粉育性降低的原因。观察发现PMCs减数分裂过程与花蕾大小有一定的相关性,当花蕾直径在0.71~1.54 mm之间时,PMCs处于减数分裂时期。在减数分裂过程中观察到了多价体、落后染色体和分裂不同步等异常情况:处于中期Ⅰ的染色体构型以二价体和四价体为主;四分体时期则出现了二分体、三分体、含微核的异常四分体以及多分体现象。观察小孢子发育分为4个时期,包括四分体时期、单核期、单核靠边期、双核期。初步推测陕桑402-1的PMCs在减数分裂过程出现上述异常情况,是导致其花粉育性降低的细胞学因素。 相似文献
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过冷却处理家蚕卵对四倍体诱发率及后代性比的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
探讨了家蚕盛产卵后不同时间的卵过冷却处理对四倍体诱发率和后代三倍体性比发生的影响。不同杂交组合材料盛产卵后不同时间卵所处的分裂期不同 ,影响到四倍体雌蚕的诱发率 ,处于第一分裂期的卵数越多 ,诱发率越高 ;诱发的四倍体与正常二倍体交配产生的三倍体蚕雌雄比例由 3∶1变为 5∶1是由于四倍体减数分裂中性染色体的行为 ,性比 3∶1时 ,仅是Z与Z、W与W之间的联会 ,其后随着这种联会增加 ,Z与W之间的联会也逐渐开始 ,从而使雌雄比例接近 5∶1。 相似文献
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本研究用睾丸组织切片和细胞悬浮液制备的减数分裂与联会复合体标本,观察研究了公Ｐｉａｎ牛减数分裂及精子发生过程。与以往的研究结果不同的是,发现有些公Ｐｉａｎ牛的部分精母细胞能够完成减数分裂的全过程,直至出现精子。但在整个过程中伴随着大量异常,破坏了精子生成的机能。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2015,(2)
<正>联会复合体蛋白FKBP6是哺乳动物精子发生减数分裂联会复合体形成必需的。采用RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR技术对牦牛和犏牛b-FKBP6基因的组织表达特征,以及牦牛与犏牛睾丸组织中b-FKBP6 mRNA表达水平进行了分析。结果显示:b-FKBP6基因在牦牛、犏牛睾丸和卵巢组织中特异表达,且牦牛睾丸组织中b-FKBP6mRNA表达水平极显著高于犏牛(P0.01)。结合犏牛精子发生减数分裂联会复合体形成障碍表型,推测睾丸组织b-FKBP6 mRNA表达 相似文献
7.
牦牛远缘杂交后代减数分裂与雄性不育关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用改进的界面铺展－－硝酸杂色技术，对公犏牛及公尕里嘏牛的减数分及联会复合体进行观察，发现Ｆ１、Ｆ２代杂发牛的部分精母细胞能够完成九分裂的全过程，址对出现了。但是，Ｆ２代减数分裂和精子发生状况较Ｆ１代有所改善。杂交后代个体间的可育程度存在差异。有一头Ｆ３公牛的生精机能扫近正常。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2015,(7)
为探索猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)对仔猪的致病机理,采用免疫组化方法和HE染色对人工感染PCV-2仔猪的呼吸、消化及淋巴系统主要器官进行抗原定位和组织病理观察。结果显示,淋巴器官的组织广泛分布阳性抗原,尤其在淋巴小结较为密集,组织出现不同程度的棕黄色着色,不均匀分布在胞质中。消化与呼吸系统的实质性器官功能性小叶不完整,组织结构紊乱,组织细胞呈不同程度的胞质溶解、胞核固缩及出现包涵体等病理变化。淋巴器官的组织细胞出现不同程度的裂解与消失,严重病例中大多数淋巴细胞成团消失,难以发现较为完整的淋巴小结,并在细胞质中出现球形的包涵体,也具有呈单或团状的类上皮样组织结构,细胞质出现溶解或消失,仅剩细胞膜的结构,出现胞核固缩,导致组织的空泡化现象。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2015,(12):110-115
为探讨Aurora A激酶在猪卵母细胞成熟过程中的动态分布及其与细胞微管蛋白相关性,采用间接免疫荧光结合激光共聚焦显微成像技术,检测Aurora A蛋白的动态分布与亚细胞定位,然后分别使用Aurora A特异性抑制剂(MLN-8054)、微管蛋白抑制剂(秋水仙素)处理猪卵母细胞,研究Aurora A与细胞骨架分布的相关性。结果显示:在生发泡(GV)期,Aurora A主要分布在细胞质中,在第一次和第二次减数分裂中期,即MⅠ和MⅡ期,Aurora A则主要伴随着纺锤体分布,与纺锤体有着相似的亚细胞定位;使用Aurora A特异性抑制剂MLN-8054处理细胞后,与对照组相比,纺锤体形态异常的比例显著增加;使用秋水仙素处理细胞后,α-微管蛋白结构紊乱地分布在染色体周围或消失,而Aurora A蛋白或以异常形态伴随纺锤体分布,或消失。结果表明:猪卵母细胞成熟分裂过程中Aurora A与纺缍体微管的分布密切相关,并具有明显的阶段性特点,Aurora A可能通过参与调节纺锤体微管的组装进而参与猪卵母细胞减数分裂的调控。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
18.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献