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小麦茎基褐腐病病原菌组成及其致病力研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为明确小麦茎基褐腐病（brown foot rot）病原菌的组成,于2008-2009年春从江苏、安徽、河南、湖北、河北和四川6省48个县市的65个地点采集了具有茎基褐腐症状的病株,并分离到110株病原真菌。根据其培养性状、形态学特征以及分子生物学鉴定,可将这些病原菌分为4类,分别为小麦根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana,41株)、镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.,33株)、雪霉叶枯病菌(Microdochium nivale,24株)和黑附球菌(Epicoccum nigrum,12株)。对这些菌株在小麦苗期的致病力及重新分离得率的测定结果表明,4类病原菌之间的致病力存在明显差异,其中以小麦根腐离蠕孢(B. sorokiniana)发病率和致病力最强,其次是镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.),雪霉叶枯病菌(M. nivale)和黑附球菌(E. nigrum）则相对较弱;病菌的重新分离得率与其致病力呈正相关。 相似文献
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肉桂与丁香上的叶斑类真菌病害 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
报导1986～1989年在肉桂、锡兰肉桂、清化肉桂、小叶丁香和大叶丁香上发现的12种叶斑类真菌病害的症状、病原菌、病情及分布。12种病原菌中,肉桂圆褐斑病菌(Ascochyta cin-namomi P.K.Chi et S.Q.Chen)、肉桂斑枯病菌(Septoria cinnamomi S.M.Lin etP.K.Chi)、肉桂褐斑病菌(Sphaeropsis cinnamomi P.K.Chi et S.Q.Chen)、丁香叶桔病菌(Guignardia eugeniae s.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)和丁香灰斑病菌(Leptosphaeriaeugeniae S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)是新种。 相似文献
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报道1986～1989年在泰国大枫子、海南大枫子和印度马钱上发现的9种叶斑类真菌病害的症状、病原菌及病情、分布。9种病原菌中,大枫子褐斑病菌(Ascochyta hydnocarpi S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶枯病菌(Didymosphaeria strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶斑病菌(Microsphaeropsis strychoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)和马钱轮纹褐斑病菌(Mycosphaerella strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Cki)是新种。 相似文献
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绿豆炭腐病菌(Macrophomina phaseoli-na,异名为Rhizoctonia bataticola)是热带和亚热带地区侵害多种植物的毁灭性最大的病原菌之一。在这些地区经常出现的高温和干旱条件有利于这种病害的发生。这种病原菌引起的最常见的病害是炭腐、根干腐、萎蔫、叶枯、 相似文献
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为明确引起蓖麻种芽腐烂病害的病原菌种类,本研究采用常规组织分离法分离获得病原菌,根据柯赫氏法则对病原菌进行致病性测定,并结合形态学特征观察和分子生物学技术确定病原菌分类。结果表明,从蓖麻种芽病样组织中分离得到RFR1-4菌株为致病菌。形态学鉴定该菌为茄腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)。对致病菌株进行ITS、β-tubulin和TEF-1α基因分析,结果显示与Fusarium-ID数据库中的茄腐镰孢复合种(F. solani species complex)有100%的相似性。因此结合形态学鉴定结果,确定引起蓖麻种芽腐烂病害的病原菌为茄腐镰孢复合种。该病原鉴定对蓖麻种芽腐烂病害的防控有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
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近年在贵州省苏铁各栽培地发现一种叶枯病害,为明确其致病菌,采集苏铁叶枯病叶片样本数份,并对病原菌进行形态观察、致病性测定及r DNA-ITS序列分析。结果表明:经分离纯化获得的病原菌,通过柯赫氏法则,接种后出现的病害症状与直接采集到的病害标样症状一致,确定其为致病菌;对病原菌进行传统的形态学观察,结果显示病原菌分生孢子器和分生孢子的形态与拟茎点霉一致;将待测菌株r DNA-ITS序列与Gen Bank中相关菌株ITS序列进行同源性比较,结果显示该菌株与Phomopsis vaccinii(Gen Bank登陆号为:KC488259,JX846914)的同源性达97%。结合病原菌形态学特征及株r DNA-ITS序列(Gen Ban登录号:JN417709)特征,确定苏铁叶枯病病原菌为Phomopsis cycadis. 相似文献
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30年代以来一直认为由圆斑病菌2个小种引起的蠕虫菌叶斑病是美国次要的玉米病害。然而,在1973年有3篇报道涉及玉米新的蠕虫菌叶枯痫。Nelson 等(1973)描述了在宾夕法尼亚州产生新症状的病原菌,根据分生孢子形态和对特殊玉米自交系的毒力认为是3号小种。Hooker 等(1973)在中西部的4个州里,从叶枯病症状的叶斑上分离到蠕虫菌种类似2号小种但明显不同于1号或3号小种。Wallin 和Loonan(1973)鉴定为蠕虫菌“X”,其症状 相似文献
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新疆甜菜根腐病病原种群鉴定 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
从新疆各主要甜菜产区采集669个甜菜根腐病样,共分离出735个分离物,其中真菌分离物715个,细菌分离物20个,说明真菌是主要的病原种群。真菌中镰刀菌501个,占分离物总数的68.2%;丝核菌113个,占15.4%;腐霉菌81个,占分离物总数11.0%。经鉴定,有6种镰刀菌,即尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliforme)、茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)、木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)、砖红镰刀菌(F.lateritium)、禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum);3种腐霉菌,即瓜果腐霉(Pythiumaphanidermatum)、简囊腐霉(P.monospermum)和P.spp;丝核菌主要为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctoniasolani),AG-2和AG-4融合群,分别占丝核菌总数的50.4%和35.4%。用上述代表菌进行致病性测定,均可引起甜菜根部腐烂、维管束变色等典型根腐症状。 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献