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1.
杠板归化学成分分析及抗菌效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用试管预试法和圆形滤纸层析法,分析了杠板归的化学成分.结果表明,杠板归含有酚类、有机酸、生物碱、氨基酸、鞣质、黄酮、蒽醌、甙类、糖类、植物甾醇及三萜类等化学成分.用纸片法和试管法对杠板归水提取液进行了体外抗茵作用试验.结果表明,杠板归水提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、巴氏杆菌、链球菌、沙门菌、大肠埃希茵等兽医临床常见病原微生物都有较强的抗菌作用,抑茵圈直径分别为21.86 mm±0.83mm、13.28 mm±0.46 mm、18.46 mm±0.73 mm、15.67 mm±0.31 mm和17.69 mm±0.56 mm;杠板归水提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、巴氏杆菌、链球菌、沙门菌、大肠埃希茵的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.031、0.25、0.063、0.125、0.063 g/mL.最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为0.031、0.5、0.063、0.25、0.125 g/mL.  相似文献   

2.
谷精草有效成分分析及体外抗菌活性测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用试管法和圆形滤纸层析法分析鉴定了谷精草的化学成分,结果表明:谷精草含有生物碱、酚性成分、有机酸、黄酮及其甙类、挥发油、植物甾醇、鞣质等化学成分.用纸片法和试管法对谷精草水提取液进行了体外抗菌作用试验.结果表明:谷精草水提取液对金色葡萄球菌、链球菌、巴氏杆茵、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等兽医临床常见病原微生物都有较强的抗茵作用,抑茵圈直径分别为12.16±0.33 mm,15.36±0.29 mm,13.57±0.61 mm,8.63±0.26 mm,9.88±0.72mm:谷精草水提取液对金色葡萄球菌、链球菌、巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.125 g/ml、0.063g/ml、0.125 g/ml、0.5 g/ml、0.25g/ml;最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为0.25g/ml、0.125g/ml、0.25g/ml、1g/ml、1g/ml.  相似文献   

3.
采用试管法和圆形滤纸层析法分析鉴定了谷精草的化学成分,结果表明:谷精草含有生物碱、酚性成分、有机酸、黄酮及其甙类、挥发油、植物甾醇、鞣质等化学成分。用纸片法和试管法对谷精草水提取液进行了体外抗菌作用试验,结果表明:谷精草水提取液对金色葡萄球菌、链球菌、巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等兽医临床常见病原微生物都有较强的抗菌作用,抑菌圈直径分别为12.16±0.33mm,15.36±0.29mm,13.57±0.61mm,8.63±0.26mm,9.88±0.72mm;谷精草水提取液对金色葡萄球菌、链球菌、巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.125g/ml、0.063g/ml、0.125g/ml、0.5g/ml、0.25g/m;最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为0.25g/ml、0.125g/ml、0.25g/ml、1g/ml、1g/ml。  相似文献   

4.
司帕沙星体外抗菌活性的试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
应用试管二倍稀释法测定司帕沙星对大肠埃希氏菌、沙门菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和禽败血霉形体等病原微生物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)，并与4种氟喹诺酮药物及3种其他抗菌药物相比较。结果表明，司帕沙星对大肠埃希氏菌、沙门菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和禽败血霉形体均有良好的体外抗菌活性，优于其他对照药物。  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨杂种鹅掌楸叶不同极性部位提取物对大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的体外抗菌效果,通过乙醇回流提取制得鹅掌楸醇提物,采用系统溶剂提取法萃取得到鹅掌楸叶醇提物的不同部位,并通过琼脂平板法和微量肉汤稀释法检测各部位的抗菌作用。结果显示:杂种鹅掌楸叶石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯提取物对沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌有不同程度的抗菌作用,其中氯仿部位作用最强,抑菌圈分别为18.0、16.0及17.0 mm,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.625、0.312 5及0.625 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为1.25、0.312 5及1.25 mg/mL。各部位提取物对大肠埃希菌无抗菌作用,正丁醇、水部位提取物对测试的4种菌均无抗菌作用。研究表明杂种鹅掌楸叶提取物对沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌有不同程度抗菌作用,其中氯仿部位提取物有较强抗菌作用。  相似文献   

6.
采用试管预试法和圆形滤纸法分析了白花草的化学成分。结果表明,白花草含有酚性成分、有机酸、生物碱、糖类、鞣质、植物甾醇、三萜类、黄酮、甙类、皂甙和挥发油等化学成分。采用试管倍比稀释法和纸片法对白花草乙醇提取物水溶液进行了家畜常见病原微生物的体外抑菌试验,结果白花草乙醇提取物水溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌、巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌和沙门氏菌都有较强的抑菌作用,其抑菌圈直径分别为(17.82±2.42)mm、(16.80±1.55)mm、(13.40±2.15)mm、(14.30±1.82)mm、(16.00±3.46)mm;最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.063 g/mL、0.125 g/mL、0.500 g/mL、0.250 g/mL和0.125 g/mL。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究篦齿蒿(Neopallasia pectinata)水提取物及醇提取物的体外抑菌作用,采用牛津杯法测定篦齿蒿各种提取物对大肠埃希菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,沙门菌和链球菌的抑菌圈直径。用试管2倍稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC),以金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌感染小鼠,判断其体内抗菌效果。结果表明,篦齿蒿各种提取物都具有一定的抑菌作用,尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌,其乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物是体外抗菌的主要活性部分。篦齿蒿提取物对链球菌感染小鼠体内抗菌效果较差,对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠体内抗菌成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯提取物内,对小鼠死亡保护率明显高于阴性对照组,可达75%。  相似文献   

8.
为了进一步研究蒙药对奶牛乳房炎两种主要病原菌的体外抑菌和体内抗菌作用,用牛津杯法测定了15味蒙药对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径,用二倍稀释法测定了3种蒙方在体外的最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC)。又以大肠埃希菌感染小鼠,经口灌服蒙方以判断其体内抗菌效果。有8味蒙药对两种菌有较好的抑菌作用,抑菌环直径均大于12 mm,最大达到22 mm。3种蒙方体外有较好的抑菌作用,其中方Ⅱ对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用最强,MIC分别为0.125 g/mL和0.25 g/mL,MBC均为0.25 g/mL。口服不同剂量方Ⅰ的感染小鼠生存率明显高于阴性对照组。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究黄连解毒汤的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用平板打孔法和试管二倍稀释法研究黄连解毒汤对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的体外抑菌作用。平板打孔法试验结果表明,黄连解毒汤对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的抑菌圈直径依次为7.50mm±0.50mm、14.00mm±0.80mm、10.63mm±0.89mm。试管二倍稀释法试验结果表明,黄连解毒汤对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)依次为250.0、31.25、250.0g/L;最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC)依次为500.0、250.0、250.0g/L。对黄连解毒汤进行拆方试验研究结果表明,黄芩单味药对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果与黄连解毒汤原方的抑菌效果相接近,黄芩是原方中发挥抑菌作用的主药。黄芩、黄连两药配伍有拮抗作用,使其抑菌作用减弱。本研究为兽医临床上用中药方剂防治细菌性疾病提供理了论依据。  相似文献   

10.
抗病毒合剂由中草药组方而成。通过体外抑菌试验，观察其对大肠埃希氏杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果。结果表明：抗病毒合剂对5种细菌均有一定的抑制作用。其中对大肠埃希氏杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的抑制作用最好，抑菌直径分别为15，22，20mm。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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