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【目的】探索 Pb2+、Zn2+污染地区最适宜的修复草坪草品种。【方法】采用盆栽的方法,以黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）和草地早熟禾（ Poa pratensis）为研究对象,以河沙为栽培基质,测定各处理的光合指标和重金属含量。设置不加重金属（CK）、Pb2+ 胁迫（500、1 000、1 500、2 000 mg/L）、Zn2+胁迫（500、800、1 100、1 400 mg/L）处理。测定不同重金属浓度胁迫下的草坪草的光合特征及其对重金属吸收能力。【结果】研究表明：随着 Pb2+ 、Zn2+浓度的增加,3 种草坪草净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和胞间 CO2浓度均呈先升高后降低趋势,但是出现峰值的浓度梯度各异;当 Pb2+ 胁迫浓度为 500 mg/L 时,对高羊茅和黑麦草叶片光合能力具有促进作用;当 Pb2+ 胁迫为 1 000 mg/L 时,对草地早熟禾叶片光合能力具有促进作用。当 Zn2+胁迫为 800 mg/L 时对黑麦草和高羊茅叶片净光合速率具有促进作用;当 Zn2+ 胁迫为 500 mg/L 时,对草地早熟禾叶片净光合速率具有促进作用。【结论】综合分析 3 种草坪草的光合特征和对植物体内重金属富集能力表明,高羊茅和黑麦草适用于低于 1 000 mg/L 的 Pb2+、Zn2+污染土壤的修复。 相似文献
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为明确硝态氮(NO_3~–-N)不同供应水平下高羊茅(Festuca arundinace)的生长和养分吸收特性,确定适宜高羊茅正常生长的NO_3~–-N浓度,以Ca(NO_3)_2为氮源,在石英砂盆栽培养条件下,研究高羊茅生长及养分吸收对不同浓度外源NO_3~–-N(0、5、10、15和20 mmol·L~(–1))的响应。结果表明,外源NO_3~–-N显著影响了高羊茅植株地上部和地下部的生长。随NO_3~–-N浓度的增加,高羊茅株高和地上部干物质累积量均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势;植株地下部干物质累积量、根长和根表面积随NO_3~–-N浓度的升高而降低,平均根系直径各处理间无显著差异(P 0.05)。增加NO_3~–-N浓度可提高植株地上部磷浓度和磷吸收量,适宜浓度的NO_3~–-N可促进植株地上部氮、钾的吸收和累积。适合高羊茅生长的NO_3~–-N浓度范围为4.3～18.2 mmol·L~(–1),4.3 mmol·L~(–1) NO_3~–-N浓度可作为高羊茅养护管理时合理施用氮肥用量推荐的参考。 相似文献
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施磷对越冬期高羊茅生长、养分吸收及抗寒性的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为给华中地区冷季型草坪草养分护理提供依据,在武汉布置试验研究磷肥对冷季型草坪草高羊茅(Festuca arundinaces Schreb.)越冬期生长、养分吸收和抗寒性的影响。结果表明:在氮钾肥基础上增施磷肥(P2O55~25 g/m2)显著促进草坪草生长和品质改善,与对照相比,各施磷处理越冬期分蘖数、株高、叶面积、地上部生物量、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)均有显著地提高;显著提高草坪草地上部氮、磷、钾含量,促进养分吸收;叶片脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量随磷肥施用而显著下降,明显降低低温对高羊茅的伤害程度;磷肥的适宜用量范围为10~15 g/m2,过低或过高用量磷肥均会对草坪草生长、质量及抗寒性产生不良影响。 相似文献
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苇状羊茅生产特性品比试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
选育出的黔草2号苇状羊茅Festuca arundinacea Qiancao No.2与生产上推广进口品种法恩F.arundinacea Fawn相比,表现出植株高大,生长迅速,最高生长可达2.46 cm/d。整个生育期内,其植株高度均明显高于法恩,最高可达155 cm,较对照法恩和野生苇状羊茅F.arundinacea wild breed高40和35 cm;产草量高,年产量可达21.59～27.78 t/hm2,比对照法恩（14～40 t/hm2）增产50.98%～65.16%,比野生苇状羊茅（18.81～24.00 t/hm2）增产14.78%26.18%;种子产量较高,平均产量达1 022.5 kg/hm2,比野生苇状羊茅增产14.80%26.26%,比法恩增产30.77%111.11%。表现出显著的栽培利用价值。结果表明,黔草2号苇状羊茅是贵州省中南部地区人工草地建植的理想禾本科牧草新品种。 相似文献
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为探讨氮添加对退化高寒草甸土壤养分和地上生产力的影响,以祁连山东段高寒草甸草原为研究对象,在样地内分别施入 0,10,20,30,40 g/m2 的尿素,测定不同施氮水平下地上生产力和不同土层土壤养分含量。结果表明：随着施氮量增加,地上生产力呈现升高趋势,施氮量在 40 g/m2 下达到最大值 194 g/m2 ;但过高的施氮量不能显著增加地上生产力,在施氮量大于 30 g/m2 之后,地上生产力增加不显著;随着施氮量增加,0~20 cm 土层土壤全氮和有机质含量降低,在施氮量 40 g/m2 时最低,相比未施氮分别降低了 19. 95% 和 14. 04%;在 0~20,20~40,40~60 cm 土层,铵态氮含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在 20 g/m2 尿素下达到最大值;4 个土层中,硝态氮的含量均呈现升高的趋势,在 30 g/m2 尿素水平下达到最大值;在各个土层中,速效磷含量整体呈现随土层深度增加先升高后降低的趋势,施氮量与土壤全磷,全钾和速效钾之间均没有显著相关性。 相似文献
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钾、钙、镁营养水平对白三叶养分吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究施用不同比例的钾肥和在低磷、高磷水平施用不同比例钾肥的田间小区试验,结果表明:土壤与植物中钾、钙、镁间存在相互效应。当土壤中K/（Ca+Mg）比值随施用钾肥改变时,白三叶植株中K/（Ca+Mg）比值也相应线性增加,而线性相关性和土壤中钾的初始浓度有关。低钾水平时,低量的钙、镁能促进白三叶钾的吸收,而高量的钙、镁则抑制钾的吸收。当土壤中K/（Ca+Mg）比值不变时,施磷促进植物生长时,植物中K/（Ca+Mg）比值在低磷水平,随施钾量的增加而增加。 相似文献
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为了解牧草新品种科瑞苇状羊茅在贵州不同地区的生产性能和适应性,筛选出适宜在贵州地区推广种植的苇状羊茅品种,以科瑞苇状羊茅和法恩苇状羊茅作为参试品种,通过3年在贵州4个地区进行生产试验,测定2个品种在不同地区的生长情况、抗逆性和草产量。结果：科瑞苇状羊茅表现出耐寒性好,春季开始生长早,生长旺盛,叶片多且柔软,产量高,成熟期较早,1年可刈割4～6次,抗逆性强等良好生产性能;4个试验点科瑞苇状羊茅的平均产量均较高,3年平均干草产量为9 342 kg/hm2,比法恩苇状羊茅(7 909 kg/hm2)显著增产18.11%(P<0.05)。结论：科瑞苇状羊茅产量高、适应性强,适宜在贵州大部分地区推广种植。 相似文献
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羊茅属两种牧草生态适应性及其栽培技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
评价了中华羊茅和苇状羊茅在青藏高原等5个不同生态区域的适应性;研究了北亚热带低海拔地区氮肥施用量与苇状羊茅草地稳定性及产草量的关系,以及青海环湖高山草原区中华羊茅覆盖播种的保苗效果及补偿生长效应对草地建植的影响。结果表明:苇状羊茅在西北海拔2600 m以下的干旱半干旱区和亚高山草原区能良好地生长,在海拔3200 m以上的青海刚察高寒区不能越冬;北亚热带低海拔地区2龄苇状羊茅草地施尿素337.5 kg/hm2,肥料报酬率最高;中华羊茅在西北高寒阴湿地区适应性良好,是良好的混播草种;采用油菜覆盖播种,保苗效果好,补偿生长效应大。 相似文献
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施钾水平对甘肃烤烟钾含量及经济效益的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
针对甘肃烤烟生产中存在的烟叶钾含量低和种植效益不高等问题,于2007年在庆阳市正宁县布置大田试验,在等氮磷用量基础上,研究了施钾水平(0,90,180,270K2Okg/hm2)对烤烟钾含量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,烟叶钾含量随施钾水平的提高而增加,以施钾量为270K2Okg/hm2时最高,中部叶片钾含量可达2.11%,接近云南和贵州烟区的烟叶钾含量;不同叶位叶片钾含量对施钾水平的反应不同,以中部叶最为敏感;施用钾肥后,烟株上、中、下部叶片钾含量的高低顺序发生改变。烟叶产量、均价、中上等烟比例和产值等经济效益参数均随施钾水平的提高而持续增加,说明增施钾肥可通过提高产量和改善品质提高烤烟种植的经济效益。在本试验条件下,最佳施钾量可能在270K2Okg/hm2以上。 相似文献
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【目的】为明确甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素的时空变化特征及影响因素 。【方法】基于 CENTURY 模型模拟 1971-2020 年甘南高寒草甸土壤有机氮及矿质氮含量,并以此为依据实现研究区土壤氮素时空分布的可视化。运用经典统计学及地统计学分析方法,揭示甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素时空变异特征。在此基础上,运用相关分析及结构方程模型探讨各环境因子对甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素的影响,从而确定甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素的主要影响因子。【结果】1971-2020 年研究区土壤有机氮均具有中等空间变异性。土壤有机氮最高值为 2000 年的 714. 054 g/m2 ,土壤矿质氮最高值出现在 1993 年的 13. 257 g/m2 。在空间分布上,甘南高寒草甸土壤总有机氮及总矿质氮呈现出由西向东逐渐递减趋势,且土壤总矿质氮含量随着土壤深度增加而显著减少。【结论】土壤氮素与环境因子相关分析及结构方程模型结果表明,降水量、海拔、土壤有机质含量及粉粒含量对土壤有机氮及矿质氮含量为正效应。 砂粒含量及温度对土壤有机氮及矿质氮含量的作用为负效应。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献