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通过系统探讨不同孤雌激活方法对猪卵母细胞体外激活后发育效果的影响,比较了乙醇（Ethanol,EH）、离子霉素（Ionomycin,Ion：5μmol/L）、氯化锶（Strontium chloride hexahydrate,Sr^2＋：10 mmol/L）、6-二甲氨基嘌呤（6-dimethylaminopurine,6-DMAP：2 mmol/L）和放线菌酮（cycloheximide,CHX：10 mg/L）对猪卵母细胞激活发育的效果。结果表明：（1）9%EH激活处理10 min效果好于15 min;（2）使用9%EH激活处理10 min,再结合CHX、6-DMAP、Sr^2＋、CHX＋Sr^2＋、Sr^2＋＋6-DMAP、CHX＋6-DMAP或CHX＋6-DMAP＋Sr^2＋组处理3～4 h,以EH＋6-DMAP组效果最好,分裂率及囊胚率分别达到82.86%和22.86%;（3）在使用化学激活（Ion＋6-DMAP组和9%乙醇10 min＋6-DMAP组）和电激活（50 V/mm,50μs,2t）的方法中,Ion法激活猪卵母细胞效果较好,囊胚率达到37.50%;（4）卵母细胞包被的卵丘细胞层数不同对卵母细胞成熟激活有显著的影响,卵丘细胞层数4～6层和多于6层的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体孤雌激活的分裂率和囊胚率分别为（68.99%,32.56%）和（75.36%,37.68%）,2组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;但其显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）,这2组细胞在猪孤雌激活发育研究中是最佳的实验研究材料。 相似文献
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本文主要研究了①离子霉素（Ion）＋6-二甲基氨基嘌呤（6-DMAP）、②Ion＋放线菌酮（CHX）、③体积分数7％乙醇＋6-DMAP、④体积分数7％乙醇＋CHX四种不同化学激活方法对牛胞质内卵丘细胞全细胞注射法所获得重构胚的激活及前期发育的影响。Ion和7％乙醇的处理时间为5min,6-DMAP的处理时间为4h．CHX的处理时间为5h。结果表明,重构胚与颗粒细胞单层细胞共培养2d后,各组卵裂率分别为52．7％、51．5％、53．2％和54．0％．差异不显著（P〉0．05）;培养8d后,①组激活的囊胚发育率（20．0％）极显著高于其他组（P〈0．01）,其他各组之间差异不显著．分别为8．5％、10．2％和6．1％;培养10d后,①组激活的囊胚孵化率（10．7％）极显著高于其他组（P〈0．01）．其他各组之间差异不显著,分别为2．3％、3．0％和1．8％。表明,4种激活方法均可以有效地激活重构胚,但Ion＋6-DMAP法激活重构胚的囊胚率和囊胚孵化率均极显著高于其他3组,说明Ion＋6-DMAP激活法有利于牛重构胚的发育．可以获得较理想的囊胚率．是胞质内全细胞注射法克隆的理想激活方法。 相似文献
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本文探讨了HYA（透明质酸酶）的浓度和作用时间对牛体外成熟卵母细胞脱卵丘的影响,不同强度电脉冲＋乙醇＋6-DMAP对牛体外成熟卵母细胞的孤雌激活作用以及和乙醇＋6-DMAP激活的比较。对电融合脉冲强度和脉冲次数进行了优化。结果表明：卵母细胞成熟培养22h,用0．20％HYA作用10min或0．50％HYA作用5min效果较好。在激活电压1．6kV/cm、20μs／次、间隔1s,脉冲次数为1次的条件下的激活效果较好,在此条件下与乙醇＋6-DMAP激活相比较,孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚率分别为19．6％和26．9％,差异不显著。 相似文献
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为探讨不同激活剂的卵母细胞孤雌激活效果及激活胚体外发育情况,用乙醇、CaA23187、SrCl2、6-DMAP及CB分别对小鼠卵母细胞进行了激活处理.结果显示,70 mL/L乙醇刺激小鼠卵母细胞时,以激活5～7 min的激活效果及孤雌胚发育较好,桑囊胚发育率可达29.11%;用SrCl2激活小鼠卵母细胞时,6～10 mmol/L为最佳处理浓度,3～6 h为最佳激活时间,桑囊胚发育率可达16.67%;以70 mL/L乙醇激活5 min,再用2 mmol/L 6-DMAP＋5 μg/mL CB激活3 h效果最佳,桑囊胚发育率高达35.77%.研究证实,小鼠卵母细胞经乙醇、6-DMAP和CB等复合激活后能较好地发育. 相似文献
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山羊卵母细胞孤雌激活及孤雌胚的体外培养 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了比较不同的激活方法对卵母细胞孤雌激活的影响,以及培养液(CR1aa)中添加不同类型的血清对孤雌激活胚体外发育的影响。采用Eth 6-DMAP、A23187 6-DMAP和Ion 6-DMAP三种方法激活山羊卵母细胞,Eth 6-DMAP组孤雌激活胚的卵裂率和囊胚率(35.2%和4.8%)显著低于A23187 6-DMAP组(68.9%和24.1%)和Ion 6-DMAP组(88.1%和48.0%),表明以Ion 6-DMAP激活最为理想。在培养液(CR1aa)与颗粒细胞共同培养条件下,分别添加100 mL/L的发情牛血清(OCS)、胎牛血清(FBS)和新生牛血清(NCS)。添加OCS和FBS后,孤雌胚囊胚率分别为48.1%和45.0%,显著高于添加NCS组(26.0%)。表明OCS、FBS和NCS能有效的提高孤雌胚的体外发育能力,尤其是对提高孤雌胚的囊胚发育能力更佳。 相似文献
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电脉冲及6-DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实验研究了不同电脉冲条件、6-DMAP作用不同时间以及二者联合使用时对注射hCG后18～19h采集的小鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活及发育的效果。结果表明：4、鼠卵母细胞电激活后，放入2mmol／L6-DMAP的CZB中作用6h，其激活率和囊胚率都显著高于单独使用一种激活方法。其中场强2．0kv／cm，脉宽80μS，3次脉冲结合6-DMAP组的激活率和囊胚发育率最高，与其他两组差异显著。 相似文献
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兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从电脉冲次数、脉冲强度、脉冲间隔时间三方面对兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活进行了研究。结果表明，注射HCG后16h的MⅡ期卵，用1．4kV／cm、60μs的直流脉冲电激，脉冲次数分为1、2、4、8次4组，每次间隔30min，随着电激活次数的增加，活化率从46．5％增加到95．8％(P＜0．01)，但是电激活8次后，桑椹胚率却从63．6％下降列21．2％，囊胚率从23．6％下降列2．8％(P＜0．01)；用60μs的直流脉冲电激3次，每次间隔30min，分为0．4、1．2、2．4kV／cm3组，以1．2kV／cm脉冲强度的兔卵母细胞激活较为理想，脉冲强度增加到2．4kV／cm时，卵细胞死亡率升为67．1％(P＜0．01)。用1．4kV／cm、60μs的直流脉冲电激3次，电脉冲间隔时间分为30、120、240min3组，卵细胞活化率分别为68．6％、91．5％、91．9％（p＜0．01)。 相似文献
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应用细胞骨架抑制剂细胞松弛素B和秋水仙素处理兔成熟卵母细胞，然后采用电激活的方法激活兔卵母细胞，观察细胞骨架抑制剂对兔卵母细胞孤雌激活和孤雌发育的影响，结果表明：应用不同的电激活液，即甘露醇、Zimmerman氏和山梨醇对兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活效果无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；用7．5μg·mL^-1细胞松弛素B处理卵母细胞后孤雌激活，其2-细胞胚率（82．2％）和囊胚发育率（43．4％）与对照组（76．4％和51．5％）相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；用1μg·mL^-1秋水仙素处理兔卵母细胞，兔卵母细胞孤雌激活后的2-细胞胚率（64．9％）和囊胚发育率（23．8％）明显下降，与对照组相比存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）；用细胞松弛素B和秋水仙素共同处理的2-细胞胚率（62．5％）和囊胚发育率（30．9％）与秋水仙素单独处理的结果无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。因此，秋水仙素对兔卵母细胞的孤雌激活影响比CB更大。通过免疫荧光和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察发现，细胞骨架抑制剂处理后，经孤雌激活获得的囊胚中，微丝和微管结构未见异常。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献