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1.
以条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)丝状体为材料,研究温度(15℃、25℃和35℃)与光强[40、100和300 μmol/(m2·s)]对营养藻丝和孢子囊枝光合生理的影响。结果显示,15℃和25℃实验组中,营养藻丝和孢子囊枝的PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、总光合速率(Pg)和净光合速率(Pn)均随光强升高而降低。在300 μmol/(m2·s)下,营养藻丝的Fv/Fm和Pg趋于零,Pn为负值。在25℃、40 μmol/(m2·s)下,营养藻丝的呼吸耗氧速率(Rd)在实验周期内一直显著高于孢子囊枝;其他组则随胁迫时间延长,二者间Rd差距逐渐缩小。总体上,在相同条件下,所测孢子囊枝Fv/Fm、Pg和Pn均显著高于营养藻丝,而Rd与营养藻丝相当。35℃实验组在6 h时,孢子囊枝的Fv/Fm显著高于营养藻丝,但随光强升高直线下降(P<0.05),其他组Fv/Fm均趋于0。在40、100 μmol/(m2·s)下,6 h时,孢子囊枝Pg和Rd高于营养藻丝或二者相当;在300 μmol/(m2·s)下,后期营养藻丝Pn和Rd高于孢子囊枝,但在整个实验周期,二者的Pn均为负值。总体上,营养藻丝和孢子囊枝的Fv/Fm、Pg和Pn均显著低于(多数趋于0或负值)15℃和25℃,而35℃的Rd高于15℃和25℃;后期,2种藻丝均出现发绿变白,甚至死亡现象。研究表明,在条斑紫菜营养藻丝的光合作用被严重抑制的光强、温度条件下,孢子囊枝仍具备相对高的光合活力,说明在温度和光强升高到不利于营养藻丝生长的情况下,刺激藻丝转向了孢子囊枝发育阶段,后者具备适应更高温度和光照的能力。 相似文献
2.
光强对萱藻孢子萌发、幼苗早期发育及附生藻类动态变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
模拟萱藻育苗条件,以萱藻丝状体为材料,沙滤天然海水作为培养液,研究了光照强度[7.2~126.0μmol/(m2·s)]对萱藻孢子萌发、幼苗早期发育及附生藻类动态变化的影响。结果显示:(1)本实验条件下,萱藻孢子萌发的适宜光强范围为27.0~72.0μmol/(m2·s)。其中,在45.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下,萱藻孢子萌发率较高,并在放散后的第16天萌发率达到(44.44%±11.00%);(2)在本实验条件下,萱藻幼苗早期生长的适宜光强范围为36.0~54.0μmol/(m2·s),其中45.0μmol/(m2·s)最适宜萱藻幼苗的生长,且附生藻类密度最低,孢子放散后第34天附生藻类密度为(38.4±0.6)×104个/cm2;(3)本研究共鉴定出附生藻类2门13属29种,主要优势种为碎片菱形藻、小伪菱形藻、艳绿颤藻、膨胀色球藻、耳形藻和新月菱形藻。其中碎片菱形藻在7.2~18.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下呈指数增长,而耳形藻与新月菱形藻在27.0~126.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下呈指数增长。研究表明,萱藻孢子萌发和幼苗早期发育的最佳光强为45.0μmol/(m2·s),且在萱藻育苗过程中应重点防治的附生藻类为耳形藻与新月菱形藻。 相似文献
3.
研究了不同温度(5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃)和光照[50、100、200 、300μmol/(m^2·s)]对铜藻(Sargassum horneri)生长、光合色素和生化组分的影响。结果显示,温度和光照对这3个方面均有显著影响(P<0.05)。铜藻在5℃~20℃、50~300μmol/(m^2·s)时均可生长,且最适生长条件为20℃、200~300μmol/(m^2·s),特定生长率较高。温度高于25℃,藻体基本停止生长并出现腐烂现象。25℃、50μmol/(m^2·s)时,铜藻色素积累较多。可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量分别在10℃、20℃时最高,不同光照间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。灰分和粗蛋白含量在5℃~10℃、50μmol/(m^2·s)时最高。粗脂肪含量在10℃和25℃时最低,不同光照间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。褐藻胶含量在10℃、100μmol/(m^2·s)时最高,岩藻黄素含量在10℃、50μmol/(m^2·s)时达到最大。褐藻多酚含量在低温为 5℃或高温25℃、200~300μmol/(m^2·s)高光下达到最大。研究表明,室内培养铜藻在20℃左右、200~300μmol/(m^2·s)时,生长速率最快,而铜藻在10℃、100μmol/(m^2·s)环境条件下,藻体色泽及健壮程度更好,铜藻个体大,生长速度快,可进行大规模的养殖生产。本研究结果对铜藻养殖及其活性物质提取具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
温度与光照强度对浒苔孢子/配子放散和萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较不同温度和光照强度对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)孢子/配子放散和萌发的影响,来探究适合浒苔孢子/配子放散和萌发的温度和光照强度。实验结果表明,适宜浒苔孢子/配子放散的温度和光照强度范围分别为20~30℃和180~300μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。在温度25℃、光照强度240μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)时,浒苔孢子/配子的放散量最大。浒苔孢子/配子萌发的适宜温度和光照强度分别为15~25℃和40~160μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),最适温度和光照强度分别为20℃和120μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。本实验揭示了黄海绿潮优势种浒苔繁殖与生长的环境响应过程,为进一步探索黄海绿潮暴发机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为了能够节约制冷成本,合理延长种海带在海上的预留时间,系统研究了不同温度(20、21、22、23、24℃)和培养时间(4、8、12、16d)对两个海带品系(“205”和“C033”)孢子放散能力及胚孢子萌发率、受精率、雌配子体发育和幼孢子体生长的影响.结果显示,当海水温度达到24℃时,孢子囊几乎丧失了放散能力,20-23℃的游孢子放散量差别不显著.在相同温度下,孢子囊培养时间为12、16d的胚孢子萌发率大于4、8d;同时,孢子囊培养16d的雌配子体和幼孢子体具有最小值.在相同培养时间下,23℃(或24℃)的雌配子体和幼孢子体远远小于20-22℃的.相关性分析表明,海带雌配子体大小与幼孢子体大小具有显著正相关性(P＜0.01).结果显示,当温度达到23℃或培养时间达到16d时,海带孢子囊受到了胁迫,不利于雌配子体的发育和幼孢子体的生长.温度对孢子囊的作用更迅速,而时间对孢子囊的作用较为缓慢,可能是一种累积效应. 相似文献
6.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(1)
为了能够节约制冷成本,合理延长种海带在海上的预留时间,系统研究了不同温度(20、21、22、23、24℃)和培养时间(4、8、12、16 d)对两个海带品系("205"和"C033")孢子放散能力及胚孢子萌发率、受精率、雌配子体发育和幼孢子体生长的影响。结果显示,当海水温度达到24℃时,孢子囊几乎丧失了放散能力,20–23℃的游孢子放散量差别不显著。在相同温度下,孢子囊培养时间为12、16 d的胚孢子萌发率大于4、8 d;同时,孢子囊培养16 d的雌配子体和幼孢子体具有最小值。在相同培养时间下,23℃(或24℃)的雌配子体和幼孢子体远远小于20–22℃的。相关性分析表明,海带雌配子体大小与幼孢子体大小具有显著正相关性(P0.01)。结果显示,当温度达到23℃或培养时间达到16 d时,海带孢子囊受到了胁迫,不利于雌配子体的发育和幼孢子体的生长。温度对孢子囊的作用更迅速,而时间对孢子囊的作用较为缓慢,可能是一种累积效应。 相似文献
7.
条斑紫菜(Porphyra Yezoensis)自由丝体接种贝壳其生长发育特征的观察研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将条斑紫菜自由贝壳丝状体和果孢子贝壳丝状体进行观察比较,结果发现:①前者接种后贝壳需要黑暗沉淀3d,适宜接种的最高温度为23℃,肉眼见苗时间为20d,肉眼见苗前显微镜下贝壳上查不到单丝;后者接种贝壳不需要黑暗沉淀,适宜接种的最高温度为19℃,接种5d后显微镜下可以查到丝状单丝,肉眼见苗时间为15d。②前者壳孢子放散需要流水刺激,在20.5℃开始放散,日放散量为(200~400)×104个/壳,持续时间(5~10)d;而后者壳孢子开始自然放散水温为23℃,日放散量为(10~200)×104个/壳,放散持续时间(14~16)d。③网帘采苗时,前者壳孢子的采苗密度为后者的2~3倍。④在海区的养殖过程中,前者网帘下海20d肉眼见苗,见苗前显微镜下查不到苗,未发现叶状体放散单孢子,叶状体生长速度快,叶状体上未出现硅藻斑,春节前菜平均产量为475kg/667m2,但菜体偏黄,柔韧性差;后者网帘下海3d后,显微镜下就能够在网帘上查到苗,11d肉眼见苗,叶状体0.5cm开始放散单孢子,春节前的菜质好,但叶状体生长速度慢,养殖后期叶状体上容易出现硅藻斑,春节前菜平均产量为325kg/667m2。 相似文献
8.
以2004年1月采自江苏如东海区紫菜栽培架上的条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)为研究材料,经分离纯化培养,用条浒苔藻体放散的孢子进行采苗及其海区栽培。结果表明,条浒苔在江苏和浙江海区均能够栽培,且藻体生长速度很快。在实验室条件下,将条浒苔藻体置于不同温度组(5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃)、盐度组(0、4、8、12、16)和光照强度组(15μmol.m-2.s-1、30μmol.m-2.s-1、45μmol.m-2.s-1、60μmol.m-2.s-1),共120个温度-盐度-光强组合中培养,以研究这3个生态因子对条浒苔生长的影响。结果发现,温度、盐度和光强对条浒苔的生长影响显著(P<0.05)。条浒苔生长适宜温度为15~25℃;适宜盐度为8~12;适宜光照强度在60μmol.m-2.s-1左右。温度、盐度和光照强度三者对条浒苔生长存在显著的交互效应(P<0.05),这三者的最佳组合为温度25℃、盐度12和光强60μmol.m-2.s-1 相似文献
9.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(1)
"海天1号"海带是南方耐高温品种与北方高产品种杂交后,经过几代选育获得的海带新品系,具有产量高、耐高温、成熟稍早等特点(暂命名为"海天1号"海带)。为探究"海天1号"海带幼孢子体在不同环境因子下的生理适应性,设置了温度、光强及营养盐3个单因素实验,利用液相氧电极技术研究其对"海天1号"海带幼孢子体(1–2 cm)表观光合速率(Pn)和呼吸耗氧速率(R)的影响,并测定相对生长速率(Relative growth rate,RGR)。结果显示:(1)温度为14℃、光强为80μmol photons/(m~2·s)、氮营养盐为6 mg/L(N/P=10∶1,下同)环境下,幼孢子体的RGR和P_n均较大。在温度为22℃、光强为100μmol photons/(m~2·s)、氮营养盐浓度为10 mg/L条件下,R最强。(2)22℃组的幼孢子体生长受到抑制,其RGR显著低于14℃组(P0.05)。20μmol photons/(m~2·s)与80μmol photons/(m~2·s)光强组的RGR存在显著性差异(P0.05)。单因素方差分析显示,5个营养盐浓度组之间幼孢子体的RGR无显著性差异(P0.05)。(3)随着温度、光强、营养盐浓度增加,幼孢子体的P_n呈先上升后下降的趋势,14℃组P_n显著高于其他温度组,氮营养盐浓度4 mg/L和6 mg/L组的P_n显著高于2、8和10 mg/L组(P0.05)。在本实验条件下,R和P_n呈负相关。(4)光强对幼孢子体P/R(总光合速率/呼吸耗氧速率)的影响较小,温度和营养盐浓度对其影响较大。正交实验结果显示,适宜"海天1号"海带幼孢子体培养的条件为光强50μmol photons/(m~2·s)、温度16℃、氮营养盐浓度5 mg/L。 相似文献
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低温、低光照强度对扁浒苔生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究低温、低光照强度对浒苔生长和光合作用参数的影响,设置不同的光照强度和温度培养条件,对设定条件下中国漂浮浒苔种类扁浒苔(Ulvacompessa)的特定生长率进行测定,并利用Phyto-PAM荧光仪测定了低温和低光照强度条件下浒苔最大光量子产量Fv/Fm。结果表明,低温和低光照强度对扁浒苔生长的影响极显著(P0.01),且两者存在显著的交互作用(P0.05)。方差分析表明,扁浒苔在7.5℃、10℃和12.5℃条件下的特定生长率差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于5℃的特定生长率,显著低于15℃的特定生长率(P0.05);当光照强度为10μmol(/m2·s)、20μmol(/m2·s)和30μmol(/m2·s)时,扁浒苔生长率显著高于在4μmol(/m2·s)的生长率,显著低于在40μmol(/m2·s)的生长率(P0.05)。在实验范围内随温度和光强的升高,Fv/Fm有上升趋势,但显著低于对照水平(P0.05)。综合以上结果可知,扁浒苔在温度为5℃,光照强度为4μmol(/m2·s)条件下,仍然可保持4.32%/d的特定生长率,表明扁浒苔对低温和弱光具有一定耐受性,且温度和光照共同对扁浒苔的生长产生影响,在实验范围内温度和光照强度越高,扁浒苔生长越快,最大光量子产量Fv/Fm也随之提高。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
15.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
16.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献