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鱼类对饲料中钙磷的需要和利用率 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘修英 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》1999,(7)
钙和磷是鱼体内含量最多的矿物质，在鱼的生长和繁殖过程中有着重要的作用。一些饲料厂只注重添加钙，不注重添加磷或添加磷源不当，结果用此类饲料喂养的鱼体高而短，内脏脂肪增加。为此，本文从鱼类对钙磷的吸收途经方面谈谈淡水鱼类对饲料中钙磷的需要和利用率。1、淡水鱼类对饲料中钙的需要和利用率鱼生活在水中，与陆生动物不同的是鱼可以从水环境直接吸收钙。淡水鱼类可以用鳃和皮肤从水中吸收钙。水的化学组成和鱼的种类在一程度上影响着饲料中钙的需要量。据测定，在无钙水中，鲶鱼和罗非鱼正常生长饲料中需钙为0．45％和0．7％；在… 相似文献
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牛蒡寡糖促进大菱鲆生长的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以从牛蒡根中提取的牛蒡寡糖作为鱼类饲料添加剂,探讨其对大菱鲆(Scophthalmusmaximus)生长的影响。经过不同剂量(0、1.0%、2.0%、5.0%)的4组饲养试验,分别从每组随机抽取鱼体,测定其生长指标和鱼体生化成分。结果表明,在饲养的各个阶段中试验组鱼的平均体重、体长均较对照组有不同程度地提高;养殖100d时,各试验组鱼的增重率、增长率和饲料转化率均明显高于对照组。对试验鱼全鱼体成分的分析表明:添加牛蒡寡糖的试验组大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗蛋白含量均比对照组有所提高,而粗脂肪、灰分含量比对照组降低较大幅度。说明饲料中添加牛蒡寡糖可显著促进鱼的生长,提高鱼对饲料的利用率,还能够有效地改善鱼体的营养成分和增强肌肉品质,其适宜添加量为2.0%。 相似文献
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试验以鲤鱼幼鱼[初重(110±2.1)g]为研究对象,随机挑选体质健康、大小均匀的幼鱼分成6组,每组30尾,分别投喂含磷酸二氢钙3%(ZSM1)、2%(ZSM2)、2%(ZSM3)、1%(ZSM4)、1%(ZSM5)和0.5%(ZSM6)的试验日粮,其中ZSM3、ZSM5和ZSM6组中分别添加了0.04%的耐高温中性植酸酶。研究表明:在不添加植酸酶的三个组中,鱼体增重率、特定生长率和生物学综合评定值均随着磷酸二氢钙添加量的降低而降低,饵料系数则逐渐升高;而添加植酸酶的三个组,鱼体增重率、特定生长率和饵料系数均有明显改善,除饵料系数外,其他两个指标均显著高于ZSM4组(P<0.05);从形体指标来看,6个组之间的肥满度、脏体比和肝体比没有明显差异;骨磷含量方面,磷酸二氢钙添加量较少的ZSM4、ZSM5和ZSM6组骨磷含量有下降趋势,但各组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验表明,在鲤鱼幼鱼饲料中添加适量的耐高温中性植酸酶,可以明显提高鱼体生长性能和饲料中植酸磷的利用率,降低磷酸二氢钙的用量,减少对水环境的磷污染。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2015,(24)
赖氨酸是多数鱼类的第一限制性氨基酸,鱼体自身不能合成,必须从食物中摄取。生长期的鱼类生长速度快,对赖氨酸的需求量大,因此赖氨酸又称为"生长性氨基酸"。赖氨酸对维持水生动物的正常生长发育和神经系统的机能都发挥着重要作用。饲料中赖氨酸缺乏或过量,鱼类都表现为生长缓慢,饲料利用率低。鱼类赖氨酸需要量受评价指标、添加形式、水温、投喂频率、饲料蛋白质含量、鱼的种类和生长阶段等因素的影响。基于国内外近年来对鱼类赖氨酸需求量的最新研究,文中对赖氨酸的营养功能、代谢途径、营养需求量的研究进展、需求量的影响因素及确定需要量的研究方法进行综述,以期为鱼类饲料赖氨酸的合理利用提供参考。 相似文献
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不同剂型植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和钙、磷利用率的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
选用160只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为4组,每组设4个重复,以正常磷日粮为对照,研究在低磷日粮中分别添加相同剂量(100 g/t)不同剂型植酸酶(粉状、液体状、包被颗粒状)对肉仔鸡生长性能及钙、磷利用率的影响。结果表明:(1)低磷日粮中添加不同剂型植酸酶均可提高肉仔鸡的平均日增重和饲料利用率,包被颗粒状植酸酶添加效果最好;(2)各组胫骨的各项指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);(3)各组血清磷、血清钙、血清碱性磷酸酶差异不显著(P>0.05);(4)与对照组比较,各试验组的总磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),钙、粗蛋白质、干物质表观消化率也均有提高;(5)与对照组比较,各试验组肉仔鸡磷排出量(g/kg采食日粮)分别降低了28.28%、28.97%和32.41%(P<0.05)。由结果可知:在42 d的试验中,包被颗粒状植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及钙磷利用率的作用效果最好,其次是液体状植酸酶,粉状植酸酶的作用效果要次于前两者。 相似文献
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试验通过日粮中添加1α-羟基维生素D3(1α-OH D3)研究其对肉鸡生长性能、胫骨质量、血浆钙磷含量、钙磷利用率等指标的影响.将1日龄120只罗斯308肉鸡公雏随机分为3个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复10只.1～21日龄肉鸡3个处理分别采食不同种饲粮:①基础饲粮;②基础饲粮+5 μg/kg 1α OH D3;③基础饲粮+10 μg/kg 1α-OH D3.在22～42日龄,3组肉鸡采食相同饲粮,Ca、非植酸磷和维生素D3分别为0.90％、0.35％和1 000 IU/kg.结果显示:①饲粮中添加1α-OH D3改善1～21日龄、22～42日龄和1～42日龄肉鸡体增重和采食量;②1α-OH D3增加21日龄和42日龄肉鸡胫骨重量、强度、长度、直径和灰分含量;1α-OH D3提高21日龄胫骨钙、磷含量;③1α-OH D3提高1～21日龄肉鸡钙、磷利用率,降低21日龄血浆磷浓度;④1α-OH D3没有显著改善21日龄和42日龄肉鸡皮肤和肌肉色泽;⑤1α-OH D3增加肉鸡小肠长度和重量.在低钙、低磷饲粮中,1α-OH D3改善肉鸡生长性能,增强胫骨质量,促进小肠生长,增加钙磷利用率. 相似文献
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试验选用324只1日龄AA肉鸡(公鸡),采用3×2因子设计,研究在不同能量水平的饲粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和养分利用率的影响。试验设3个能量水平(12.33、12.13、12.03MJ/kg)和2个酶水平(0、500FTU/kg),共计6个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复9只鸡,试验期42d。结果表明:饲粮添加植酸酶显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高了肉鸡日增重、采食量,改善了饲料利用率,提高了干物质、粗蛋白、钙、磷的利用率,但对能量利用率没有明显影响(P>0.05);降低饲粮能量水平极显著降低了肉鸡对干物质、能量、钙的利用率(P<0.01),显著降低了其对磷的利用率(P<0.05),但对生产性能和粗蛋白利用率没有显著影响(P>0.05);植酸酶和能量对肉鸡饲料利用率、干物质和钙的利用率存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),表现为处理2组能量水平条件下添加植酸酶在生长性能和养分利用率上改善幅度最大,表明植酸酶在适宜降低能量水平的饲粮中的作用效果更好。试验中,以能量水平为12.13MJ/kg的肉公鸡饲粮中添加500FTU/kg植酸酶(处理5组)为最佳组合。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献