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1.
德令哈市伊克阿拉地区冬春草场和夏秋草场高原鼠兔危害严重 ,危害面积达 9.93× 10 4hm2 。 2 0 0 2年冬季青海省畜牧厅下达给德令哈市 3.33× 10 4hm2 的灭鼠任务 ,该市于 2 0 0 2年 11月 11日至 12月 15日 ,历时34d ,全面完成 3.33× 10 4hm2 灭治任务 ,共投入资金 2 5万元 ,灭治效果达 96 .7%。1　鼠害调查为保质保量完成冬季灭鼠工作 ,防治前对防治区做了详细的实地密度调查 ,用封洞开洞法。在 10个防治点共做 15 0个样方 ,样方面积为 0 .0 6 7hm2 ,灭鼠前有效洞口最高密度达 1170个 /hm2 ,平均 4 4 0个 /hm2 。2　灭治方法即采用生物毒…  相似文献   

2.
共和县倒淌河乡是纯牧业乡、曲沟乡是半牧半农乡 ,草地面积分别是 1 1 .1 7万 hu、5 .5 3万 hu ,其中可利用草地面积分别为 1 0 .75万 hu ,3 .0 8万 hu ,2 0 0 0年春季两乡鼠害发生面积为 1 6.67万 hu ,重度危害面积为 1 0 .0 0万 hu。为此 ,省州业务主管部门下达春季灭鼠任务。在我县各方面努力下 ,已圆满完成 5 .3 3万 hu灭鼠任务。1　灭治前的准备工作为了确保本次灭鼠工作的顺利进行 ,灭治前成立了由主管县长为组长的领导小组 ,对人力 ,物力做了充分的准备。并对防治区作了详细的调查 ,共做鼠兔密度样方 82个。危害密度最高达71 6个 / h…  相似文献   

3.
为寻求一种饵料引诱剂 ,增加毒饵的适口性 ,以提高对高原鼠兔的防治效果 ,自制了五种引诱剂 ,采用笼养试喂的方法 ,进行引诱剂的试验研究 ,结果表明y1、y2 两种引诱剂对高原鼠兔的引诱效果较好  相似文献   

4.
乌兰县位于柴达木盆地东部 ,隶属海西州 ,境内平均海拔 2 980ｍ ,气候寒冷干燥 ,草地类型以山地草原类和荒漠类为主 ,植被单一。近年来 ,由于旱灾和牲畜超载过牧 ,引起大面积鼠类为害。据1 997年及 1 999年我县草地鼠虫害及毒杂草普查表明 ,该区草地高原鼠兔分布广、危害严重 ,危害面积高达 8.33× 1 0 4 ｈｍ2 。为此 ,今年春季青海省畜牧厅下达给乌兰县 4.67× 1 0 4 ｈｍ2 的灭鼠任务 ,于 2 0 0 1年 3月 1 4日至 4月 1 0日 ,历时 2 8ｄ ,共灭治面积达4.68× 1 0 4 ｈｍ2 ,共投入资金 2 8.7万元 ,灭治效果达96.9%。1　鼠害调查为了保质保…  相似文献   

5.
弘Duan 《饲料研究》1992,(4):15-15,14
制造虾类配饵,目前仍认为应符合四个方面的要求: 1、饵料需是高蛋白的.据康元德等人研究认为:以贝类软体动物等为饵料试验对虾,生长效果显著,这些饵料以干重计所含蛋白质在50%以上,因此得出结论虾饵应是高蛋白质的. 2、饵料入水要有稳定性即能在较长的时间内耐水不溃散.鱼的摄食方式是吞食,虾的摄食方式是携饵且走且食,故要求配饵入水后数小时内不溃散,方能适应虾的这种摄食方式.  相似文献   

6.
在青海省青南牧区试验的基础上,为进一步验证3000毒价/C型肉毒素饵料防控高原鼠兔效果的稳定性和探寻最佳使用剂量,通过对青海省生物药品厂有限公司生产的C型肉毒素饵料Ⅰ(全引诱剂型)不同施饵量筛选试验,并与C型肉毒素饵料Ⅱ(单引诱剂型)的小区对比试验以及常温保存后的氧化失毒试验,结果表明:C型肉毒素饵料Ⅰ施饵量为3 g/洞、2 g/洞、1 g/洞,平均校正防控效果为88.35%、90.12%和89.19%。三种剂量间经方差分析,差异不显著(F=0.025F_(0.05)=5.143,即P0.05),对高原鼠兔具有相同的防控效果。经与C型肉毒素饵料Ⅱ田间小区对比试验,平均校正防治效果为90.09%和90.22%,经t检验,差异不显著(│T│=0.027t_(0.05)=2.119),两种不同添加剂对高原鼠兔具有相同的引诱效果。  相似文献   

7.
25～35kg生长猪可消化氨基酸的需要量   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  
本试验采用单因子试验设计法研究饲粮蛋白质 (CP)和可消化氨基酸水平对生长猪生产性能的影响。试验共设 5个处理 ,饲粮可消化赖氨酸 (Dlys)水平分别为 0 .4 0 %、0 .55%、0 .70 %、0 .85%和 1 .0 % ,Dlys/CP之比为 5%。饲粮等能 ( 1 3.72MJDE/kg) ,等氨基酸模式。其中 ,赖氨酸与可消化含硫氨基酸 (D-SAA)、可消化苏氨酸 (DThr)、可消化色氨酸 (DTrp)之比为 1 0 0 59 6 2 1 9。试猪为大白×长白杂交猪 ,平均起始重 2 5.1 8kg ,结束重 36 .86kg。结果表明 ,生长猪的平均日增重 (Y1)和饲料转化率 (Y2 )均随饲粮赖氨酸水平 (x)的增加呈显著的二次曲线变化。Y1(g) =-4 90 .4 2 7+ 2 6 91 .0 31X -1 50 1 .84 1X2 　　R2 =0 .996 2Y2 =9.891 -1 6 .784X + 9.36 5X2 R2 =0 .990 9当赖氨酸水平分别为 0 .8959%、0 .896 1 %时 ,平均日增重和饲料转化率分别达 71 5g和 2 .37。由此推算 ,2 5～ 35kg生长猪达到最大生产性能的Dlys、D -SAA、DThr、DTrp及CP的需要量分别为 0 .896 %、0 .52 9%、0 .556 %、0 .1 70 %、1 7.92 0 % ,饲粮CP/DE为 1 3.0 6g/MJ,Dlys/CP为 5.0 0 % ,Dlys/DE为 0 .6 5g/MJ。  相似文献   

8.
为了解新贝奥(B1)、杀它仗(B2)、莪术醇(B3)、鼠道难(B4)4种灭鼠饵剂对高原鼠兔种群密度的控制效果,选择石渠县高寒草地进行田间试验,有4个施药区和1个对照区,每个样地约占30 hm2。结果表明:杀它仗被采食的数量和重量都显著高于其他3种饵剂(P<0.05);投放5 d后,4种饵剂试验区高原鼠兔的灭效分别为14.1%、59.0%、4.5%、32.3%,短期内杀它仗的控制效果相对较好;8月盛草期调查,4种饵剂试验区高原鼠兔的灭效分别为67.9%、68.0%、40.7%、57.1%,杀它仗、鼠道难、新贝奥饵剂的灭鼠效果较为明显;较大颗粒的杀它仗饵剂易被高原鼠兔采食,灭效较高。  相似文献   

9.
为了解新贝奥(B1)、杀它仗(B2)、莪术醇(B3)、鼠道难(B4)4种灭鼠饵剂对高原鼠兔种群密度的控制效果,选择石渠县高寒草地进行田间试验,有4个施药区和1个对照区,每个样地约占30 hm2。结果表明:杀它仗被采食的数量和重量都显著高于其他3种饵剂(P0.05);投放5 d后,4种饵剂试验区高原鼠兔的灭效分别为14.1%、59.0%、4.5%、32.3%,短期内杀它仗的控制效果相对较好;8月盛草期调查,4种饵剂试验区高原鼠兔的灭效分别为67.9%、68.0%、40.7%、57.1%,杀它仗、鼠道难、新贝奥饵剂的灭鼠效果较为明显;较大颗粒的杀它仗饵剂易被高原鼠兔采食,灭效较高。  相似文献   

10.
梁泽胜(都兰县草原站,青海察汗乌苏镇816100)　　2003年冬季省农牧厅下达给都兰县沟里乡3.33×104hm2的高原鼠兔灭治任务,我县积极组织人力、物力于11月25日进点至12月22日结束,历时28d,共投入40万元资金,对沟里乡秀毛村一社、二社的四季草场进行了鼠害的防治工作,平均灭治效果达97.3%。1　鼠害调查为了保质保量的完成灭鼠工作,防前对灭治区做了详细的实地调查,根据高原鼠兔的活动习性,利用堵洞法,在沟里乡秀毛村13个灭治点做了150个样方,样方面积为0.067hm2,测得灭前平均有效洞口330个/hm2,最高密度达435个/hm2,最低225个/hm2,达到了《青海…  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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