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对河南大尾寒羊繁殖性能进行了观察与统计分析。大尾寒羊母羊初配月龄约为8月龄。1~8胎次平均产羔率为249.27%,总的单羔率、双羔率、三羔率、四羔率及五羔率分别为8.00%、47.82%、36.36%、6.55%和3.27%。产双羔的母羊比率极显著高于产单羔、四羔和五羔的母羊比率(P<0.01);产三羔的母羊比率极显著高于产五羔的母羊比率(P<0.01)、显著高于产单羔及四羔母羊比率(P<0.05)。1~6胎产羔率总的趋势是随着胎次的增加而上升,7~8胎逐渐降低。胎产羔数与胎次回归方程的决定系数为R2=0.991 2。据回归方程计算了每胎的产羔估计值,并以5、6胎校正产羔值的简单平均数为基准计算了各胎次的校正系数。胎产羔数对初生重、断奶体重有显著或极显著的影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),随胎产羔数的增加,初生重和断奶体重减小。 相似文献
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刘振中 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》1994,(2)
槐山羊是河南古老的地方优优良品种,产羔性能较强,据观察平均每胎2.55±0.90只。第1胎产羔较少,平均1.68±0.59只,之后,随其胎次增加而增多,第5胎和第6胎最多,分别为2.95±0.90和3.00±0.92只。产三羔及其以上的多羔母羊所占比例亦随其胎次增加而增高,第3—5胎次产三羔的母羊所占比例相当高,分别为40.00％、37.77％和46.66％,第4—6胎次产四羔的母羊比例亦较高分别为17.77％,20.00％和33.33％。笔者认为在调查统计槐山羊产羔时,各胎次产的母羊所占比例不可相差过大,以相互接近一致为宜。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(4):63-65
对某规模舍饲羊场的小尾寒羊胎产羔数、妊娠期、产羔间隔等繁殖指标进行了统计,并分析了胎次对产羔数的影响、不同胎次产羔数的母羊比例、不同产羔月份的母羊比例、以及不同产羔间隔的母羊比例。结果显示:小尾寒羊妊娠期平均为148 d、产羔间隔平均为276 d、胎产羔数平均为1.8只。随着胎次增加胎产羔数呈现增加趋势,在第5胎次达到高峰(2.05只),随后产羔数下降,说明胎次对产羔数有显著影响。产单羔和双羔的母羊比例达87.25%。产羔时间呈现一定季节性,4~7月份产羔母羊比例低于平均值,6月份产羔母羊比例最小为4.77%,8月份到次年的3月份产羔母羊均在平均值8.33%以上。产羔间隔小于8个月的母羊所占比例为16.48%,产羔间隔为9~10个月的母羊比例为60.44%,有23.08%的母羊产羔间隔大于10个月。结果提示,该规模舍饲羊场的小尾寒羊繁殖性能有待进一步选育提高。 相似文献
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<正> 前言 养羊是江苏省丹阴市农村传统副业生产之一,山羊占养羊总数的99％。丹阳市山羊属长江三角洲白山羊品种,为皮肉兼用型。该品种在太湖流域优良的生态条件下经多年选育,已具有性成熟早、常年发情等优点。本文就白山羊的内在产羔规律以及人工授精与自然交配两种不同配种方式对产羔性能的影响等加以阐述。 一、材料与方法 1.于1990年随机测定了丹阴市白山羊母羊596头次,其中人工授精的母羊为285头次,自然交配的母羊为311头次。分别记载了母羊在人工授精与自然交配情况下的产羔数。 2.详细测定596头次母羊不同胎次的产羔数,包括单羔、双羔、3羔、4羔、5羔等。 3.测定了母羊各胎次的多羔率(每胎产双羔及 相似文献
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１选择高产母羊坚持长期选育可以提高整个羊群的繁殖性能。山羊中一般无角母羊的产羔数高于有角母羊；有肉髯母羊的产羔性能高于无肉髯的母羊；一般初产母羊能产双羔的，除了其本身繁殖力较高外，其后代也具有繁殖力高的遗传基础。据报道：初产单羔的母羊，随后三胎平均每胎产羔数为１．３３只、１．３１只、１．４只，而初产双羔的母羊随后三胎平均每胎产羔数分别为１．７３只、１．７１只、１．８８只，可见应选留初产双羔的母羊继续作种，也可选用双胎公羊与双胎母羊交配的后代母羊作种。２种公羊来自高产母羊的后代俗话说：“公羊好好一… 相似文献
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分别对293只泌乳期母羊和344只产羔母羊进行泌乳量和产羔数统计,分析文登奶山羊胎次对泌乳性能和产羔性能的影响。在一个泌乳周期中,二胎和六胎及以上母羊泌乳量显著高于一胎母羊(P<0.05);三胎、四胎和五胎母羊泌乳量极显著高于一胎母羊(P<0.01)。三胎、四胎和六胎及以上母羊日均泌乳量显著高于一胎母羊(P<0.05);五胎母羊日均泌乳量显著高于二胎、三胎和四胎母羊(P<0.05),极显著高于一胎母羊P<0.01)。二胎、三胎、四胎和六胎及以上母羊平均产羔率显著高于一胎母羊(P<0.05);五胎母羊产羔率极显著高于一胎母羊(P<0.01)。二胎及以上母羊产双羔和多羔比例显著高于一胎母羊(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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文章对盐亭汇源牧业有限责任公司种羊场2002～2005年山羊的繁殖生产记录资料和部分质量性状进行了统计分析.结果表明,在舍饲条件下,山羊全年均可发情,但配种季节主要集中在春、秋两季,尤以秋季最为集中;使用人工授精技术的受胎率达到自然发情配种母羊的受胎率;产单羔母羊的妊娠期极显著和显著地长于产双羔和三羔的母羊;不论公、母,单羔的平均初生重极显著高于双羔和三羔;出生双羔公羊的初生重显著高于三羔,双羔和三羔母羊的初生重无显著差异;窝产单羔和双羔时,公、母羔的初生重差异极显著,而窝产三羔时,公、母羔的初生重无显著差异;有胡须母羊的平均窝产羔数比无胡须母羊的平均窝产羔数高8.26%,无角母羊的平均窝产羔数比有角母羊的平均窝产羔数高5.70%,有肉髯母羊的窝产羔数高于肉髯母羊. 相似文献
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2003年在青海省东部农业区和环湖牧区开展了以特克赛尔、萨福克和无角陶赛特为主要品种的肉羊胚胎移植试验。对农区55只小尾寒羊受体和牧区76只半细毛羊受体进行了同期发情处理,小尾寒羊同期发情率为81.28%,半细毛羊为63.16%。半细毛羊移植胚胎44枚,产羔13只,流产1只(双羔),移植受胎率为31.82%;每只小尾寒羊移植2枚胚胎,共移植20只受体40枚胚胎,产羔5只,其中1只母羊产双羔,受胎率为12.50%。所产18只羔羊全部成活。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献