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水稻条纹叶枯病的为害损失及防治指标 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2004-2006年在浙江北部系统地调查了水稻条纹叶枯病发病动态和为害损失。单季晚稻秧田期介体灰飞虱有效虫量（X2）与水稻株发病率（Y1）的关系式为Y1=0.0873 + 1.0757X2,晚稻本田株发病率（X）与产量损失率（Y）总关系式为Y=0.1254+0.7551X。在现有生产条件下,经济允许水平以损失率表示为2.0%~2.5%,制订了水稻条纹叶枯病防治指标为水稻秧苗期和本田前期介体灰飞虱有效虫量2~3头/m2,该指标已在生产上大面积推广应用。 相似文献
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收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响,采用人工降雨室内模拟连阴雨天气,对18个大豆材料进行高湿诱导霉变处理,通过籽粒霉变程度分级,比较不同材料间的霉变敏感性差异,同时考察霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同大豆材料对籽粒田间霉变的敏感性存在显著差异,黑色和棕色种皮大豆较黄色种皮大豆的霉变抗性更强。霉变使各大豆材料产量显著下降,产量损失在23.14%~96.55%之间,产量损失率与霉变指数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),产量损失率(Y)与霉变指数(X)的回归拟合方程为Y=1.34X+24.51,R=0.98。霉变还影响大豆品质,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪的相对含量随霉变程度的增加先降低后升高,可溶性糖的相对含量随霉变程度的增加而降低,而蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖的绝对含量均随霉变程度的增加而降低。此外,霉变使籽粒百粒重降低,并随霉变程度的增加而逐步降低。大豆收获期籽粒田间霉变会对大豆产量和品质产生不利影响,不同抗性的大豆种质资源为抗霉变大豆品种的选育提供了物质基础。 相似文献
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1986年结合药剂防治,对香蕉叶斑病的防治指标作了探讨.试验资料经回归分析,得出株产与病情指数的关系Y=11.1771—0.0364X:株减产率与病情指数的关系Y=0.01242+0.32085X:在经济允许损失水平为3.8961%时,防治指标为:病情指数11.96/5株.并根据不同地方、不同时期的生产水平、市场价格、所用防治费用和防治效果的不同,建立了计算防治指标的动态数学模式. 相似文献
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灰斑病所致大豆品质与产量损失的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用不同病叶、病粒,对大豆灰斑病所致大豆品质和产量的影响进行了研究,结果发现:灰斑病直接影响大豆叶片全N含量及籽粒氨基酸与蛋白质含量.叶片中的全N含量随病情加重而减少,病粒中17种氨基酸总量、蛋白质和脂肪含量与病叶一样也随病情加重而递减.灰斑病引致的大豆产量损失与病粒率和籽粒病指相关密切,与病粒率的相关系数为0.9723,与籽粒病指的相关系数为0.9763.根据相关系数建立两个方程,用(Y)=-0.1890 1.4063X10.7993(X1病粒率)和(Y)=2.6034 1.338X2(X2病指)可预测大豆由灰斑病病粒引致的减产量,用n'=Int[(YBL×100-8)]/(5 1)可预测当年大豆的等级,并以EL=YM×(1-YLL)×PWn'预测经济损失. 相似文献
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棉花新品种主要农艺及经济性状综合评价的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在不同生态点条件下，棉花主要农艺及经济性状之间有明显的差异。纤维品质中以麦克隆值的变异最大，产量性状中以单株成铃的变异最大。通过分析，在不同生态点下建立了纤维品质与籽棉产量的线性回归模型(Y=-2488．2380 36．4393X1 19.0355X2-6．9988X3-14．8041X4 0．1763X5)和产量性状构成因素与籽棉产量的线性回归模型(Y=-362．2510—1．7261X1 44．5081X2 22．5925X3-70．6397X4 18．7370X5)，以揭示主要农艺及经济性状之间的量化关系。 相似文献
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大豆灰斑病是一个多循环病害,叶、荚病情田间流行曲线均呈"S"型,(Y)1=C/1 ea-bX公式进行曲线方程拟合,拟合方程均达到显著水平.根据荚病指(x)与病粒率(y)的相关建立了荚病指与病粒率的直线回归方程,感病品种Y=3.2 0.8890X,抗病品种Y=1.223 0.7669X.根据病粒率与气象因子的相关关系建立了早熟品种和中晚熟品种灰斑病粒率预测多元回归方程,早熟品种(Y)1(%)=-0.38-0.3889X1 0.7726X2 0.7070X3,中晚熟品种(Y)2(%)=-7.08-6.37×10-2X1 1.405X2 2.694X3.预测方程在一个农场运行结果,预测病粒率与实际调查的病粒率十分接近. 相似文献
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以粤油13为供试材料,通过3种不同直径的管环处理,创制不同株型。本研究统计分析了18个主要农艺性状的相关性;采用通径分析的方法对单株产量进行通径分析;然后进行单株产量的逐步回归分析。农艺性状分析结果表明,单株产量、最大果节数、侧枝长、单株总果数、单株饱果数随着处理直径的增大显著增加;相关分析表明,单株产量与侧枝角度、最大果节数、单株总果数和单株饱果数呈极显著正相关;通径分析表明,单株总果数对单株产量的直接通径系数最大(PY.X7=2.15),而在株型相关性状中,侧枝角度具有较大的间接效应(IEX2=0.8567),在侧枝角度影响单株产量的间接因素中,通过影响单株总果数的间接效应最大(IEX2.X7=1.2060)。通过逐步回归分析,分别建立了单株产量的最优回归方程:Y=8.43+0.53X2 (P=6.8E-5);Y=-29.26+1.26X8+0.22X7 (P=3.13E-19;P=4.06E-11),为单株产量预测提供理论参考。本研究初步解析了花生株型与产量之间的关系,初步探明了株型相关性状对产量的影响因素,提出了培育具有"U"型特征的花生新株型品种,可为花生株型育种提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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蛴螬为害花生的产量损失及经济阈值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蛴螬是为害花生最严重的地下害虫,造成极大经济损失。为指导花生田蛴螬防治,本文研究了花生开花下针期蛴螬虫口密度与花生受害状况间的关系,并在此基础上提出了经济阈值。结果表明,在花生开花下针初期,荚果被害率(y_1)、荚果受害指数(y_2)、产量损失率(y_3)与蛴螬虫口密度(x)间均呈显著正相关关系,回归方程分别为y_1=2.3694x-4.2992、y_2=2.0347x-3.5203、y_3=1.7589x-2.4401,相关系数分别为0.9779、0.9856和0.9736。以花生产量损失率为标准提出经济阈值为:采用目前生产上常用的防蛴螬杀虫剂30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂等防治时,经济阈值为3.2~4.1头/m~2。该研究可以指导蛴螬防治的科学用药,有助于提高蛴螬综合防控水平。 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献