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于2013年5月至2014年3月对黄河河南段进行了4个季度调查采样,分析了浮游生物群落的种类组成、密度、生物量和生物多样性等群落特征。此次调查共鉴定出浮游植物8门73种(属),其中,绿藻门、硅藻门、蓝藻门的种类数最多,分别有24种(属)、23种(属)和11种(属)。浮游植物的丰度值存在明显的季节变化,变化范围为:4.57×10~4~79.73×10~4 ind/L,表现为夏季或秋季最大,冬季最小;共鉴定出浮游动物4大类153种,其中,原生动物51种,轮虫72种,枝角类24种,桡足类6种。平均丰度为6.32×10~2 ind./L。物种丰富度大小顺序为秋春夏冬。黄河河南段Shannon-Wiener指数浮游植物变化范围为0.78~1.89,浮游动物为0.75~1.12。H'均较低,依据Shannon-Wiener指数评价标准,黄河河南段水质级别为中度污染。 相似文献
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研究河流浮游生物群落沿程变化,为水库生态调度及河流生态保护提供科学依据。在南渡江设10个监测点,于2014年8月1-5日(丰水期)与2015年1月21-26日(枯水期)采集浮游生物样品,进行定量和定性分析。丰、枯水两期生物监测共鉴定出浮游植物7门151种,丰度2.62×105~26.25×105个/L,香农-威纳生物多样性指数为1.4~2.9;浮游动物5门74种,丰度0.01~157.5个/L,香农-威纳指数为1.4~2.6。南渡江浮游生物群落结构沿程变化受梯级水电站建设影响较大,水库浮游生物丰度一般高于河道。尽管热带河流气温季节变化小,丰、枯水期水量变化对浮游生物群落影响显著。枯水期浮游生物丰度和多样性均低于丰水期,且沿程变化幅度更大,与枯水期水电站蓄水大规模改变水流连通性有关。与浮游植物相比,浮游动物群落结构在同一河流的沿程变化和季节变化更加显著,说明所研究河段浮游动物对栖息环境更加敏感。 相似文献
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于2021年秋季,对济南大明湖开展了浮游生物群落结构调查。结果表明,共采集到浮游植物5门49种,其中绿藻门种类数最多,占总种类数的48.98%;浮游植物密度和生物量平均值分别为26.31×106cells/L和28.964 mg/L。浮游动物4类10种,其中原生动物种类数最多,占浮游动物总种类数的40.00%;浮游动物密度和生物量平均值分别为3.80 ind./L和0.018 mg/L。浮游植物和浮游动物的多样性指数平均值分别为2.554和1.935。多样性指数水质评价表明,湖区水质整体处于中污染状态,污染程度存在区域差异。 相似文献
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浮游动物群落结构是定量描述河道水生态系统功能的重要指标,动物种类及现存量变化能灵敏地反映水域生态环境的动态变化。为探究涡河中下游浮游动物群落结构及其影响因素,于2016年12月至2017年9月分季度监测了其群落组成和水质变化,根据涡河中下游水闸的位置,将整个涡河划分为5个河段,每个采样河段均设置2个采样点,共计10个样点;采用浮游动物种类、密度、生物量和多样性指数,对涡河水体的营养状态和污染情况进行了评价,通过群落指标与水质指标的冗余度,识别群落结构的影响因子。结果表明:(1)涡河中下游4次采样共检测出浮游动物56种,其中原生动物13种,轮虫20种,枝角类13种,桡足类10种;(2)4个季度的生物量为0.12～8.87 mg/L,均值为1.78 mg/L;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.22～3.17,均值为2.13;水体整体处于中度富营养状态,污染指数为中污型;(3)春季的浮游动物优势种数较其他三季高,春季多样性指数较夏冬略高,明显高于秋季;(4)义门镇采样点秋季多样性指数接近于严重污染状态,城西镇、高炉镇采样点秋季多样性指数均处于严重污染状态,广布多肢轮虫为3个采样点的绝对优势种,在水质治理中应引起重视;(5)冗余度分析表明,环境因子对浮游动物时空分布的总体变异解释度为60.70%,流速、水温和溶解氧是影响涡河中下游浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子。 相似文献
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太湖五里湖湖滨带浮游动物群落结构特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖滨带在保持物种多样性、拦截陆源污染物、净化水体等方面发挥着重要作用。选取经生态修复的五里湖湖滨带为研究对象,于2014年7月至2015年6月对该水域4个区域(A,B,C,D)浮游动物进行逐月采样,以探讨五里湖湖滨带浮游动物群落结构及其生态意义。结果表明,本次调查共鉴定出浮游动物104属207种,其中原生动物37属88种,轮虫38属76种,枝角类17属29种,桡足类12属14种,物种数最多出现在8月(63种),最少出现在2月(25种);岸型对物种数的影响表现为自然滩地型明显高于水泥护岸。浮游动物丰度和生物量均值分别为3 135.35个/L和2.38mg/L,原生动物和轮虫丰度是五里湖湖滨带浮游动物丰度主体,轮虫生物量是五里湖湖滨带浮游动物生物量主体。浮游动物群落结构的季节差异明显,枝角类丰度和生物量表现为春季最高,夏季最低,而浮游动物、原生动物、轮虫和桡足类丰度和生物量均为秋季最高,冬季或春季最低;空间格局上也存在较大差异,浮游动物及各类群丰度和生物量均表现为C区D区B区A区,整体呈现东五里湖高于西五里湖的趋势。浮游动物多样性指数及丰度对水质的分析表明,五里湖湖滨带水质为中污染,水体营养状态为轻度富营养。冗余分析表明,TN、DO、Chl-a及pH是影响浮游动物群落结构动态变化的重要环境因子。 相似文献
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为探讨河流浮游生物种群的沿程变化,针对我国唯一一条大型热带河流-海南南渡江进行生物监测和调查研究。生物监测分丰水、枯水两期开展,共鉴定出浮游植物7门151种,丰度为2.62×105~26.25× 105 cells/L,香农-威纳生物多样性指数为1.4~2.9;同站点共鉴定出浮游动物5门74种,丰度为0.01~ 157.5 ind./L,香农-威纳生物多样性指数为1.4~2.6。 研究结果表明,南渡江浮游生物群落结构沿程变化受梯级水电建设影响较大,水库浮游生物丰度一般高于河流干流。尽管热带河流气温季节变化不大,丰水、枯水水量变化对浮游生物群落影响显著。枯水期浮游生物丰度和多样性均低于丰水期,且沿程变化更加不规则,与枯水期梯级水电蓄水大规模改变水流连通性有关。与浮游植物相比,浮游动物群落结构在同一河流的沿程变化和季节变化更加显著,说明所研究河段浮游动物对栖息环境更加敏感。 相似文献
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同安湾浮游动物的基本特征及水质评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文根据1995年5月至1998年2月同安湾浮游动物的调查材料,阐明了同安湾浮游动物的种类组成、生物量、数量的平面分布、群落结构等基本特征,探讨了同安湾浮游动物与环境因子的关系。并用群落的多样性指数对同安湾的水质进行评价。结果表明浮游动物鉴定的种类有79种,分6个生态群落,其中低盐近岸生态群落是最主要的生态群落。1997年浮游动物种类数、生物量、群落的多样性、均匀度、丰度均比1995年高。从浮游动物多样性变化的结果分析:1995年该海域已受污染,1997年趋向好转。还分析了浮游动物与环境因子之间的关系,太平洋纺锤水蚤和盐度有密切相关,其一元线性回归方程为y=1016.91～32.23x。浮游动物的高生物量区形成幼鱼索饵场。 相似文献
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为了给巢湖水质管理及富营养化防治提供科学依据，根据水系特征，在巢湖东、西湖区湖心、裕溪河出湖口、丰乐河、派河和南淝河共设置8个采样点，2013年12月至2014年11月共采样12次，分别代表冬季(12月-次年2月)、春季(3-5月)、夏季(6-8月)和秋季(9-11月)，对巢湖水体理化因子和后生浮游动物（枝角类、桡足类、轮虫）群落进行逐月周年调查。基于叶绿素(Chl-a)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、透明度(SD)等水体理化指标，运用综合营养状态指数(TLI)和生物多样性指数，对不同湖区受污染程度和营养状态进行综合评价。结果显示，巢湖共检出后生浮游动物42种（属），优势种矩形龟甲轮虫(Keratella quadrata)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)为富营养化水体或有机质较多水体的常见种，不同季节的优势种存在较大差异；总体上，后生浮游动物全年平均丰度371.6 个/L（191.5~600.0 个/L）和全年平均生物量3.0 mg/L（2.0~4.6 mg/L）均呈现西半湖高于东半湖、夏秋季高于冬春季的分布特点；其群落结构也存在显著的季节差异和空间差异，矩形龟甲轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫等是造成差异的主要种类。水温(WT)和Chl-a是影响枝角类丰度的重要因子，桡足类丰度与WT呈显著正相关，而轮虫丰度受TLI(∑)指数的显著影响。TLI(∑)指数均值为60.33（52.18~66.28），指示巢湖总体处于轻度至中度富营养化状态。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数表明，巢湖总体处于中度污染状态，不同湖区水体具有明显的不均衡性。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献