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用改进水提醇沉法提取银杏叶多糖。用灭活的传染性法氏囊超强毒(vvIBDV)GX8/99细胞适应株分别制备不同质量浓度(40,20,10 g/L)银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗、弗氏不完全佐剂疫苗和无佐剂疫苗。360只SPF公雏鸡随机均分为6组,其中5组SPF鸡分别免疫上述5种疫苗,另外1组SPF鸡不免疫作为阴性对照。检测IL-2和IFN-γ分泌量、血清抗体、外周血淋巴细胞转化率、外周血CD4^+和CD8^+T淋巴细胞数量等用来评价疫苗的免疫效果。38日龄进行攻毒试验,评价疫苗的保护效果。结果显示,银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组各免疫指标均显著高于弗氏佐剂和无佐剂疫苗组(P<0.05);40 g/L银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组免疫效果最好,但与20 g/L银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组差异不明显,并且2组攻毒保护率无显著性差异。结果表明,银杏叶多糖作为vvIBDV疫苗佐剂具有良好的免疫促进作用,且20 g/L的银杏叶多糖即可达到最佳效果。 相似文献
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为研究不同免疫增强剂对禽戊型肝炎病毒（aHEV）ORF2蛋白的免疫效果影响，研究通过大肠杆菌原核表达系统表达aHEV ORF2蛋白，纯化后与弗氏佐剂按1∶1等体积混合制备亚单位疫苗。将90只1日龄SPF雏鸡随机分成6组，每组15只。ORF2蛋白组单纯免疫YT-ORF2蛋白，ORF2蛋白+弗氏佐剂组免疫YT-ORF2蛋白+弗氏佐剂，AB101组免疫YT-ORF2蛋白+弗氏佐剂+AB101,AB106组免疫YT-ORF2蛋白+弗氏佐剂+AB106,AB506组免疫YT-ORF2蛋白+弗氏佐剂+AB506，空白对照组免疫生理盐水，分别在21、28、42日龄三次免疫SPF鸡。采用ELISA和间接免疫荧光检测不同免疫组SPF鸡的aHEV抗体水平，通过流式细胞仪检测CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞水平，荧光定量PCR检测IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ 3种细胞因子表达情况，并测定体重和器官发育指数。结果显示：原核表达获得分子量为72 ku的ORF2蛋白，AB106组产生的抗体水平极显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）,AB106和AB506免疫增强剂可引起CD4+和CD8+T细胞比重显著增加并上调I... 相似文献
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本试验提取乳酸杆菌L.caseiZhang的DNA作佐剂,按每只鸡100ug剂量添加到新城疫油苗及禽流感病毒H5亚型油苗中。新城疫和禽流感试验分别设空白对照组(Ⅰ组)、无佐剂疫苗组(Ⅱ组)、细菌核酸佐剂组(Ⅲ组)、弗氏完全佐剂组(Ⅳ组)、弗氏完全佐剂核酸免疫协同组(Ⅴ组)5组进行免疫,分别于15和28日龄首免,两周后二免。二免后每周采样用血凝及血凝抑制法检测血清抗体水平,并用MTT法检测脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,添加核酸组鸡HI抗体和T淋巴细胞增殖反应均极显著高于单独免疫疫苗组(P<0.01);而免疫组均极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01);细菌核酸组HI抗体略高于弗氏完全佐剂组,但T淋巴细胞转化率极显著高于弗氏完全佐剂组(P<0.01);同时弗氏完全佐剂核酸免疫协同组与核酸组无显著性差异。由此得出,乳酸杆菌L.caseiZhangDNA对新城疫油苗和禽流感病毒H5亚型油苗具有免疫增强作用;乳酸杆菌L.caseiZhangDNA与弗氏完全佐剂无明显的免疫协同作用。 相似文献
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目的:以Al(OH)3、蜂胶为阳性对照,检测肉豆蔻酰乙醛亚硫酸钠(HOU-C14)对新城疫疫苗(Clone30)的免疫佐剂活性.方法:将不同佐剂与新城疫疫苗配合制成佐剂苗注射免疫10日龄雏鸡,测定血清中特异抗体效价、淋巴细胞ANAE+百分率的变化.结果:与空白对照组相比,3种佐剂疫苗均能有效的提高ND-HI抗体效价、淋巴细胞ANAE+百分率,并且体重都正常增加;与阳性对照相比,HOU-C14的各项指标均高于Al(OH)3佐剂组、蜂胶佐剂组.结论:HOU-C14能明显地增强疫苗的免疫活性,安全性好,对雏鸡的生长无不良影响,是一种具有开发前景的新型的免疫佐剂. 相似文献
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仔鸡新城疫免疫程序的比较试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据ＨＩ抗体水平的检测和攻毒试验，比较了雏鸡新城疫免疫程序的效果。４种程序免疫的雏鸡５０日龄对强毒攻击均得到完全保护。对有一定母原ＨＩ抗体水平雏鸡，于孵出出后次日用Ⅱ系疫苗加灭活油佐剂疫苗免疫或４倍剂量Ⅱ系疫苗免疫，均优于仅用油佐剂苗免疫或１０日龄和２０日龄用Ⅱ系疫苗次免疫。 相似文献
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甲壳素、油乳剂和蜂胶对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫调节作用的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本实验以肉用AA雏鸡和蛋用罗曼雏鸡为实验动物,从细胞免疫和体液免疫首次研究了甲壳素对鸡新城疫疫苗的免疫调节作用,并与油乳剂和蜂胶佐剂加以比较,以观察不同免疫佐剂对鸡新城疫的免疫调节作用.试验结果表明,三种佐剂的疫苗在肉鸡组免疫后5～10 d,蛋鸡组免疫后5～15 d,甲壳素疫苗组HI抗体效价显著高于其它组;在肉鸡组免疫后15～37 d,蛋鸡组免疫后22～50 d,油乳剂疫苗组HI抗体效价显著高于其它组.用三种不同佐剂的疫苗免疫后,肉鸡和蛋鸡甲壳素疫苗组的细胞免疫水平显著高于其它组. 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2021,(6)
为探讨鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)生殖细胞特异性蛋白(HAP2)对球虫感染的免疫保护作用,将HAP2重组蛋白(rEtHAP2)加弗氏完全佐剂或弗氏不完全佐剂免疫雏鸡后,用E. tenella孢子化卵囊感染雏鸡,以雏鸡增重效果、卵囊排出量、肠道病变记分、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,评估rEtHAP2的免疫保护作用,并设PBS免疫对照组、正常饲养对照组。结果显示:rEtHAP2免疫组雏鸡的平均体重、日增重、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,均显著高于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);卵囊排出量,肠道病变记分则显著低于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);抗球虫指数ACI值为176.18,保护效果良好。研究表明生殖细胞特异性蛋白HAP2对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染具有良好的免疫保护作用,可成为柔嫩艾美耳球虫新型疫苗的候选抗原。 相似文献
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为筛选卵黄抗体的优良佐剂,以3株猪源致病性大肠杆菌(ETEC)菌毛蛋白为模式抗原,分别与6种佐剂制备多价菌毛蛋白疫苗,免疫海兰褐壳蛋鸡。结果显示,3次免疫后,所有试验组蛋鸡产蛋率均有不同程度下降,但SPA、ISCOMs、弗氏佐剂、蜂胶佐剂组的产蛋率下降程度较为轻微;对鸡体血清抗体和制备获得的卵黄抗体的效价检测结果均显示:SPA和ISCOMs组虽较SPB、SPC、弗氏佐剂组抗体水平略低,但持久度较好,且通过对蛋鸡外观形态和注射部位组织变化情况的观察显示,两者不会刺激鸡体热反应或炎症反应,无任何表观副作用。因此,更适合作为蛋鸡制备猪源ETEC卵黄抗体的优良佐剂。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献