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1.
宁夏盐池沙地3种植物群落土壤酶活性变化的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用样线法和样方法相结合,对盐池沙地典型植物群落牛枝子群落、牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落、黑沙蒿群落土壤酶活性变化进行了比较研究。结果表明:从牛枝子群落经牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落至黑沙蒿群落,0-5cm土层过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均为牛枝子群落最高,牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落最低;5-10cm,10-15cm土层过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均为牛枝子群落最高,黑沙蒿群落最低。土壤磷酸酶活性在3群落之间和各土层间无明显规律。相关性研究表明,3种植物群落土壤酶活性之间、土壤酶活性与土壤养分之间均存在密切关联性。 相似文献
2.
根系是植物群落演替的重要内容,对植被演替过程具有十分重要影响作用。采用时空替代法,选择不同恢复阶段,研究了干旱荒漠区植被恢复演替不同阶段优势种群及其根系生态特征。结果表明:沙漠化逆转过程中,优势种群更替过程为:沙米-沙蒿-油蒿-紫婉木、针茅;在恢复演替初期(初始阶段,先锋阶段)植被根系浅(平均<50 cm)而水平分布范围广,侧根数量少但生长旺盛;随着恢复时间的加长,优势种群根系分布深度增加,侧根数量增加但水平生长受到一定的抑制,根幅逐渐减小;优势种群根冠比的变化趋势为沙米(初始阶段)<沙蒿(先锋阶段)<油蒿(发展阶段)<针茅(原生群落)。研究同时发现,同一种群在不同的演替阶段具有不同的根系分布特征和规律。对于沙蒿种群来说,根冠比是发展阶段(0.56)>先锋阶段(0.36),而地上、地下生物量却是先锋阶段(360.83g,161.33g)>发展阶段(32.8g,16.81g);而油蒿根冠比则是发展阶段(0.61)>相对稳定阶段(0.21)。各演替阶段根系和土壤环境因子之间存在相互影响,优势种群根系生物量及生物量分布与土壤颗粒组成、土壤水分的空间分布有着密切的关系。 相似文献
3.
黄土高原藓结皮覆盖土壤导水性能和水流特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物结皮具有特殊的水文物理性质,为探究其对土壤水分渗透性和水流特征的影响,以黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土上3种典型地表覆盖类型(裸地、藓结皮、藓结皮-草本植物混合)为对象,采用环刀法和染色示踪法对其导水性质与水流特征进行探究。结果表明:藓结皮对2种土壤类型0~5 cm土层土壤理化性质影响较大,与裸地相比土壤容重降低了9.85%~10.00%,土壤黏粒含量增加了1.01~1.29倍,表层有机质含量提高了2.73~3.02倍;藓结皮使0~5 cm土层土壤饱和导水率降低了61.32%~88.89%,而在5~10 cm土层饱和导水率则有明显上升。另外,由于草本植物的影响,藓结皮-草本植物0~5 cm土层与藓结皮土壤相比土壤饱和导水率提高了1.32~6.43倍;黄绵土藓结皮与藓结皮-草本植物的染色面积比均高于裸地,且水分下渗深度增加了10 cm,而风沙土藓结皮与风沙土裸地的染色面积比差异不明显。综上所述,藓结皮和藓结皮-草本植物的存在改变了表层土壤水分渗透性以及水流运动特征和水分下渗深度,影响着黄土高原土壤水分保持和生态恢复。 相似文献
4.
毛乌素沙地臭柏、油蒿细根生产动态及影响因子 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心北试实验地选取了七块样地,并依据建群植被外貌特征划分为臭柏群落、臭柏灌丛、油蒿群落三类。用根钻对各样地一个生长季内的根系进行了五次取样,同时测量土壤水分、枝条生长长度、温湿度等一些气象因子。对活细根分级并称干重,发现臭柏、油蒿不同径级细根的季节动态不同,不同土层内相同径级的细根生产动态也不相同:①臭柏与油蒿D≤2 mm的细根生物量在4~5月份都有一个快速增长的阶段,随后增长格局各不相同。②臭柏灌丛中,1 mm相似文献
5.
毛乌素流动沙地飞播后基质的变化与播区植被的演变 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
沈渭寿 《干旱区资源与环境》1996,10(3):63-68
流动沙地飞播以后，随着基质稳定性的不断增强，即随着沙地由流动到半固定和固定状态的变化，沙地的物理和化学性质都会发生一系列的变化，而群落环境的变化又往往对飞播植物产生不利的影响。研究表明，毛乌素流动沙地飞播以后植物群落自身引起的群落环境的改变主要表现在地表０—１０ｃｍ深度内土壤粘粒含量、有机质含量、水解Ｎ含量和ＰａＯ５含量的增加以及盐酸和碳酸钙的淋洗。沙地的这些理化性质的变化又正是群落进展．演替的动力，而群落的进展演替则表现在飞播植物的衰退和天然植物油蒿以及草本植物盖度和群落丰富度的增加。本文研究了毛乌素流动沙地飞播以后沙地理化性质的变化以及这些变化对植物群落本身的影响。 相似文献
6.
古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮影响下土壤水分的日变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮影响下土壤水分的日变化特征进行了定量研究,结果表明:①无论是结皮覆盖区还是无结皮覆盖区,其土壤含水量随深度的变化均表现出明显的层次性,其中以距地表 20 cm处的土壤含水量最高.②结皮覆盖区距地表5 cm和10 cm处的土壤含水量显著高于无结皮覆盖区(LSD检验, p ＜0.05);而45 cm和60 cm处的土壤含水量则表现为结皮覆盖区极显著低于无结皮区(LSD检验,p＜0.05),说明生物结皮具有较强的保持土壤表层水分的能力.③结皮覆盖区与无结皮覆盖区土壤水分的日变化特征明显不同于距地表5 cm处,而其他各土层的变化趋势则较为一致.无结皮覆盖区距地表5 cm处土壤水分的日变化呈先上升后下降的趋势,而结皮覆盖区的变化则恰恰相反. 相似文献
7.
生物结皮对荒漠草本植物群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱区研究》2017,(6)
通过人工去除生物结皮试验,分析古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮对常见荒漠草本植物群落结构的影响。根据人为去除生物结皮的试验结果,结合生物结皮对种子萌发、幼苗存活以及土壤养分和水分等影响,综合分析生物结皮对草本植物多样性的影响。结果表明:尖喙牻牛儿苗(Erodium oxyrrhynchum)、条叶庭荠(Alyssum linifolium)、琉苞菊(Hyalea pulchella)、荒漠庭荠(Alyssum desertorum)及旱麦草(Eremopyrum triticeum)的生物量总和占总生物量的90%以上,是该沙漠的优势草本植物。去除生物结皮后,草本植物的植被高度、物种丰富度和多样性指数都显著提高;但是,植被盖度、密度和群落生物量却显著降低。说明生物结皮的存在改变了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘荒漠草本植物的群落结构,植被盖度和群落生物量提高,这对于防风固沙、稳定沙面具有重要的生态意义。 相似文献
8.
毛乌素沙地三种下垫面土壤吸湿凝结水量的比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨半干旱区不同下垫面对土壤吸湿凝结水量的影响,采用称重法研究了毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心院内臭柏群落、油蒿群落和裸地三种下垫面土壤吸湿凝结水量的变化特征。结果表明:植被可以改变试验点的温湿度,裸露沙地凝结量小于有植物区;臭柏群落形成吸湿凝结水最多,油蒿次之,裸地最少;同一下垫面中的凝结水量,地表以上20cm处的>10cm处>地表处。 相似文献
9.
油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)是毛乌素沙地分布最广的沙生植被,具有适应干旱环境的生态-生物学特征,是毛乌素沙地最主要的建群种之一,研究油蒿群落不同演替阶段的物种多样性特征,对沙地退化生态系统的恢复和生物多样性保护具有重要意义.通过野外调查,以物种重要值信息为指标,采用TWINSPAN数量分类方法,将油蒿群... 相似文献
10.
科尔沁差巴嘎蒿根系分布规律与土壤水分关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以生长在科尔沁大青沟两侧台面上的差巴嘎蒿为研究对象,采用整株挖掘的方法,研究差巴嘎蒿根系分布的规律。结果表明:差巴嘎蒿根系垂直分布深度为0～90㎝,其中0～30㎝的土层中根系分布最多,占根系总长度的85.74%,水平方向上表现为近密远疏的趋势;整体上根系呈主根型分布,形态上呈"伞"型分布。差巴嘎蒿根系分布与土壤水分密切相关。随着深度的增加,土壤含水量逐渐增大,但根系长度、生物量及密度均逐渐降低,两者呈负相关关系,其中根长平均变化率-12.61%、根生物量平均变化率-29.07%,均大于土壤含水量平均变化率7.92%,但比根长却与土壤含水量呈正相关关系,且比根长平均变化率7.58%与土壤含水量平均变化率7.92%相差不大。 相似文献
11.
12.
福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
13.
14.
F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
15.
调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
16.
Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
17.
E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
18.
Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
19.
Magdalina I. Luzhnova Lyudmila M. Shekhtman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):205-210
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues. 相似文献
20.
The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献