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1.
用胚胎固定脱膜方法对黑尾近红鲌胚胎发育进行连续观察,用整胚原位杂交技术对原始生殖细胞的起源和迁移进行研究.试验结果表明,黑尾近红鲌受精卵为粘性,淡黄色,圆形,直径(0.94±0.05) mm.在水温24.5 ℃的孵育条件下,受精卵经25 min开始胚胎发育,45 min进入2细胞期,5 h 15 min进入囊胚期,7 h 25 min进入原肠期,10 h 15 min进入神经胚期;50 h,50%以上的仔鱼孵出.刚出膜的仔鱼长约(4.10±0.02) mm.黑尾近红鲌原生殖细胞最早发现于原肠期;在原肠中期和神经胚期,其位于胚盾靠近卵黄囊的内胚层;在胚层分化期,原生殖细胞迁移到脏壁中胚层;在孵化期,原生殖细胞迁移到体两侧的生殖嵴中,与生殖嵴共同组成胚胎的未分化性腺. 相似文献
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为了研究龟鳖类生殖细胞发育分化机制,实验通过RACE技术克隆获得了中华鳖dead end (dnd)基因全长c DNA,RT-PCR分析了其在不同组织的转录表达情况,并通过原位杂交技术检测了dnd mRNA在中华鳖雌雄性腺配子发生过程中的表达变化。结果显示,中华鳖dnd cDNA全长1 251 bp (GenBank登录号为OL757532),包括234 bp的3’端非翻译区和1 017 bp开放读码框,开放读码框编码338个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,中华鳖Dnd蛋白与其他物种同源蛋白一样,均具有6个保守的结构域,其中高度保守的RNA识别结构域是主要的功能结构域。中华鳖Dnd与绿海龟Dnd氨基酸序列一致性最高,亲缘关系最近。RT-PCR结果显示,Psdnd特异性地在中华鳖性腺组织中表达,且在卵巢中的表达明显高于精巢。原位杂交分析结果显示,Psdnd mRNA在生殖细胞中特异表达。在卵巢中,Psdnd mRNA主要在Ⅱ期初级卵母细胞的细胞质中表达,随着卵母细胞的增大,在Ⅳ期及以后的卵母细胞中检测不到其表达。在精巢中,Psdnd mRNA信号在初级精母细胞中表达最强,... 相似文献
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原始生殖细胞是胚胎发育过程中最早建立的一群生殖干细胞,是有性生殖动物生殖发育的基础。鱼类原始生殖细胞特化遵循“先成论”的模式,早期胚胎发育过程中获得母源生殖质组分的细胞特化为原始生殖细胞,特化形成的原始生殖细胞需要维持其生殖干细胞命运,并经过长距离迁移最终到达性腺原基的位置。原始生殖细胞特化、迁移和命运维持过程受到多种基因和信号通路的综合调控。研究鱼类原始生殖细胞发育不仅有助于深入理解脊椎动物细胞特化、迁移和命运维持等基本生物学过程的调控机理,而且是开发新的养殖鱼类生殖控制和生殖干细胞移植技术的重要基础。本文概述了鱼类原始生殖细胞发育的基础理论以及生殖操作技术研究进展,并展望了未来的发展趋势,以期为开发重要养殖鱼类优良种质创制新技术提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解Sox14基因在拟穴青蟹胚胎发育和性腺发育过程中可能起到的调控作用,实验从青蟹性腺转录组数据库中得到全长为2558 bp的Sp-Sox14 c DNA序列,该序列编码一个包含427个氨基酸的蛋白,包含一个HMG-box。进化树分析表明,Sp-Sox14与其他节肢动物的Sox14亲缘关系较近。实时定量PCR结果显示,Sp-Sox14在成蟹雌雄各组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中在卵巢和雄蟹心脏中的表达量最高。在胚胎发育过程中,SpSox14在复眼色素形成期的表达量显著高于其他时期。在性腺不同发育阶段,Sp-Sox14在卵黄发生前期(O2)的表达量显著高于卵巢其他发育阶段;而在精巢发育过程中,其表达量在成熟精子期(T3)高于精母细胞期(T1)和精子细胞期(T2)。推测其参与卵巢的前期发育以及精子成熟等过程。整胚原位杂交结果显示,Sp-Sox14在青蟹胚胎复眼色素形成期阳性信号定位于头部以及鄂足附近,在近孵化期定位于复眼附近,幼体孵出期则在头部仍有少量信号,暗示其与青蟹神经器官的形成以及体节附肢的发生有关。 相似文献
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为探究黑素皮质素受体1基因(MC1R)在橘色双冠丽鱼胚胎发育和体色形成过程中的表达定位及功能,本研究首先制备了MC1R基因的RNA正反义探针,T7方向转录的正义RNA探针质量浓度为447.529 ng/μL,SP6方向转录的反义RNA探针质量浓度为342.698 ng/μL。经10～20倍稀释后的探针用于原位杂交,MC1R基因探针表达定位显示,随橘色双冠丽鱼胚胎的发育杂交信号总体呈逐渐减弱趋势,原肠期和视泡期其卵黄和胚体侧卧部分有杂交信号分布;出膜期其脊柱、卵黄囊及其内容物和色素细胞内出现杂交信号;出膜期第1天,卵黄表面有信号分布。总体来看,杂交信号在脊索、卵黄囊、卵黄囊内容物质及色素细胞有特异表达,而以正义探针作为阴性对照组在5个胚胎阶段均无任何信号,杂交信号显现的MC1R表达定位说明其在橘色双冠丽鱼色素细胞的分化、迁移中起到重要调控作用,也与神经、营养、免疫功能相关,初步建立了鱼类体色相关基因功能和定位研究的整胚原位杂交方法。 相似文献
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星斑川鲽雌核发育二倍体、单倍体与普通二倍体及杂交胚胎发育的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过紫外线(UV)对冷冻的鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)精子进行灭活,利用冷休克和压力休克方法诱导星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)雌核发育二倍体,同时利用灭活鲈精子制备单倍体胚胎,未灭活鲈精子受精制备杂交胚胎,星斑川鲽精子受精制备正常发育胚胎。对以上几种胚胎发育时序、发育生物学特征进行了观察比较。结果表明,卵裂期单倍体、杂交二倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎发育速度与普通二倍体胚胎没有明显差异,从低囊胚期开始各实验组胚胎发育速度均慢于普通二倍体胚胎;杂交胚胎在胚体形成期基本死亡,单倍体胚胎在尾芽期停止发育死亡,均不能正常孵出。雌核发育二倍体与普通二倍体具有相似的发育时序,普通二倍体100 h 10 min孵化出膜,而雌核发育二倍体104 h 50 min孵化出膜。雌核发育胚体畸形率(53.59±0.36)%,孵化率(0.11±0.01)%;普通二倍体胚体畸形率(35.11±6.19)%,孵化率(58.01±5.30)%;与普通二倍体相比,雌核发育二倍体胚体畸形率高,孵化率低,但孵化鱼苗能够正常发育,获得了雌核发育群体。本研究为星斑川鲽雌核发育提供了技术方法,同时为单倍体、杂交和雌核发育胚胎的发育生物学研究提供了细胞生物学证据。 相似文献
7.
以河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)为母本、云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmorata)为父本进行科间人工远缘杂交,对杂交子代胚胎发育情况进行了观察和记录,描述了各个发育阶段的形态特征。结果显示:杂交子代的胚胎发育可分为受精、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、体节、鳃、孵化期8个阶段。根据每个阶段的形态建成以及发育特点,分为31个主要时期,卵裂阶段从2细胞期至32细胞期和桑葚期;囊胚阶段有囊胚早期、囊胚晚期;原肠阶段有原肠早期、原肠中期、原肠晚期;神经胚阶段有神经胚早期、神经胚晚期;体节分化阶段从2体节期到41体节期;鳃阶段又可分为消化系统形成期、肝脏形成期、鳃裂期以及脾脏和口裂形成期;最后的孵化期分为出膜前期、出膜期。在温度为(20±2)℃的孵化条件下,杂交子代的受精卵经501 h孵出仔鱼。 相似文献
8.
以怀头鲶(Silurus soldatovi)为母本、鲶(Silurus asotus)为父本进行人工杂交,同时怀头鲶、鲶分别进行自交,在20 0～23.5℃水温条件下,3种受精卵分别以附着方式进行孵化.对受精卵的受精率和胚胎发育进程进行观察.结果表明,3种受精卵的胚胎发育以神经胚期为分界点,怀头鲶、杂交鲶在神经胚期前发育较慢,鲶受精卵发育较快;神经胚期后的器官形成期至胚体出膜阶段,怀头鲶、杂交鲶胚胎发育比鲶快.杂交鲶的胚胎各发育阶段主要偏向于母本,影响杂交鲶发育的主要因素是怀头鲶的卵而非鲶的精子,母本决定杂交鲶的胚胎和仔鱼发育. 相似文献
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利用组织学方法对人工培育的石鲽(Kareius bicoloratusBasiewsky)仔、幼鱼性腺发育进行研究。结果表明,性腺的发育与体长密切相关。刚孵化石鲽的原生殖细胞数目为2个,孵化3 d数目增至8个,之后经过迁移,至孵化9 d到达生殖嵴。在全长为7.2～8.5 mm(孵化9～11 d)的仔鱼中,性腺原基中的体细胞迅速增殖并包围原生殖细胞,后者在全长10～15 mm(孵化后10～35 d)的仔幼鱼中增殖成为生殖干细胞。原始性腺在全长15～30 mm(孵化40～60 d)的幼鱼中逐渐发育完善,呈细线状,位于腹腔后部中肾管下方紧贴体壁。雌性性腺最早在全长32.5 mm(孵化66 d)的个体中出现分化特征,至全长89～102 mm时雌性性腺特征完全分化。雄性性腺的分化较雌性性腺晚,最早在全长为91 mm的幼鱼中开始,至全长为114～118 mm时雄性性腺分化特征已经十分明显。 相似文献
13.
Suzu Sakao Takafumi Fujimoto Terumasa Kobayashi Goro Yoshizaki Etsuro Yamaha Katsutoshi Arai 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):993-1000
Diploid gametes generated with tetraploid animals are a stepping stone to improving chromosome manipulation techniques. However,
artificially induced tetraploid individuals generally die soon after hatching. Diploid gametes could be induced by in vivo
cultures of tetraploid primordial germ cells (PGCs) through germ-line chimera. In the present study, characteristics of PGCs
were studied in inviable tetraploid masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou. Histological observation of tetraploid embryos revealed that the same or smaller numbers of PGCs were observed and they
migrate into the genital ridges as did diploid PGCs during gonadogenesis. By whole-mount in situ hybridization using vasa messenger RNA (mRNA), 4–35 vasa-positive signals were detected in a pair of genital ridges of tetraploids. By cytological
observation of genital ridge cell suspensions, several large round cells were observed, some of which extended pseudopodia.
They also contained large nuclei and round granules in their cytoplasm, characteristics of PGCs. As the results suggest that
inviable artificial tetraploids have PGCs, we expect to achieve diploid gamete production through surrogate propagation and
tetraploid fish production. 相似文献
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Toru Kobayashi Ryo Ishibashi Shinji Yamamoto Satoshi Otani Koichi Ueno Osamu Murata 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(2):230-239
The timing of primordial germ‐cell (PGC) migration with regard to the gonadal anlagen, gonad formation and sex differentiation was examined histologically in the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at 5–190 days post hatching (dph). At 5 dph, PGCs appeared on the peritoneal epithelium surface or in the mesentery, on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. By 10 dph, stromal cells around the PGCs proliferated. The gonadal primordium was formed by 15 dph. The gonadosomatic index was 0.01% at 30 dph and increased thereafter (0.32% in females and 0.04% in males at 160 dph). Ovarian differentiation occurred at 30–40 dph, indicated by ovarian cavity formation (elongation and fusion of the upper and lower ovarian edges). Meiosis was subsequently initiated. A few meiotic oocytes surrounded the cavity at 50 dph; most were in the perinucleolus stage at 60 dph and attained a diameter of 60–70 μm at 190 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred at 30 dph, indicated by the formation of the sperm duct primordium. Spermatogonia gradually proliferated, developing into spermatocytes at the chromatin–nucleolus stage (after 90 dph) and subsequently into spermatids and spermatozoa (160 dph). These data could aid the development of seeding and cell‐engineering technologies for scombrid fish. 相似文献
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鱼类生殖细胞移植技术是通过诱导不同物种之间生殖系嵌合体来实现。原始生殖细胞和精原细胞(或卵原细胞)是诱导生殖细胞系嵌合体的关键材料。在过去的十多年中,通过采用不同的供体生殖细胞和不同发育阶段(囊胚期胚胎、初孵仔鱼和成鱼)的鱼为受体,开发出多种鱼类生殖细胞移植技术。这些成果的取得,为生殖细胞移植技术应用于诸多水产养殖新兴领域打下了坚实基础。该技术可以应用于:(1)生殖细胞生物学和转基因鱼等基础研究;(2)遗传资源和濒危鱼种的保护;(3)鱼类性别选择育种;(4)有效提高放流鱼苗的遗传多样性。 相似文献
17.
Cryopreservation of trout primordial germ cells 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
T. Kobayashi Y. Takeuchi G. Yoshizaki T. Takeuchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):479-480
A method for cryopreserving trout primordial germ cells (PGCs) was established. Trout PGCs were successfully cryopreserved with high survival by freezing with medium containing 1.8 M ethylene glycol. Transplantation experiment revealed that frozen/thawed PGCs colonized and proliferated in the recipients' gonads. 相似文献
18.
大黄鱼仔稚鱼不同发育阶段矢耳石形态发育和微结构特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对人工培育大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的生长发育与矢耳石形态及微结构特征进行研究,结果表明:(1)大黄鱼矢耳石上的轮纹是每日形成的,第1日轮在孵化后第2天形成,与其初次摄食相对应。(2)大黄鱼卵黄囊期和前弯曲期仔鱼的耳石形态为圆形,进入弯曲期耳石长轴迅速伸长,在后弯曲期耳石形态变为椭圆形。进入稚鱼期,矢耳石开始形成次生核。随后次生核数量逐渐增加,在孵化后47～78 d的个体中,次生核数量稳定在5～7个,耳石近似盾形。(3)根据耳石日轮宽度推算的大黄鱼稚鱼在其仔鱼期生长率(b)与第1个次生核的形成时间(tsp1)之间存在明显的线性关系,表明生长较快的个体形成次生核的时间较早,进入稚鱼期所需的时间更短。以上结论表明,大黄鱼矢耳石可以反演其早期生活史阶段的生长发育特征。 相似文献
19.
T. Kobayashi H. Kajiura-Kobayashi Y. Nagahama 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):157-157
We reported previously that two isoforms of vasa mRNA and protein are present in tilapia (Kobayashi et al. 2002). One (vas-s) lacks a part of the N-terminal region found in the other isoform (vas). Both isoforms are expressed in oocytes through the embryonic stages when PGCs localize in the lateral plate mesoderm. After PGCs localized in the gonadal anlagen, vas-s expression increased and vas expression became undetectable. Expression of both isoforms was observed again after morphological gonadal sex differentiation, irrespective of genotypic sexes. These changes are in accordance with sex differences in number of gonial germ cells during this period, suggesting that molecular sexual dimorphism occurs in germ cells between both sexes during this period. 相似文献
20.
Nan Lin Yuange Chen Yan Jin Xingwei Yuan Jianzhong Ling Yazhou Jiang 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(2):357-363
The horizontal distribution of the early life stages of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent area was investigated through six ichthyoplankton surveys conducted during the period of mid-April to mid-July 2015. A total of seven eggs and 2461 larvae and juveniles of small yellow croaker were collected. Abundance of the specimens was highest in mid-May and lowest in mid-July. The composition of the different development stages of small yellow croaker varied among the six cruises, although post-flexion larvae and juveniles dominated the ichthyoplankton collection in each cruise. Specimens at different development stages showed different distribution patterns in the study area. The eggs, yolk-sac and pre-flexion larvae were mainly collected at stations with depth exceeding 30 m, while post-flexion larvae and juveniles were mainly distributed in the relatively shallow waters near to the mouth of the Yangtze River. In conclusion, the study suggested that the study area had largely lost the ecological function to support small yellow croaker spawning, although it could still serve as nursery ground for the species. 相似文献