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1.
滨麦HMW-GS启动子和编码区基因的分离与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了深入了解滨麦(Leymus mollis)HMW-GS基因的结构特征,采用PCR方法,从滨麦基因组中分离出HMW-GS基因启动子序列(Genbank登录号:FJ600498)和编码区序列(Genbank登录号:GQl69797).启动子序列(FJ600498)从5'至3'方向依次有E-box、N-box、G-box、HMW谷蛋白特异增强子和TATA-box等麦谷蛋白特异调控元件,推断其为滨麦HMW-GS启动子基因.编码区序列(GQ169797)具有单一完整的开放阅读框(ORF),编码396个氨基酸残基,依次包含信号肽、N-末端区、中部重复区和C-末端区等HMW-GS的典型结构区域;中部重复区主要重复单元为6肽(PQQGQQ)和9肽(GYYPTSPQQ);有6个半胱氨酸残基(Cys),分布在N-末端区(5个)和C-末端区(1个),第3、4个相邻.推断其为滨麦的y-型HMW-GS编码区基因.系统进化分析表明,启动子序列(FJ600498)与异形花草(He.piliferum)和冰草(Ag.cristatum)的HMW-GS启动子基因序列具有相对较近的同源关系;编码区序列(GQ169797)与纤毛鹅观草(Elymus ciliaris)和披碱草(E.glaucus)的HMW-GS编码区基因序列具有相对较近的同源关系. 相似文献
2.
为发掘低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMWGS）新的变异类型,通过设计引物和特异PCR扩增,从簇毛麦TA2127基因组DNA中得到14个LMWGS基因,GenBank登录号分别为HQ615147～HQ615160。序列分析表明,所有基因具有完整编码区,长度为831 bp和846 bp,可编码277和282个氨基酸残基,推导的氨基酸序列分析显示,14个基因编码的蛋白序列都缺少一段N端保守区,且N端序列是一种新的类型;在14个LMWGS基因中检测到19个SNPs和1个16 bp 的缺失。系统进化分析表明,簇毛麦LMWGS与ω醇溶蛋白和HMWGS亲缘关系相对较远,与普通小麦 Glu3的低分子谷蛋白基因进化关系相对较近。 相似文献
3.
高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMWGS）对小麦面粉加工品质有促进作用,尤其是GluD1d 基因编码的1Dx5+1Dy10亚基能增加面团的筋度和弹性。小麦背景中的1BL·1RS易位对小麦面粉加工品质有显著的负面影响。因此,在小麦品质育种中如何判定小麦背景中是否含有1BL·1RS易位和HMWGS的GluD1d基因具有重要意义。本研究利用3对分别检测1BL·1RS易位、GluB3和GluD1位点的共显性特异标记,结合SDSPAGE鉴定,对16份已知遗传背景和GluD1x等位基因材料及38株（周麦18×烟农19）F2群体进行了分析,探索出适合同时鉴定小麦背景中1BL·1RS易位和GluD1d基因的多重PCR技术实验体系,并采用该体系对国内外352份小麦品种（系）进行了鉴定。结果表明,该体系是同时鉴定小麦背景中1BL·1RS易位和GluD1d基因的一种非常有效、简便可行的实验方法,可在标记辅助选择（MAS）育种中应用。 相似文献
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为了研究高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMWGS)缺失对小麦品质的影响,以 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失材料2GS041410作供体亲本,以弱筋小麦品种扬麦13和扬麦18作轮回亲本进行回交,构建不同遗传背景的BC1F3和BC2F3群体,测定受体、供体亲本的品质,以及回交群体BC1F3和BC2F3中 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失纯合单株及两位点均正常表达纯合单株的品质。结果表明,供体2GS041410具有较低的SDS沉降值、较短的面团形成时间和稳定时间;在BC1F3和BC2F3中, GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失对蛋白含量影响不显著,但可显著或极显著降低SDS沉降值和水溶剂保持力(SRC)。 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS双缺失在弱筋小麦品质育种中具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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为了解甘肃冬小麦农家品种和改良品种HMWGS变异及品质效应,为小麦品质改良和亲本选用提供依据,采用SDSPAGE法和近红外反射光谱法检测340份品种的HMWGS和其中252份的沉淀值、蛋白质和湿面筋含量。结果表明,340份品种在Glu1位点共有14种亚基变异,34种亚基组合形式。GluA1位点共有3种变异,亚基缺失（null)的频率最高,1和2*亚基出现的频率改良品种（36.9%）比农家品种（12.0%）高;GluB1位点共有7种变异,7+8亚基出现的频率最高,改良品种比农家品种降低36.1个百分点;GluD1位点有4种亚基变异,2+12亚基出现频率最高,改良品种比农家品种降低11个百分点,5+10亚基的频率改良品种较农家品种提高17.6个百分点。含5+12亚基的农家品种及含14+15亚基的改良品种综合品质较优。从供试改良品种中筛选出在2个以上基因位点具有优质亚基的品种46个,其中10个品种在3个位点上都具有优质亚基。 相似文献
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为揭示Glu-D3位点编码的低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）基因的分子特征,并开发能有效地应于育种选择的分子标记,根据已注册的D基因组来源的LMW-GS基因编码区的保守区域,设计1对特异性简并引物,采用基因组PCR法,从豫麦50中克隆出LMW-GS基因后进行序列分析。结果表明,本研究共得到了6个具有独特编码区的核苷酸序列(命名为LMW-Y50-1~LMW-Y50-6;GenBank注册号为JN831414~JN831417、HM055908和JX828375)。其中,4个（LMW-Y50-2,LMW-Y50-4~LMW-Y50-6）具有完整的开放阅读框。推导的氨基酸序列比对分析表明,这4个基因均具有LMW-m型LMW-GS的典型分子特征,其中,LMW-Y50-5缺失N-末端第1个保守的半胱氨酸残基,LMW-Y50-6在C-末端I区含有1个额外的半胱氨酸残基,LMW-Y50-2和LMW-Y50-4均含有8个保守的半胱氨酸残基。根据N-末端和C-末端保守序列,4个基因均属于定位在1D染色体上的IV型7、8和10组基因。所得基因序列与36个代表不同位点、不同等位变异或不同单倍型LMW-GS基因序列的聚类分析表明,4个基因分别与D3-2、D3-4和D3-6单倍型有更高的同源性。表明本研究设计的简并引物可对D基因组来源的m-型LMW-GS基因进行特异扩增。而考虑到半胱氨酸残基数目和位置对面筋品质的重要影响,推测含有异常半胱氨酸残基数目的LMW-Y50-3和LMW-Y50-4基因,尤其是LMW-Y50-3基因,可能与豫麦50优质弱筋的面筋品质有关。 相似文献
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为了明确通过RNA干扰技术（RNAi）获得的转基因小麦品系“Glu1Dx5RNAi”中1Dx5基因的遗传规律,以“Glu1Dx5RNAi”为供体亲本,以弱筋品种扬麦18和扬麦13为轮回亲本进行回交, 采用半籽粒SDSPAGE法检测亲本、F1、F2和BC1F1籽粒的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMWGS）组成。结果表明,1Dx5基因的沉默效应在杂交后代中表现为显性遗传,在F2和BC1F1世代1Dx5亚基不表达的种子数与1Dx5亚基表达的种子数的比例分别符合13∶3和3∶1的分离比例,说明转小RNA基因导致1Dx5基因沉默是单基因显性遗传。对转基因小麦“Glu1Dx5RNAi”及其受体品种Bobwhite进行品质测试表明,Glu1Dx5RNAi蛋白质含量（13.28%）比转化受体Bobwhite（12.83%）高0.45个百分点,硬度指数、微量SDS沉降值比受体品种分别降低3.13和3.7 mL。1Dx5基因沉默对弱筋小麦育种可能会有一定的利用价值。 相似文献
8.
玉米dbf1 基因在干旱胁迫下的编码产物与DIP1蛋白相结合,调控植物激素脱落酸（ABA）响应基因rab17 的表达,从而提高耐旱性。以B73的dbf1 基因组序列为模板,对104个玉米自交系的dbf1 基因进行测序,研究玉米dbf1 基因的序列多态性。多态性分析表明,在全长为2 118 bp的序列中共发现48个SNP和12个InDel。尽管大部分变异位点集中在非编码区,但编码区的1个InDel和3个非同义突变位点的变异可以产生氨基酸序列改变。玉米dbf1 基因的全长序列和编码区序列的变异位点可以分别将该基因划分成33和11种单倍型,并且编码7种蛋白质。在供试材料中,dbf1 基因至少经历了9次重组,中性检测表明,该基因的进化没有偏离中性选择。 相似文献
9.
小麦WRKY转录因子在抗旱抗逆等方面有重要作用。为小麦抗旱抗逆分子模块组装育种提供参考,本研究在已有小麦TaWRKY2基因cDNA序列（GenBank登录号：EU665425）的基础上,从小麦品种晋麦79号中克隆获得TaWRKY2基因全长序列,并对TaWRKY2的基因结构、基因组信息进行研究,同时检测其在部分小麦亲缘种、黄淮麦区水旱地代表品种、本课题组选育的高代品系及部分水旱地杂交组合F1代中的分布。结果表明,克隆所得到的TaWRKY2基因全长DNA序列包含4个外显子和3个内含子,其中,3个内含子长度变化范围为111~172 bp;外显子和内含子的交接处序列符合GT-AG原则;与乌拉尔图小麦（Triticum urartu,AA）和粗山羊草（Aegilops tauschii,DD）中的片段序列同源性分别为93%和99%,与中国春小麦（AABBDD）1AS、1BS和1DS染色体的片段序列同源性分别为93%、88%和99%。除野生一粒小麦外,在小麦进化祖先种、黄淮海水旱地推广的代表品种、课题组选育的高代品系及F1代共78份材料中,都能够检测出该基因的普遍存在,说明该基因可应用于小麦抗旱抗逆分子设计育种中。 相似文献
10.
为研究矮秆基因在中国不同麦区的分布,以及株高和小穗密度与赤霉病抗性的相关性,本研究通过分析3个矮秆基因 Rht1、 Rht2和 Rht8在211份不同麦区小麦自然群体中的分布,并结合其在不同环境下株高、小穗密度以及赤霉病抗性的调查数据,分析矮秆基因 Rht1、 Rht2和 Rht8对赤霉病抗性的影响。结果表明：（1）不同麦区矮秆基因的分布频率差异较大, Rht1主要分布在长江中下游麦区, Rht2和 Rht8主要分布在黄淮麦区;（2）与野生型品种相比,携带 Rht1、 Rht2和 Rht8的小麦品种,株高均显著或极显著降低;（3）携带 Rht2和 Rht8的小麦品种,赤霉病抗性均极显著低于野生型品种,而携带 Rht1的小麦品种,赤霉病抗性则极显著高于野生型品种;（4）携带 Rht2和 Rht8的小麦品种,小穗密度显著大于野生型品种,而携带 Rht1的小麦品种,小穗密度则显著降低。因此,不同矮秆基因对小穗密度性状的遗传差异可能是导致小麦赤霉病抗性和不同麦区矮秆基因选择利用差异的部分原因。 相似文献
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12.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
13.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
14.
概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
15.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
16.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
17.
In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
18.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
19.
ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献