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浅谈甘薯综合开发利用 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
浅谈甘薯综合开发利用杨立明，陈赐民（福建省龙岩地区农科所３６４０００）甘薯是高产稳产，营养丰富，用途广泛的作物。我国甘薯常年种植面积在６．６×１０￣７ｈａ以上，仅次于水稻、小麦和玉米，占世界甘薯面积的８０％以上。过去甘薯主要用作粮食，随着工农业生产的... 相似文献
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通过根癌农杆菌介导获得甘薯转基因植株ＭａｒｉａＩ．Ｃ．Ｓ．Ｇａｍａ等著郭小丁伍欣译甘薯在世界许多地区都是一种重要的作物,特别是在中国、印度尼西亚、韩国和巴布亚新几内亚,它是主要的作物。另外,它也是一种能源,可作为燃料生产（甲烷和乙醇）的原材料。因为甘... 相似文献
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以生物燃料代替部分汽油,从理论到实践,至今约半个世纪。气候条件适合的地区,第一代燃料乙醇已有成功的经验,如巴西的甘蔗乙醇,但也有不少地区引发了"粮食(谷物、糖等)对抗燃料"的意见。从而主攻方向转为第二代纤维质乙醇。通过本世纪的科研实践,难题不少;话题可能是"植物与燃料的对抗",下面简述。1第一代生物燃料(粮—发酵—乙醇)的发展世界第一个用甘蔗为原料生产燃料乙醇计划,于1975年在巴西建立。随后美国也在1978年开始以 相似文献
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利用微生物及其酶技术，提取茎纤维和发酵燃料乙醇是解决环境污染严重与能源短缺的有效途径之一。本文通过对茎纤维生物提取和发酵燃料乙醇的国内外研究现状和最新进展进行综述，针对茎纤维生物提取和发酵燃料乙醇研究的问题，提出了积极引进国外先进技术；建立规范化的生物脱胶示范工厂。开展生物脱胶精干麻的梳纺工艺技术研究和低木质素和高纤维素能源品种的选育及其高效生产技术研究等建议。 相似文献
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甜高粱——大有发展前途的作物 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
甜高粱为普通高粱的一个变种，它具生物产量高，茎秆多糖多汁，抗逆性强，适应性广等多种优越性，并具有广泛的用途，它作为一种优良的粮食，饲料，糖料和能源作物已被国内外研究广泛证实，甜高粱是一种大有发展前途的作物，它将会成我国乃至世界各国经济的发展起到积极的促进作用。 相似文献
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我国甘薯加工利用的现状概述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
我国甘薯加工利用的现状概述陈信波，戴晓阳（湖南农业大学长沙４１０１２８）甘薯是一种产量高、风味好、营养价值高的农作物。我国常年种植面积约５００多万公顷，总产约８０００万ｔ，均居世界首位，在我国粮食生产中居第四位。甘薯既是重要的粮食作物，又是良好的饲料... 相似文献
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甜高粱作为新兴的糖料、饲料和能源作物越来越受到人们的重视,引起一些国家政府和国际组织的关注。在世界能源紧张的情况下,生物质能源的研究与开发日益紧迫。甜高粱作为生物质能源作物无疑显示了诱人的前景。甜高粱茎秆中的糖经生物发酵转化为乙醇,乙醇混合到汽油中成为燃料。已有的生物质能源研究表明, 相似文献
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利用微生物及其酶技术,提取茎纤维和发酵燃料乙醇是解决环境污染严重与能源短缺的有效途径之一.本文通过对茎纤维生物提取和发酵燃料乙醇的国内外研究现状和最新进展进行综述,针对茎纤维生物提取和发酵燃料乙醇研究的问题,提出了积极引进国外先进技术;建立规范化的生物脱胶示范工厂,开展生物脱胶精干麻的梳纺工艺技术研究和低木质素和高纤维素能源品种的选育及其高效生产技术研究等建议. 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献