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1.
本文旨在研究5种等氮等能饲料中,维生素A添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannameiBoone)生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫反应的影响。试验选用平均初始体重为(0.069±0.005)g的凡纳滨对虾450尾,随机分为5个处理组,每组90尾,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾。试验采用单因素设计,以维生素A醋酸酯为维生素A源,用添加不同水平维生素A(添加量分别为0、18、365、4和72 mg/kg)的饲料喂养凡纳滨对虾,试验期11周。结果表明:在养殖前4周,饲料中添加维生素A显著促进凡纳滨对虾的生长(P<0.05),提高其对饲料利用效率(P<0.05),而对对虾的成活率不产生显著的影响(P>0.05);第11周的结果表明,饲料中添加维生素A并不能显著影响凡纳滨对虾的生长、饲料利用效率和成活率(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾体脂肪、蛋白质含量的影响显著(P<0.05),对对虾体水分和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血液红细胞数量的影响显著(P<0.05),饲料中未添加维生素A或过量添加(超过36 mg/kg)均导致血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血细胞总数显著下降(P<0.0 5),而对血清超氧化物歧化酶活力无显著影响(P>0.0 5)。用折线回归模型分析饲料维生素A添加量与对虾增重率的变化关系,表明在试验前4周,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A的适宜添加量为2 2.5 0 mg/kg;1 1周试验期间,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A适宜添加量为1 8 mg/kg;以溶菌酶、酚氧化酶活力为指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A最适添加量为5 9.5 1 mg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
本文旨在研究低盐度下饲料蛋白质和维生素B6水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、成活和肌肉中转氨酶活力的影响.根据凡纳滨对虾的营养需求,以不含维生素的酪蛋白为蛋白质源,配制成蛋白质水平为25.5%和40.8%的2种等能基础饲料,在基础饲料中分别添加0和200 mg/kg的维生素B6配制成4种试验饲料.试验选用480尾平均体重为(0.014 4±0.004 7)g的凡纳滨对虾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾.试验期间盐度为3‰,试验期30 d.结果表明,饲料中添加200 mg/kg的维生素B6可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾的增重率、成活率、肥满度及谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力(P<0.05);虽然25.5%和40.8%的饲料蛋白质水平对凡纳滨对虾增重率、肥满度及谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力均无显著影响(P>0.05),但40.8%蛋白质组对虾的成活率显著高于25.5%蛋白质组(P<0.05).双因素方差分析结果显示,饲料中维生索B6和蛋白质对低盐度下凡纳滨对虾各项测定指标均无显著交互作用(P>0.05).结果提示,配制饲料时应同时满足凡纳滨对虾对蛋白质和维生素B6的营养需要量,期望只满足或提高其中的一种而节约另外一种营养素以获得凡纳滨对虾的最佳生长和成活率的方式是不可行的.  相似文献   

3.
以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾[对虾初始平均体重为(2.03±0.01)g]为研究对象,探讨饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.3755,简称B.S.3755)对其生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响。向基础饲料中分别添加06、00和1 200 mg/kg的B.S.3755,另外,以植物蛋白替代基础饲料中3.5%鱼粉蛋白配制低鱼粉饲料,并向低鱼粉饲料中分别添加600和1 200 mg/kg的B.S.3755,共配制成5种等氮、等能的饲料,投喂期为8周。实验结果表明:各实验组对虾成活率在90%以上,且差异不显著(P>0.05);添加B.S.3755的高鱼粉饲料组,对虾的增重率显著高于基础饲料组,饲料系数显著低于基础饲料组(P<0.05),其中600 mg/kg B.S.3755添加组的凡纳滨对虾增重率最高,饲料系数最低。凡纳滨对虾的增重率和饲料系数在添加600和1 200 mg/kg B.S.3755的低鱼粉饲料组与基础饲料组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中添加B.S.3755可显著提高凡纳滨对虾血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和酚氧化物酶(PO...  相似文献   

4.
本研究旨在研究β-1,3-葡聚糖对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、体成分和生化指标的影响.选用640尾初体重为(0.43±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复40尾.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲料,Ⅱ、Ⅲ,Ⅳ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加250、500、1 000 mg/kg β-1,3-葡聚糖的饲料,试验期为12周.结果显示,随着β-1,3-葡聚糖添加量的增加,凡纳滨对虾末重、增重率、特定生长率均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,并均在Ⅱ组达到最高.与对照组相比,Ⅲ组的肝胰腺蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的肝胰腺淀粉酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅱ组的血清总蛋白、胆同醇、甘油三酯和肝胰腺糖原含量显著升高(P<0.05).肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性以及血清葡萄糖、肌肉糖原、胆固醇、甘油三酯含量各组间无显著差异(P>0.05).与对照组相比,Ⅳ组的血清过氧化氧酶和溶菌酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著升高(P<0.05).血清超氧化物歧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性在各组间无显著差异(P>0.05).添加β-1,3-葡聚糖对凡纳滨对虾全虾水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和灰分含量没有显著影响(P>0.05).由此得出:1)在饲料中长期添加250 mg/kg β-1,3-葡聚糖能够提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,促进营养物质代谢;2)在饲料中长期添加500或1 000 mg/kg β-1,3-葡聚糖能够增强几纳滨对虾的非特异性免疫功能.  相似文献   

5.
试验以(0.79±0.019)g左右的凡纳滨对虾为试验对象,在其纯化日粮中分别添加0、100、150、200、250、300、350、400mg/kg的还原型谷胱甘肽,放养在室外大棚水族箱(内径80.0cm、水深55.0cm)中进行8周的饲养试验,观察谷胱甘肽(GSH)对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活率及饵料系数的影响。结果表明,在日粮中添加200mg/kg的GSH,凡纳滨对虾的生长效果最好。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究桑叶黄酮对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道黏膜形态和肠道菌群的影响。选用初始体重为(1.32±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾800尾,随机分为5组(每组4个重复,每个重复40尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0、50、100、150和300 mg/kg桑叶黄酮的试验饲料。饲养周期为50 d。结果显示:1)饲料中添加桑叶黄酮可促进凡纳滨对虾肠道肠绒毛发育,增加肌层厚度,添加100 mg/kg桑叶黄酮组绒毛高度最高且显著高于其他组(P<0.05),添加50 mg/kg桑叶黄酮组肌层厚度最高且显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。2)饲料中添加桑叶黄酮可增加凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群多样性,添加50 mg/kg桑叶黄酮组Shannon指数显著高于未添加组(P<0.05),Simpson指数显著低于未添加组(P<0.05)。3)与未添加组相比,添加100和150 mg/kg桑叶黄酮组弧菌属(Vibrio)与添加50、100和150 mg/kg桑叶黄酮组希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),各桑叶黄酮添加组红球菌属(Rhodococcus)与添加100、150和300 mg/kg桑叶黄酮组乳球菌属(Lactococcus)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加50 mg/kg桑叶黄酮可促进凡纳滨对虾肠道发育,增加肠道菌群多样性。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究铬对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清生化指标及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响。试验配制7种等氮等能饲料,其铬(吡啶甲酸铬形式)添加水平分别为0、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0和5.0 mg/kg。选择初始体重为(0.310±0.001)g的凡纳滨对虾虾苗840尾,随机分配到21个0.38 m3的玻璃纤维钢桶中,每桶40尾虾,每3桶饲喂1种饲料。试验期为56 d。结果表明:以1.6 mg/kg组增重率和特定生长率最高,饲料系数最低,显著高于或低于0、0.4和5.0 mg/kg组(P<0.05),与1.2 mg/kg组差异不显著(P>0.05)。蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率均以2.0 mg/kg组最高,但与1.6 mg/kg组差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾全虾水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P<0.05),但对全虾粗蛋白质含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。凡纳滨对虾血清总蛋白、葡萄糖和总胆固醇含量分别在铬添加水平为5.0 mg/kg、1.2～1.6 mg/kg、0.4 mg/kg时显著升高(P<0.05)。血清碱性磷酸酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、酚氧化物酶活性均以1.6 mg/kg组为最高,血清谷草转氨酶活性以1.2 mg/kg组为最高,血清谷丙转氨酶活性以2.0 mg/kg组为最高,并均显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。饲料铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾血清甘油三酯含量和酸性磷酸酶活性未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑生长性能、血清生化指标以及非特异性免疫酶活性,对于0.31～8.50 g的凡纳滨对虾,在饲料中以吡啶甲酸铬形式添加1.2～1.6 mg/kg的铬为宜。  相似文献   

8.
为研究饲料中添加大豆异黄酮对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成及抗氧化能力的影响，以鱼粉、豆粕和花生饼为蛋白源，液体磷脂和鱼油为脂肪源，配制粗蛋白44%、粗脂肪8%的基础饲料，并在基础饲料中分别添加0 mg/kg(V1)、200 mg/kg(V2)和400 mg/kg(V3)的大豆异黄酮。3种实验饲料分别投喂初始体重0.78±0.01g的凡纳滨对虾8周。结果显示大豆异黄酮对凡纳滨对虾成活率和生长性能均未造成显著影响（P>0.05）。400 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组（V3）体组织灰分含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。凡纳滨对虾血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随饲料大豆异黄酮的添加而升高，且V3组显著高于V1和V2组（P<0.05）。对虾肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性先升高后降低，V2组测得最高的肝胰脏SOD水平（P<0.05）。随大豆异黄酮添加，对虾肝胰腺丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐降低，V2和V3组均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。本实验结果表明，饲料中添加一定含量的大豆异黄酮具有改善凡纳滨对虾抗氧化能力的作用。  相似文献   

9.
通过2组试验分别研究饲料中胆固醇和卵磷脂水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)蜕壳间期及添加表面活性素对凡纳滨对虾蜕壳间期和肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响。试验一:将100尾均重为(0.61±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾随机分为10组(每组10个重复,每个重复1尾虾),即饲喂基础饲料的对照组以及饲喂分别添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%胆固醇与1.0%、2.0%和3.0%卵磷脂的试验饲料的9个试验组,试验期为35 d,研究饲料中胆固醇和卵磷脂水平对凡纳滨对虾蜕壳间期的影响。试验二:将90尾均重为(0.48±0.03)g的凡纳滨对虾随机分为6组(每组15个重复,每个重复1尾虾),对照组饲喂试验一中胆固醇和卵磷脂水平分别为0.4%和2.0%的试验饲料,5个表面活性素添加组分别饲喂在对照组饲料基础上添加10、20、40、80和160 mg/kg表面活性素的试验饲料,研究饲料中添加表面活性素对凡纳滨对虾蜕壳间期及肝胰腺抗氧化能力的影响,试验期为28 d。结果表明:饲料中胆固醇水平显著影响凡纳滨对虾蜕壳间期(P0.05),卵磷脂水平对蜕壳间期的影响不显著(P0.05);饲料中胆固醇和卵磷脂水平对蜕壳间期的影响存在显著的交互作用(P0.05)。胆固醇和卵磷脂水平分别为0.4%和1.0%组、胆固醇和卵磷脂水平分别为0.4%和2.0%组以及胆固醇和卵磷脂水平分别为0.6%和2.0%组的蜕壳间期显著短于其他组(P0.05),其中胆固醇和卵磷脂水平分别为0.4%和2.0%组蜕壳间期最短。与对照组相比,仅10 mg/kg表面活性素添加组凡纳滨对虾蜕壳间期显著缩短(P0.05),肝胰腺总抗氧化能力显著提高(P0.05);各表面活性素添加组的肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶活性均较对照组显著上升(P0.05);与对照组相比,10和20 mg/kg表面活性素添加组的肝胰腺过氧化氢酶活性升高(P0.05),其他表面活性素添加组则显著降低(P0.05);除10 mg/kg表面活性素添加组外,各表面活性素添加组的肝胰腺谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均较对照组显著上升(P0.05);仅10和20 mg/kg表面活性素添加组的肝胰腺丙二醛水平较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。由此得出,本试验条件下,饲料中胆固醇水平及其与卵磷脂水平的交互作用显著影响凡纳滨对虾蜕壳间期,胆固醇和卵磷脂水平分别为0.4%和2.0%时蜕壳间期最短;在胆固醇和卵磷脂水平分别为0.4%和2.0%的饲料中添加10 mg/kg表面活性素可缩短凡纳滨对虾的蜕壳间期,提高肝胰腺抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在研究在饲料中联合添加β-葡聚糖(βG)与硒(Se)、维生素E对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)组织生化指标及免疫、抗氧化相关酶mRNA表达的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加不同水平的βG、Se(蛋氨酸硒形式)和维生素E(维生素E醋酸酯形式),配制成5种试验饲料,其组合及添加量分别为0、300 mg/kgβG、300 mg/kgβG+0.2 mg/kg Se、300 mg/kgβG+100 mg/kg维生素E、300 mg/kgβG+0.2 mg/kg Se+100 mg/kg维生素E,并分别记作G0、G1、G2、G3和G4。选取初始体质量为(0.83±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾800尾,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复40尾虾,分别投喂1种试验饲料。养殖周期为5周。结果表明:与G0组相比,G1、G4组的血清总蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05),G4组的血清尿酸含量和谷丙转氨酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)。血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量与谷草转氨酶活性以及肝胰腺总蛋白含量与谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。肝胰腺酚氧化酶原mRNA相对表达量,G4组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),G2组显著高于G1组(P<0.05)。与G0组相比,G1、G2、G3和G4组肝胰腺溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量无显著差异(P>0.05);与G1组相比,G2、G3和G4组肝胰腺溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量均有所降低,且G4组达到显著降低(P<0.05)。肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶mRNA相对表达量以G2组为最高,显著高于G3组(P<0.05)。G4组的肝胰腺谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶mRNA相对表达量最高,与G2组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于G0、G1和G3组(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中βG与Se二者联合添加能一定程度地提高凡纳滨对虾的免疫防御功能,可作为凡纳滨对虾的复合免疫增强剂。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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