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1.
为了探讨肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因的多态性对高坡猪肉质性状（水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、眼肌面积、大理石纹、pH、肉色、嫩度、滴水损失、失水率）的影响,试验以MSTN基因作为肉质性状候选基因,以10月龄的50头高坡猪为研究对象,采用PCR扩增产物直接测序的方法对高坡猪MSTN基因3个外显子的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行研究,运用SPSS 20.0软件分析MSTN基因SNP与肉质性状的关联性。结果表明,仅在高坡猪MSTN基因第3外显子63 bp处检测到1个C/T突变位点,该突变为同义突变,未引起编码氨基酸的改变。基因型分析发现,仅有3个个体在该位点发生突变,CC基因型为优势基因型,C为优势等位基因,无TT纯合基因型。经χ2适合性检验分析,该SNP在研究群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）。群体遗传参数分析发现,C63T标记位点的杂合度（He）相对较低,表明其在高坡猪群体中的变异较小;就多态信息含量（PIC）而言,该位点属于低度多态（PIC<0.25）,说明该遗传标记能够提供少量的遗传信息。将该位点的不同基因型与肉质性状指标进行关联分析表明,所有肉质性状指标在不同基因型间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,MSTN基因外显子在高坡猪中存在多态性,但变异较少,相对保守,能否作为高坡猪肉质性状的遗传标记有待于扩大样本数量进一步研究。  相似文献   

2.
本研究旨在探讨肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因多态性及其与赤水乌骨鸡肉质的关联性。采用DNA池、PCR产物直接测序方法对赤水乌骨鸡MSTN基因的外显子进行多态性检测,结果发现,在赤水乌骨鸡MSTN基因的外显子1中检测到1个SNP位点C324T,表现为3种基因型,分别命名为CC、CT和TT,而在MSTN基因外显子2、3上没有发现多态位点。对基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,CT基因型胸肌、腿肌pH均显著高于CC和TT基因型（P<0.05）,CT基因型剪切力显著高于TT基因型（P<0.05）,其他肉质性状在不同基因型间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。此结果提示,MSTN基因对赤水乌骨鸡pH和剪切力具有较大的遗传效应,初步推断 MSTN是控制这一性状的众多基因之一,且可能是影响赤水乌骨鸡pH和剪切力的一个主效基因或与主效基因相连锁,可作为选育赤水乌骨鸡pH和剪切力的分子标记,用于标记辅助选择意义重大。  相似文献   

3.
为分析甘肃西门塔尔牛高台类群MSTN基因的遗传多态性、变异特征及MSTN基因的基础数据。采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了62头高台西门塔尔牛MSTN基因的多态性,对群体内各等位基因进行了克隆,得到西门塔尔牛MSTN基因的完整CDS区序列及部分5'端和3'端UTR区,并进行了相关生物信息学分析。高台西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1和3外显子只发现一种纯合基因型,第2外显子发现一种杂合基因型。序列分析结果表明,高台西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第2外显子在41bp处发生了C→T的突变,第1和3外显子无突变。生物信息学分析表明,西门塔尔牛MSTN基因CDS区全长1128bp,编码375个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,分子量约为42.5kD,理论等电点为6.14;二级结构是以β-转角和无规卷曲为主。西门塔尔牛MSTN与牦牛、绵羊等物种之间存在较高的同源性。统计结果表明,甘肃西门塔尔牛高台类群MSTN基因未发现有多态,对MSTN生物信息学的分析表明,甘肃西门塔尔牛高台类群MSTN是一个由375个氨基酸残基构成的不稳定的可溶酸性蛋白质,二级结构预测为一个混合型蛋白。本研究结果为进一步研究甘肃西门塔尔牛高台类群MSTN基因的遗传特性和生理机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
为了寻找与边鸡生长性状和繁殖性状相关的遗传标记,本试验采用PCR-RFLP技术检测边鸡类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ受体（insulin-like growth factor Ⅰreceptor,IGF-ⅠR）基因Alu Ⅰ位点的多态性,并分析该多态位点对边鸡生长性状和繁殖性状的遗传效应。结果显示,边鸡IGF-ⅠR基因Alu Ⅰ位点存在多态性,在外显子2的376 bp处有1个G→A突变,产生了GG、GA和AA 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.687、0.296和0.017,GG为优势基因型;G等位基因频率为0.835,为优势等位基因。卡方适合性检验结果表明,该基因座位在边鸡群体中处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态（P>0.05）。相关分析结果表明,在8、14、16和18周龄时,GG基因型个体的体重显著高于GA基因型（P<0.05）,GG基因型个体的开产体重极显著高于GA基因型个体（P<0.01）,但并不能说明该位点可以作为影响边鸡繁殖性状的遗传标记。IGF-ⅠR基因外显子2的Alu Ⅰ位点（G→A）可能是影响边鸡生长性状的一个遗传标记。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]为分析金昌地区西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因三个外显子的遗传多态性及变异特征。[方法]采用 PCR-SSCP 方法检测了61头西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因三个外显子的多态性。[结果]显示：金昌西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因的第1外显子存在 A、B 两个等位基因以及AA、AB 两种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.7705和0.2295;第2外显子存在 A、B 两个等位基因以及 AA、AB、BB 三种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.0328、0.3443和0.6229;第3外显子只有 AA 一种基因型。序列分析表明,金昌地区的西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因第1外显子在269bp 发生了 A→G 的突变和第2外显子在41bp 发生了 C→T 的突变,但都未导致氨基酸发生改变,属于同义突变;外显子3并未检测到突变。[结论]统计结果表明,金昌地区的西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因第1外显子呈低度多态,第2外显子呈中度多态。  相似文献   

6.
本研究旨在探讨牦牛细胞质苹果酸脱氢酶（cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase,MDHⅠ）基因的遗传多态性及其与生长性状的关联性,以期为牦牛优良性状选育提供参考依据。选取5个牦牛类群（共178头）,采集耳组织样提取DNA并构建DNA池,对MDHⅠ基因所有外显子设计特异性引物进行扩增测序,用Mega 5.2筛查SNPs位点,直接测序法鉴定其基因型,利用PopGene 32进行χ2独立性检测、基因纯合度（Ho）、基因杂合度（He）、有效等位基因频率（Ne）和多态信息含量（PIC）分析,利用SPSS 24.0分析MDHⅠ基因与牦牛生长性状间的关联性。结果表明,申扎牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、斯布牦牛、帕里牦牛和麦洼牦牛均在外显子8区域发现1个突变位点（G23093C）,属同义突变,有3种基因型：GC、CC和GG,5个牦牛类群中,GC基因型为优势基因型（类乌齐牦牛中GG为优势基因型）,G为优势等位基因（斯布牦牛除外）,在斯布牦牛中,G和C基因频率相等。χ2适应性检验表明,申扎牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、斯布牦牛、帕里牦牛和麦洼牦牛均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。MDHⅠ基因在申扎牦牛、帕里牦牛和斯布牦牛中属于高度多态（PIC>0.5）,在麦洼牦牛和类乌齐牦牛中属于中度多态（0.25 < PIC < 0.5）;纯合度最高的是申扎牦牛和类乌齐牦牛。关联性分析结果表明,MDHⅠ基因不同基因型对类乌齐牦牛、帕里牦牛和麦洼牦牛体重有显著性影响（P<0.05）;且种间分析发现,MDHⅠ基因不同基因型对牦牛体重有显著性影响（P<0.05）,说明该基因可作为人工选育的分子标记。  相似文献   

7.
为分析肉牛MSTN基因的遗传多态性及变异特征,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了60头甘肃武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因的多态性,对群体内各等位基因进行了克隆测序。结果显示：武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、AB两种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.9167、0.0833;第2外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、BB、AB三种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.5、0.25、0.25。序列分析表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN第1外显子在269 bp发生了A→G的突变,第2外显子在41 bp发生了C→T的突变,二者均属于同义突变。统计结果表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子呈低度多态,第2外显子呈中度多态,外显子3没有发生突变。  相似文献   

8.
本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了2个不同高邮鸭群体和1个绍鸭群体肌肉生长抑制素基因(Myostatin,MSTN)外显子3的单核苷酸多态性,并与腹脂率进行关联性分析。结果表明,在MSTN基因外显子3的第2701bp处检测到G→A的同义突变。在3个鸭群中,均检测到3种基因型(AA、BB和AB基因型),且都以B等位基因为优势等位基因。最小二乘法分析结果表明,不同基因型对高邮鸭群的腹脂率有显著影响;BB型高邮鸭腹脂率显著高于AB型和AA型(P<0.05)。新组建闭锁群BB基因型频率低于原闭锁群,但未达到显著水平。就外显子3而言,MSTN基因作为影响腹脂率的候选基因有待于进一步的研究。  相似文献   

9.
采用PCR-RFLP技术检测连续2个世代边鸡群体肌肉生长抑制素基因外显子1的多态性,分析了多态位点对边鸡生长性状的遗传效应。结果表明,边鸡MSTN基因的C.234位点存在多态性,在外显子1编码区的234bp处发生G→A的碱基突变,产生了GG、GA和AA 3种基因型。关联分析表明,无论是一世代还是二世代的边鸡群体,在6~16周龄时,AA和GA基因型边鸡的体质量均显著或极显著的高于GG基因型（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结果提示,MSTN基因外显子1的C.234位点突变对边鸡的生长性状具有显著的遗传效应,初步推断该位点可用于边鸡生长性状的标记辅助选择。  相似文献   

10.
牛肌肉生长抑制素（Myostatin,MSTN）主要是骨骼肌生长发育的负调节因子,能够限制肌纤维的增粗增大,其前两个外显子共同编码N-端前肽,第三外显子编码C-端多肽。突变其前肽编码序列会阻止牛MSTN基因表达蛋白与相应受体的结合,导致MSTN功能失活,促进肌肉增值,但具体突变位点仍未确定。本研究设计特定的引物对牛MSTN基因编码区进行PCR扩增并进行了克隆及测序,并假定牛MSTN基因编码序列发生E1-224-A〉C点突变,通过生物信息学的方法,对牛MSTN基因突变前后编码产物的理化性质、结构与功能进行了对比分析,为MSTN基因结构与功能的研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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