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1.
直接荧光抗体法检测禽波氏杆菌   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
制备了兔抗禽波氏杆菌特异性荧光抗体并建立了直接荧光抗体检测方法 ,对禽波氏杆菌在人工感染雏鸡内的致病机理作了初步研究。结果 ,该荧光抗体只与其相应菌株发生特异性荧光反应 ,而不与其他病原菌株发生反应。对人工感染发病雏鸡的检测结果表明 ,禽波氏杆菌主要定植于上呼吸道黏膜 ,并造成损害。该技术具有简便、快速、敏感和特异性强等优点  相似文献   

2.
为掌握浙江省宁波市大黄鱼细菌性病原的流行种类及其耐药性,2021年在宁波市大黄鱼主要养殖区域,现场采集临床发病或濒临死亡的个体进行病原菌分离鉴定。同时,对分离到的病原菌进行最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定,比较各药物对菌株的MIC中位值（MIC50）。结果显示：从采集的93尾大黄鱼中,共分离到25株细菌。其中,1—5月分离到8株杀香鱼假单胞菌,5—8月分离到10株弧菌（溶藻弧菌和哈维氏弧菌各4株,副溶血弧菌2株）,8—10月分离到5株鰤鱼诺卡氏菌,此外5月还分离到2株美人鱼发光杆菌。分离到的病原菌普遍对盐酸多西环素和氟甲喹敏感,尤其是盐酸多西环素,5种菌株的MIC50均小于0.06 mg/L;两种磺胺类药物对病原菌的MIC50较往年有明显下降趋势（杀香鱼假单胞菌除外）,而两种酰胺醇类药物的抑菌效果一般;不同时间、不同地区分离到的同种细菌,其耐药性并不完全一致。结果表明,不同菌株对药物的感受性存在差异化,因此在药物选择及剂量上应参考药敏试验结果,不可盲目用药。该结论将为养殖过程中某阶段特定细菌性病害防控提供参考,同时也为规范、精准使用渔用抗菌药提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

3.
《中国兽医学报》2016,(7):1145-1150
2015年6月,河北省秦皇岛市某养殖场半滑舌鳎发生以腹水、烂尾、内脏器官肿大、出血与坏死为特征的疾病。从自然发病的半滑舌鳎肝脏与肾脏中分离到1株细菌,通过细菌形态观察、培养特性、生化特性分析、动物试验和16SrRNA基因序列分析等方法,对该病原菌进行了分析鉴定。结果显示:致病菌株为革兰阴性杆菌,培养特性、生化特性分析与荧光假单胞菌较接近,以16SrRNA基因为遗传标记构建系统发育树,致病菌菌株与荧光假单胞菌菌株相似性为99%。结果表明:本次引起半滑舌鳎腹水烂尾病的病原菌为荧光假单胞菌。对分离到的菌株进行了常用抗药物的药敏试验,该菌对氧氟沙星、氨曲南、红霉素等药物高度敏感,对利福平、妥布霉素等药物中度敏感,对卡那霉素、新霉素不敏感。组织病理学观察发现,荧光假单胞菌感染半滑舌鳎对多个组织器官都造成明显的病理损伤,尤其是肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠及脑的损伤较为严重,表现为明显的淤血、出血,变性、坏死及炎症细胞浸润。  相似文献   

4.
柠檬酸对三种常见水产病原菌的抑菌作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
选用嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、荧光假单胞菌3种常见水产病原菌,用于测定柠檬酸的抑菌效果及最小抑菌浓度,并研究了柠檬酸抑菌作用的持续性。其中荧光假单胞菌为革兰氏阴性菌。试验结果表明,柠檬酸对3种菌都有不同程度的抑菌作用,并得到最小抑菌浓度,依次是:0.0011g/ml,0.0008g/ml,0.00125g/ml;在最小浓度下抑菌作用可达6d之久,可见柠檬酸抑菌效果有较好的持续性。  相似文献   

5.
正副溶血弧菌最早是由FUJINO等~([1])在1950年从日本发生的一次暴发性食物中毒中发现,并成功分离得到的一种菌。该菌是一种嗜盐性细菌,隶属于弧菌科中的弧菌属,是一种人畜共患病菌。近年来,随着海水养殖业的发展,副溶血弧菌已经成为海水鱼类的主要病原菌之一。李清禄等~([2])从1997  相似文献   

6.
应用间接荧光抗体法检测鱼类嗜水气单胞菌的试验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
作者制备了鱼类嗜水气单胞菌（AH）－77株兔抗血清,建立了应用间接荧光抗体试验（IFA）检测鱼类嗜水气单胞菌病原的方法。该法能有效地检测人工感染鳟鱼体内的嗜水气单胞菌病原体,对杀鲑气单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、爱德华氏菌不发生交叉反应。整个过程可在2．5h内完成,是一种有前途的鱼类嗜水气单胞菌快速诊断方法。  相似文献   

7.
为研究南太湖沉积物中可培养放线菌,并筛选具高抗水产病原菌的活性菌株,通过分离培养基分离纯化放线菌,通过形态学特征观察、16S r RNA基因序列比对和系统发育分析对南太湖沉积物中可培养放线菌进行分类鉴定,采用琼脂块法和牛津杯法测试分离菌株及其2种发酵液对3种水产病原菌荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）、嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）、维氏气单胞菌（Aeromonas veronii）的拮抗作用。从南太湖沉积物中共分离得到160株放线菌菌株,隶属于6个目、9个科和12个属,除优势菌群链霉菌（Streptomyces）外,还分离到小单孢菌属（Micromonospora）、诺卡氏菌属（Nocardia）、北里孢菌属（Kitasatospora）和壤霉菌属（Agromyces）等,通过优良拮抗放线菌初筛,26株放线菌对至少一种水产病原菌具有抑菌活性,通过对初筛有抑菌活性的菌株进行优良拮抗放线菌复筛,9株放线菌对水产病原菌仍具有抑制活性,其中菌株Spr-T-4-14发酵液对3种病原菌具抑菌活性,为后续进一步研究其活性次级代谢产物提供了依据。  相似文献   

8.
生物防治已经成为目前植物病害防治研究的热点之一.荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluo-rescens)是一类重要的植物根际促生菌(PGPR),其主要作用是抑制病原菌,促进植物生长.本文综述了荧光假单胞菌的分离鉴定方法、生防机制,及其解磷菌株、解钾菌株的应用现状和酚酸类物质对荧光假单胞菌的化感效应.荧光假单胞菌可以通过产生抗生素、水解酶和诱导系统抗性,提高植物抗病性;通过产生铁载体、解钾菌和解磷菌,促进寄主植物对环境中不溶性铁、钾、磷元素的吸收和利用,这在农业生产方面具有巨大的应用价值.除此之外,利用生物技术筛选培育荧光假单胞菌高效菌株,优化其生物及化学调控技术和应用技术,利用高通量测序等技术,开展该菌株与土壤病原微生物、植物根系分泌物互作关系的理论研究,是该领域未来的重要研究方向.  相似文献   

9.
病因 此病病因较复杂，在病蛙中己分离到数种病毒，其中包括嗜水气单胞菌、点状胞菌、减产菌、荧光假单胞菌以及变形菌等，以嗜水气单胞菌为主要病原菌。  相似文献   

10.
为制备抗柱状黄杆菌多克隆抗体,本研究利用颗粒性抗原免疫新西兰白兔,收集的抗血清通过辛酸-硫酸铵法纯化,采用间接ELISA法检测纯化后多克隆抗体的效价和交叉反应性。结果显示,制备的多克隆抗体蛋白质浓度为29.28 mg/mL,效价在1:6.4×104以上,与迟钝爱德华氏菌、大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌及哈维氏弧菌等水生动物致病菌均无交叉反应。本研究成功建立了抗柱状黄杆菌多克隆抗体的制备方法,可用于柱状黄杆菌的快速检测。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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