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为扩大甘蓝型油菜保持系与恢复系间的遗传差异,以波里马细胞质雄性不育系的白菜型亲本保持系Ageva、甘蓝型亲本保持系105B及相应不育系105A、8个新型甘蓝型保持系B1~B8(105B×Ageva的种间杂种回交后代)及相应不育系A1~A8、4个甘蓝型恢复系R1~R4为材料,利用分子标记分析保持系与恢复系材料间的遗传差异,用R1~R4与甘蓝型保持系进行NCⅡ双列杂交,测定其杂种表现,并对甘蓝型保持系相应不育系进行花瓣张开度和结实性调查。结果表明:保持系B1、B2、B3、B4、B5和B8与恢复系R1~R4的遗传距离均大于105B与这些恢复系的遗传距离;新型甘蓝型保持系与恢复系所配组合中,有22个组合(占总组合数的68.8%)的单株产量均高于甘蓝型亲本保持系105B与恢复系R1~R4所配杂交组合的单株产量。新型不育系A1、A3的花瓣张开度和结实性与105A接近,存在花瓣张开度大、结实性较好的新不育系材料。结论认为,导入白菜型油菜遗传成分的新甘蓝型油菜保持系应用潜力大,表现在保持系和恢复系的遗传差异大,所配组合产量高,所对应的不育系结实性好。 相似文献
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选用稻瘟病抗源外选35及其衍生系统持久抗性品种三黄占2号、三芦占7号、梅三五2号及其衍生品种矮三芦占、七黄占2号、七袋占分别与野败型不育系博A、优ⅠA、Ⅱ优A、红莲型不育系广A配制共28个组合。以IR36为抗性对照,广陆矮4号为感病对照,对杂交组合及其不育系（保持系）和抗性品种进行了人工接种稻瘟病菌抗谱测定,数量抗性测定和不同病区田间异地同步抗性鉴定。抗性分析和比较结果表明：具持久抗性品种三黄占2号、三芦占7号配制的杂交组合表现了与持久抗性品种相同的表型特征,即表现较高的质量抗性和数量抗性, 较好的田间抗性。初步认为：三黄占2号和三芦占7号的持久抗性能导入三系杂交稻组合中。 相似文献
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杂交早稻亲本遗传差异及其与杂种优势的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以４个不育系、７个恢复系及其配制的２８个杂交早稻组合为材料,根据８个农艺性状进行主成分和聚类分析,研究了杂交早稻亲本间的遗传差异状况及其与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,１１个亲本间的平均遗传距离为５．９２６８,最大为１９．２５２７,最小为０．３４８９;不育系内和恢复系内各亲本之间存在一定的遗传差异,且保持系内的遗传差异显著大于恢复系内的遗传差异,但两者与保持系与恢复系间的遗传差异没有明显的不同。相关分析表明,亲本间的遗传距离与杂种优势及杂种产量关系不密切。 相似文献
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亲本抗瘟性对杂交水稻组合抗瘟性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用6个三系不育系与4个抗瘟性不同的恢复系按不完全双列杂交设计配制24个杂交稻组合,对其进行病圃穗颈瘟鉴定,并用60个来自四川和重庆主栽品种的稻瘟病菌ZA、ZB群菌株进行抗谱测定。结果表明,杂交稻组合的抗瘟性与其相应恢复系的抗瘟性密切相关,恢复系的抗瘟性越强,其所配杂交稻组合的抗瘟性也越强。不育系的抗瘟性差异对杂交稻组合的抗瘟性有一定影响,说明杂交稻组合的抗瘟性受恢复系和不育系抗瘟性的共同影响。由于目前生产上使用的主要不育系都感稻瘟病,杂交稻组合的抗瘟性主要受恢复系的抗瘟性影响。因此,目前为提高杂交稻抗瘟性,育种上应以提高恢复系抗瘟性为重点。同时,利用恢复系抗瘟性的变化动态可以间接监测杂交稻组合的抗瘟性变化动态。 相似文献
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《福建稻麦科技》2014,(1)
正2013年12月27日,由福建省农业科学院邀请有关专家,对水稻研究所所承担的"优质光温敏核不育系选育及两系杂交稻组合选配"等5个2011年省属公益类科研专项进行评审验收。"优质光温敏核不育系选育及两系杂交稻组合选配"、"三系杂交稻亲本的分子遗传改良与强优组合的选育"、"优质、抗稻瘟病水稻不育系繁源A强优势组合的配制与利用"、"水稻区试数字化平台建设及在育种上的应用"等项目共育成3个品种通过省级审定,育成2个优质水稻不育系,改良育成1个抗稻瘟病恢复系,配制了30多个品种参加省级各级区域试验,建立了水稻研究所水稻苗头品种所区域试验平台。"杂交水稻制种母本机插技术研究" 相似文献
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华南杂交水稻新组合稻瘟病抗性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《杂交水稻》2016,(6):52-58
通过病圃田间抗性鉴定和苗期室内抗谱测定,对来自华南稻区的578个杂交稻新组合进行了稻瘟病抗性评价。结果表明,测试的杂交稻新组合对稻瘟病表现出不同的抗性水平,高感、感、中感、中抗、抗、高抗的组合所占比例分别为15.92%,8.30%,11.42%,25.78%,26.30%,12.28%,中抗以上组合数占64.36%,抗感组合比例为1.8∶1。对测试的杂交稻组合的不育系和恢复系亲本进行了分析,所配组合中组合比例抗病较高的不育系有吉丰A、安丰A、深97A、卓A、丰田1A、群A、恒丰A等,抗病组合比例较高的恢复系有粤恢9802、广恢736、P143、广恢618、航恢1173、中种恢2877、R6228、华占、闽恢3301、航恢1179、泰766等。 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献