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1.
取从发病铗鱼体内分离到的鲍氏不动杆菌（Ａｃｉｎｅｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｂａｕｍａｎｎｉｉ）ＭＦ１株，以ＨＥｐ－２细胞为指示细胞，用庆大霉素清洗裂解培养法和细胞超薄切片电镜观察，研究了ＭＦ１株对ＨＥｐ－２细胞的侵袭力，同时用庞大在霉素清洗裂解培养法比较了细菌在４、１０、２８、３７℃的侵袭力。结果明显，ＭＦ１株在２８、３７℃时侵袭ＨＥｐ－２细胞，侵袭率达０．２％，细菌入胞后能增殖。ＭＦ１株在侵袭ＨＥｐ－２  相似文献   

2.
为研究鸭源鸡杆菌(G.anatis)体外黏附和侵袭细胞的能力,选择HeLa细胞为感染模型,分别以细菌黏附和侵袭HeLa细胞数量为指标,借助革兰和姬姆萨染色及电镜观察来研究2株不同来源的鸭源鸡杆菌对HeLa细胞的黏附和侵袭特性。结果显示:黏附计数表明鸭源鸡杆菌Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG能高水平黏附HeLa细胞,菌株感染30、60、90、120、150min后每细胞黏附的细菌数分别为0.84、4.68、8.52、9.27、8.2个,而菌株F149T对HeLa细胞有较低的黏附作用。侵袭试验表明Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG有低度侵袭力,侵袭的细菌数在150min时达到最大,约8.27·1 000细胞-1,随后细胞破碎,细胞逐渐脱落,而菌株F149T未检测到侵袭力。染色及电镜试验进一步证实鸭源鸡杆菌Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG可黏附于HeLa细胞表面并侵入细胞内部。菌株经胰蛋白酶处理后,细菌的黏附率显著降低,表明细菌的表面蛋白参与黏附。黏附和入侵特性是鸭源鸡杆菌定殖在组织表面重要的能力,该细胞模型的建立为进一步研究其致病机制提供了条件。  相似文献   

3.
为研究人源福氏志贺菌对鸡肠上皮原代细胞侵袭力和侵袭特性,进一步验证人源志贺菌对鸡的致病性并建立体外研究模型,采用Hela细胞庆大霉素保护试验和免疫组织化学染色检测分离的人源福氏志贺菌ZD02株的毒力。然后采用细胞免疫组织化学染色研究ZD02株对鸡肠上皮细胞的侵袭力和相关侵袭特性。人源福氏志贺菌ZD02株能够侵入Hela细胞,庆大霉素保护试验结果显示,感染后30、60、90、120min时ZD02株侵袭率分别为1.43%、2.43%、2.56%、2.62%,证明ZD02株具有毒力。ZD02株侵袭鸡肠上皮原代细胞免疫组织化学检测结果显示,ZD02株能侵入鸡肠上皮细胞,感染后1、2、3、4h时ZD02株侵袭率分别为1.7%、6.2%、8.0%、11.2%。鸡肠上皮原代细胞经EGTA处理后,ZD02株侵袭率显著提高。人源福氏志贺菌ZD02株对鸡肠上皮细胞具有侵袭力,且从肠上皮细胞基底侧部侵袭。本研究进一步验证了志贺菌人禽互传的可能性,鸡肠上皮原代细胞可作为研究志贺菌致病机理的体外模型。  相似文献   

4.
为研究鸭源鸡杆菌对鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞的作用,分别以细菌黏附、侵袭试验及借助姬姆萨染色及扫描电镜观察2株不同来源的鸭源鸡杆菌对输卵管上皮细胞的黏附和侵袭特性。黏附计数表明鸭源鸡杆菌Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG能高水平黏附输卵管上皮细胞,而菌株F149T对输卵管上皮细胞有较低的黏附。庆大霉素保护试验结果显示2株菌对输卵管上皮细胞均无可见侵袭力。姬姆萨染色及扫描电镜试验进一步证明输卵管上皮细胞表面有细菌黏附,而内部未见有侵袭的细菌,但Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG株接种细胞90min后,细胞逐渐破碎脱落,而菌株F149T则未见明显细胞损伤。菌株经胰蛋白酶处理后,细菌的黏附率显著降低,表明细菌的表面蛋白参与黏附。ELISA法检测鸭源鸡杆菌感染输卵管上皮细胞后炎性细胞因子的变化,结果表明感染组的IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ的含量均高于对照组,且Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG感染的细胞所分泌的各细胞因子均高于F149T,提示炎性细胞因子的分泌可能改变局部的微环境,促进细菌在输卵管细胞表面增殖,是造成输卵管上皮细胞损伤的机制之一。  相似文献   

5.
为了构建牛布鲁菌S2308(简称S2308)的铁转录调控因子rirA基因突变株(S2308ΔrirA),探讨该基因对自身生长的影响以及其对不同类型细胞黏附侵袭和胞内繁殖的作用。利用同源重组和抗性替换的方法,以卡那抗性基因替换rirA基因,获得突变株S2308ΔrirA。将亲本株S2308、疫苗株RB51和突变株S2308ΔrirA在相同营养条件下培养,观察其振荡培养时的生长变化趋势和静置培养时的聚集状态。将各菌株侵染人胚胎滋养层细胞(HPT-8)和小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.7),分别检测其黏附侵袭能力和胞内生存能力。结果显示,成功获得了布鲁菌rirA基因突变株且10代内未发生回复性突变;与亲本株相比,S2308ΔrirA在相同体外培养条件下其生长趋势未发生明显改变,且其凝集状态与亲本株类似;黏附侵袭试验显示,S2308ΔrirA对HPT-8细胞的黏附侵袭能力显著强于亲本株,而其对RAW264.7的黏附侵袭能力在一定程度上弱于亲本株;布鲁菌胞内生存试验发现,布鲁菌侵染HPT-8细胞24h后,其胞内细菌数量显著升高,而侵染巨噬细胞24h后,S2308ΔrirA的繁殖能力明显低于亲本株。这些结果表明,铁转录调控因子rirA基因参与了布鲁菌胞内寄生的过程,并与菌株的毒力强弱存在密切联系。  相似文献   

6.
噬菌蛭弧菌为一类杆形、弧形或螺旋形的革兰阴性菌,可以寄生并裂解其他细菌。本试验以禽源大肠杆菌、沙门菌以及环境水体中分离的1株大肠杆菌为宿主菌,采用双层琼脂培养法成功地从环境水体中分离到3株噬菌蛭弧菌,分别命名为BDD、BDE、BDH。电镜观察证明菌体大小约0.33μm×0.78μm,单个弧形,一端有一根长鞭毛。基因序列分析表明,分离株与已发表的噬菌蛭弧菌属其他菌株16S rRNA基因序列的同源范围分别为96.0%~99.9%。通过对不同细菌的裂解试验证明,3个分离株对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、摩根摩根氏菌、变形杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌等均具有裂解作用,但对铜绿假单胞菌、鸭疫里默氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌不敏感。  相似文献   

7.
对发酵黄芪样品中分离的1株产纤维素酶解淀粉芽胞杆菌的生物学特性进行了检测,试验结果表明,菌株在10℃~60℃环境均能生长,最适生长温度为35℃~40℃。pH5.0~8.0培养基均适宜菌株生长,其中最适pH为6.0。在37℃环境200r/min振荡培养的生长曲线在0~4h为延迟期,4h~12h为对数期,12h~24h为稳定期,24h以后为衰亡期。细菌37℃培养32h开始产生芽胞,在培养72h时芽胞形成率达到80.67%。菌株对多数抗菌药物敏感,且安全性良好。该菌株适应性强,生长条件较为宽松,这为其开发应用提供了依据。  相似文献   

8.
奶牛乳汁中细菌的分离鉴定与药物敏感性试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对南京市某奶牛场19头奶牛抽取乳汁进行细菌分离鉴定。其中,健康奶牛9头,患显性乳房炎奶牛6头,患隐性乳房炎奶牛4头。共分离鉴定出蜡状芽胞杆菌1株、克雷伯菌属细菌1株、肠杆菌属细菌2株、葡萄球菌属细菌12株。对分离出的16株细菌采用药敏纸片法进行常用抗生素的药物敏感性试验。结果表明,分离菌中的蜡状芽孢杆菌对庆大霉素、氯霉素、复方新诺明、呋喃妥因、链霉素和红霉素均较为敏感,克雷伯菌仅对氯霉素较敏感,肠杆菌仅对庆大霉素敏感,葡萄球菌则对青霉素、氯霉素、红霉素较为敏感。  相似文献   

9.
张晓梅 《饲料工业》2012,33(5):26-30
为了解鲜牛奶中细菌的分布情况及其对抗生素的敏感状况,实验对30份采自河北张家口地区某养殖场的新鲜无菌牛奶进行细菌分离鉴定,并分别用青霉素(16μg/ml)、氯霉素(32μg/ml)、克林霉素(4μg/ml)、红霉素(8μg/ml)、四环素(16μg/ml)、庆大霉素(16μg/ml)、环丙沙星(4μg/ml)、头孢噻吩(32μg/m)l进行药敏实验。结果显示30份牛奶样品中共分离得到111株菌,分别为葡萄球菌31株、沙雷氏菌14株、假单胞菌12株、芽孢杆菌11株、肠杆菌5株、不动杆菌4株、奇异变形杆菌3株、微球菌3株、巨球菌3株、肠球菌4株、其它菌21株。其中耐青霉素16μg/ml的为50株,耐氯霉素32μg/ml的为23株,耐克林霉素4μg/ml的为46株,耐红霉素8μg/ml的为37株,耐四环素16μg/ml的为38株,耐庆大霉素16μg/ml的是7株,耐环丙沙星4μg/ml的为8株,耐头孢噻吩32μg/ml的为40株。通过实验可知,细菌类型主要有葡萄球菌、沙雷氏菌、假单胞菌等;8种抗生素中,庆大霉素、环丙沙星、氯霉素的抑菌效果较好,而青霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、四环素、头孢噻吩的抑菌效果相对较差。  相似文献   

10.
14株苏云金芽孢杆菌经培养提取伴胞晶体蛋白并测定其蛋白含量。感染性蛔虫卵经胃感染小鼠 ,3d后宰杀并从小鼠肝脏内分离蛔虫第 3期幼虫 (L 3)。设置空白对照 ,将不同剂量的 Bt伴胞晶体蛋白与 L 3置于培养孔在 37℃的二氧化碳培养箱中 (含 5 % CO2 )培养 ,间隔 12 h检查幼虫活性 ,计算死亡率、校正死亡率及半数致死量。L D50 随着作用时间的延长而逐渐减小。14株细菌伴胞晶体蛋白对 L 3的毒力差异很大。 0 17株对 L 3的杀虫作用快速而持久、毒力最强 ,其 L D50 是所有 14个菌株中最小的 ,作用 12、2 4和 36 h时分别为 1.135 7、0 .2 32 2和 0 .15 32 g/ L。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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