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于2005-2007年夏季采集闽东沿岸生态监控区68个经济水产品样品,用气相色谱法测定其中的六六六(BHCs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)的残留量,并对其残留水平、分布趋势和组成特征,以及污染现状、食用安全和人体健康风险进行探讨与评价。结果表明:贝类、虾类、蟹类和鱼类的BHCs的残留范围分别为未检出~1.53 μg/kg、未检出~0.830 μg/kg、未检出~1.21 μg/kg、未检出~4.02 μg/kg(湿重),DDTs的残留范围分别为0.184~66.9 μg/kg、未检出~2.87 μg/kg、8.04~126 μg/kg、0.891~310 μg/kg(湿重)。BHCs污染指数均小于0.5,未受到BHCs的污染;71.2%的样品DDTs的污染指数在0.581~31.0之间,不同程度受到DDTs的污染。与国内外其它海域相比,闽东沿岸生态监控区经济水产品中BHCs残留量处于较低水平,而DDTs残留量处于国内邻近海域中等水平、亚太等国外海域较高水平。贝类和鱼类的p,p′-DDT的含量较高,p,p′-DDT/DDTs平均含量比分别为43.8%和49.1%,推测有新的DDTs类污染物输入。闽东沿岸生态监控区经济水产品中BHCs、DDTs的残留量符合我国的无公害水产品质量安全标准,低于欧盟、美国、日本的食品安全限量;参照美国环保局(US EPA,2000)推荐的危害参考剂量RfD和可疑化学物质致癌斜率因子的接触风险指数ERI和致癌风险指数CRI分析表明,闽东沿岸生态监控区经济水产品消费引起的BHCs、DDTs的接触风险和潜在致癌风险均为可接受风险。 相似文献
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浙江沿海海洋水产动物的多氯联苯检测分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对浙江沿海5个地区的贝类、虾类和鱼类等水产动物体内的多氯联苯进行GC-MS检测分析,研究多氯联苯各单体在不同生物体内的分布特征、影响因素和积累分布规律。结果表明：浙江沿海海域生物多氯联苯检出率为100%,ω(PCBs)为0.12～9.40μg/kg,低于国家标准限量。其中,贝类中ω(PCBs)为0.83 ~10.52 ng/g,平均值为4.20ng/g;虾类ω(PCBs)为0.43~2.18ng/g,平均值为1.27ng/g;鱼类中ω(PCBs)为0.50～2.63ng/g。平均值为1.61ng/g。总体看不同种类海洋生物PCBs含量贝类>鱼类>虾类。从地区分布来看三门地区海产品中PCBs含量最高,玉环、椒江次之,宁海最低。甲壳类样品的PCBs检出以六氯联苯(PCB138)为主,鱼类样品的PCBs检出以五氯联苯(PCB118)为主,表现出水生生物对高氯联苯富集量高于低氯联苯富集量的共同点。而在各类动物中PCBs检出量最高的样品,如缢蛏、僧帽牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔,都表现出了对于四氯联苯（PCB52）的强富集能力。 相似文献
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汉江下游水体和鱼体多环芳烃分布特征及健康风险 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究汉江下游水体及鱼体多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,进行健康风险评价,为汉江下游PAHs污染防治提供基础资料。在汉江下游8个代表性水厂取水口采集水样及在相应江段渔获物中选取7种典型鱼,利用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定水样及鱼肌肉中16种优控多环芳烃的含量,并用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型进行健康风险评价。8个采样断面水体中Nap、Ace、Phe、An、Ba A、Bk F检出率为100%,Bb F、In D等均未检出,其他多环芳烃检出率分别为Fle 50%、Acy 25%、Flu 62.5%、Pyr 25%、Chr 25%、Ba P 75%、Dah A 12.5%、Bghi P25%。汉江下游水体中16种PAHs总含量平均值为100.67 ng/L,最小值为65.8 ng/L,最大值为155.94 ng/L。结构组成主要以低环为主(70.4%),中环其次(22.2%),高环最低(7.4%)。7种鱼体内16种优控PAHs的含量范围为(43.42±0.50)~(113.06±3.57)ng/g,平均组成低环、中环、高环PAHs分别占总PAHs的57.9%、20.2%、21.9%。高环在鱼体内比例显著高于在水体中,表明高环PAHs在鱼体内的富集能力更强。饮用水健康风险估算总量为2.25×10~(-8)~5.32×10~(-8)/a,总体水平为风险不明显;7种鱼食用的PAHs健康风险估算范围为8.00×10~(-7)~2.08×10~(-6)/a,总体评价为可接受水平,均低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.0×10~(-5)/a,部分鱼食用的人体健康风险值高于USEPA建议的可接受风险1.0×10~(-6)/a。 相似文献
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珠江口伶仃洋水域沉积物中多环芳烃及其生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究珠江口伶仃洋水域沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征、来源及评价PAHs对海洋生物的生态风险,于2010年6月采集珠江口伶仃洋水域20个站位的表层沉积物,采用GC-MS分析方法对沉积物中的16种PAHs含量进行分析测定。研究结果表明:珠江口伶仃洋水域沉积物中16种多环芳烃总含量范围是143.90~522.67 ng/g,平均含量287.05 ng/g,与国内外发达地区相比,该水域沉积物中PAHs污染处于中等水平。本实验采用目前较为常用的比值法(如荧蒽/芘、芘/苯并(a)芘)对调查区域沉积物中的PAHs来源进行分析研究,结果表明,大部分站位沉积物中的PAHs可能主要来源于石油污染,仅一小部分站位PAHs来源于煤等化石燃料的燃烧。利用效应区间低中值法评价珠江口伶仃洋水域沉积物中PAHs的生态风险,结果表明,在所设的20个站位中,有3个站位处的沉积物中的苊和芴对生物可能具有一定的生态风险,而其他站位沉积物中所有PAHs的含量均未达到生态风险评价标准,可以确定该水域沉积物中PAHs对生物具有潜在生态风险的可能性很小;有9个站位处的沉积物中的茚并(1,2,3-c,d)芘对生物可能存在生态风险;利用平均效应中值商法评价PAHs对珠江口伶仃洋水域的生态风险,认为所有站位处PAHs对生物体的潜在的综合生态风险的可能性较小。 相似文献
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为探究广东江门海域游泳动物种类组成、资源密度、优势种和多样性及其变化趋势,于2016年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对该海域进行了4个航次的拖网数据调查。结果显示,江门海域共发现游泳动物132种,隶属17目60科,其中鱼类94种,甲壳类31种,头足类7种。各季节渔获种类数差异较小,渔获物中以鱼类占绝对优势,其次为甲壳类和头足类。游泳动物全年的平均资源密度为291.61 kg·km~(–2),其中秋季最高(484.67 kg·km~(–2)),夏季最低(76.76 kg·km~(–2))。相对重要性指数(IRI)表明,该海域主要优势种为康氏小公鱼(Stolephorus commersoni)、周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus)和裘氏小沙丁鱼(Sardinella jussieu)等(IRI1 000),其中康氏小公鱼为全年优势种。物种丰富度指数(D)变化范围为2.325~3.029,均匀度指数(J')变化范围为0.500~0.708,多样性指数(H')变化范围为1.201~3.032。分析表明,该海域渔获物以小型鱼类为主,个体小型化明显,甲壳类优势种类单一,与周边海域对比,江门海域多样性处于中等水平。 相似文献
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福建省海水贝类养殖区表层沉积物及贝类滴滴涕的残留与风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了评估福建省海水贝类养殖区滴滴涕(DDTs)的残留水平和风险,于2005年8月和2006年8月,采集养殖区20个站位的表层沉积物样品20个、养殖贝类样品46个,用气相色谱法测定其中DDTs的残留量,并对其残留水平、分布趋势和组成特征进行分析,以期对该地区污染状况、生态风险及贝类食用安全进行探讨与评价。结果表明,福建省贝类养殖区表层沉积物DDTs含量范围为1.93～56.6μg/kg(干重),平均值15.8μg/kg;40%的样品DDTs的污染指数在0.697～2.83之间,不同程度受到DDTs的污染,提示存在一定的潜在生态风险。养殖贝类DDTs含量范围为2.04～107μg/kg(湿重),平均21.7μg/kg;贝体DDT残留量符合中国无公害水产品质量安全标准,低于欧盟、美国、日本的食品安全限量;以每人50 g/d的摄食量估算,沿海居民食用养殖贝类的DDTs暴露量远低于WHO暂定的TDI值、美国EPA推荐的RfD值,由此引起的健康风险小。与国内邻近海域相比较,福建省贝类养殖区表层沉积物和养殖贝类体中DDTs残留量处于中等水平,与亚太等国外海域相比较,处于较高水平;从DDTs的组成特征推测,调查区部分海域有新的DDTs污染源输入。 相似文献
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基于2012年5、8和10月对唐山湾海域进行底拖网渔业资源调查的资料,采用相对重要性指数、多样性指数及群落ABC曲线等分析方法,对3个季节渔业资源现状及群落多样性进行研究。结果显示:渔获物中共有海洋动物59种,其中鱼类27种,甲壳类17种,贝类7种,棘皮动物4种,头足类3种,多毛类1种;春季捕获35种渔获物,夏季36种,秋季37种;春季平均渔获率(质量)为3.50 kg/h,夏季为13.68 kg/h,秋季为16.99 kg/h。研究表明:(1)渔获率及其组成季节差异明显。在生物量上,春季以头足类为主,鱼类与甲壳类次之;夏季甲壳类为主,鱼类次之;秋季鱼类为主,甲壳类次之。(2)渔获率空间分布季节变化明显,春季浅水区较深水区渔获率高,夏季深水区较浅水区高。(3)优势种季节变化不明显。(4)春季H'高于夏、秋季,深水区总体高于近岸浅水区。(5)ABC曲线分析可知,群落受到严重干扰。 相似文献
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为探讨浙江南部近海常见海洋生物脂肪酸的特点, 采集 31 种海洋生物, 包括海鱼类 20 种, 甲壳类 9 种, 头足类 2 种, 每种 3 份样品, 共 93 个样本, 采用 Folch 法提取脂肪酸, 以气相色谱-质谱法测定其脂肪酸构成及含量。 分析不同海洋生物间总脂(TFA)、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-6 系列多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFA)、n-3 系列多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)、二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6n3, DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(C20:5n3, EPA)含量的差异。结果显示, 海鱼类、甲壳类和头足类总脂含量范围分别为 18.74~153.90, 24.65~62.81, 37.23~92.18 mg/g; DHA+EPA 含量范围分别为 4.32~38.31, 7.22~22.86, 12.48~49.61 mg/g。浙江南部近海 31 种海洋生物的 n-3 PUFA、EPA 和 DHA 含量均与总脂含量呈正相关(P<0.01), 主要脂肪酸构成具有种属差异, PUFA 和 n-3 PUFA 百分含量与物种食性有关, 摄食浮游植物、底栖藻类的物种高于摄食鱼类等游泳动物的物种。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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