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旨在探究江苏地区荷斯坦牛体细胞数变化模式的影响因素。本研究通过对江苏地区12个奶牛场2017—2019年荷斯坦牛253 706条DHI测定日SCC记录进行分析，在划分9种SCC变化模式基础上，利用最小二乘法探究不同牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305天产奶量对荷斯坦牛SCC变化模式的影响。结果表明，SCC模式在各因素不同水平间分布均有极显著差异（P<0.01）。其中，较低-维持模式在5 000头以上的牧场比例最高，较低-感染模式的比例最低；感染-维持模式在1 000头以下的牧场比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低。较低-维持模式在1胎牛的比例最高，感染-痊愈模式的比例最低；较低-感染模式在5胎牛的比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低。较低-感染模式在春季产犊时奶牛的比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低；易感-降低模式在夏季产犊时奶牛的比例最高，较低-感染模式的比例最低。较低-感染模式在产犊间隔为441 d以上的奶牛比例最高，较低-感染模式在产犊间隔为300~400 d的奶牛比例最低。较低-感染模式在305天产奶量为3 000~5 000 kg的奶牛比例最高；较低-维持模式在305天产奶量为9 001~11 000 kg的奶牛比例最高，感染-痊愈模式的比例最低。上述结果表明，不同牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305天产奶量对荷斯坦牛SCC变化模式的分布均有一定影响，该结果为荷斯坦牛隐性乳房炎的预测提供了参考。 相似文献
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冰川棘豆生物碱分析及苦马豆素的分离、鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
冰川棘豆干粉,经甲醇提取,盐酸酸化,酸水液用氯仿萃取数次,NaOH调pH至9～10,依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取.称重表明生物碱多集中在正丁醇组分,且以大极性生物碱为主.薄层层析检查结果显示,氯仿组分有10种生物碱,乙酸乙酯组分有7种生物碱,正丁醇组分有5种生物碱.将正丁醇组分经硅胶柱层析,乙酸乙酯一甲醇系统梯度洗脱,每30～50 mL收集1份,薄层层析监测,同类合并.Ehrlich＇s试剂显色明显段油浴升华,得到白色针状结晶,与苦马豆素标准样品进行薄层层析对照,其斑点形状、颜色相同,Rf值相近.通过熔点和IR、MS、^1HNMR、^13CNMR等鉴定其化学结构,为苦马豆素. 相似文献
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在低磷地区以分组对比的试验方法 ,用不同含磷量的牧草在同等条件下喂饲两组低磷奶牛 ,定期采样分析 ,对各组奶牛血钙、血磷、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH- Px)、丙二醛 (MDA)及牧草、土壤中磷含量、喂饲后奶牛生产性能等进行测定和观察。结果表明 :(1)在预试验期 ,对牧草施撒磷肥 ,收获后 ,土壤和牧草二者含磷量均明显提高。在其后的几年间再次测定该两项指标仍处于较高水平 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,后效应明显。 (2 )对低磷奶牛喂饲富磷牧草后 ,其血清磷由1.0 2 mm ol/ L提高到 2 .0 5 m mol/ L,两组差异极显著。 (3)对照组与试验组随着喂饲时间的延长 ,血清中抗氧化指标变化明显 ,试验组抗氧化能力增强 ,SOD、GSH- Px活性增强 ;MDA含量降低。(4)从对奶牛生产性能的测定看出 ,试验组生产性能有较大幅度地提高。 相似文献
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LIANG Yan ZHANG Qiang GAO Qisong WANG Haiyang GUO Mengling LI Mingxun ZHANG Huimin YANG Zhangping CHEN Zhi MAO Yongjiang 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(12):3023-3032
The objective of this study was to explore the influence factors of SCC change pattern of Holstein cows in Jiangsu. Based on the division of 9 SCC change patterns, 253 706 DHI records of Holstein cows from 2017 to 2019 in 12 dairy farms in Jiangsu province were analyzed, and the least squares model was used to explore the influence of different farm size, parities, calving seasons, calving intervals, and 305-days milk production on SCC change pattern. The results showed that the distribution of SCC patterns at different levels of each factor was significantly different (P<0.01). Among them, the percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and lower to infection pattern was the lowest for cows in farm with more than 5 000 cows. The percentage of infected to maintain pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lowest for cows in farm with less than 1 000 cows. The percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and infected to healed pattern was the lowest for cows with parity 1. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lower for cows with parity 5. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lowest for cows calving in spring. The percentage of susceptible to reduce pattern was the highest, lower to infection pattern was the lowest for cows calving in summer. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest for cows with calving interval more than 441 d, and lowest for cows with calving interval with 300-400 d. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest for cows with 305-days milk production of 3 000-5 000 kg. The percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and infected to healed pattern was the lowest for cows with 305-days milk production was 9 001-11 000 kg. The results indicate that different farm sizes, parities, calving seasons, calving interval, and levels with 305-days milk production have certain influences on the distribution of the SCC change patterns in Holstein cows. The results provide references for the prediction of subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows. 相似文献
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根据猪瘟病毒（CSFV）E2基因序列,设计41条针对CSFV 3个基因群共10个亚群各亚群寡核苷酸探针。利用欧盟猪瘟诊断手册推荐的CSFV E2基因套式RT-PCR方法,在内套PCR过程中进行Cy3-dCTP掺入荧光标记,制备芯片杂交样品。用标记的PCR产物与寡核苷酸探针阵列杂交,置于GenePix 4100A扫描仪中扫描,利用Ge-nePix Pro 6.0软件分析杂交图像。特异性和灵敏度试验显示,芯片方法与本室发表的CSFV real-time RT-PCR方法的灵敏度相近,芯片探针与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪2型圆环病毒（PCV2）、猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）样品无非特异性杂交。以包括1.1、2.1、2.2、2.3亚群的8份CSF阳性样品进行芯片的检测验证,结果表明,通过特异性的杂交图谱或杂交信号分析可准确判定样品所属的基因亚群,寡核苷酸芯片的检测结果与测序的分型结果全部符合。本研究为将寡核苷酸芯片技术用于猪瘟病毒的基因分型和分子流行病学研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Characterization of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and their use in the study of the antigenic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
A panel of 40 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was produced, and each MAb was characterized and grouped according to its viral protein specificity, immunoglobulin subclass, virus-neutralizing activity, and immunoreactivity with a large collection of BVDV isolates. The MAb were found to be specific for 1 of 3 sets of related viral-induced proteins found in cells infected with the Singer strain of BVDV. Group-1 MAb were specific for the 80- and 118-kilodalton (kD) proteins of BVDV. Group-2 MAb recognized 3 proteins with molecular sizes of 54, 56, and 58 kD. Group-3 MAb recognized a 43- and a 65-kD protein. The MAb belonged to either the IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 subclasses or the IgE class of mouse immunoglobulin. All MAb in group 2 were able to neutralize BVDV and had neutralization titers that ranged from 24 to 1,600,000. The reactivity of the MAb with numerous field isolates of BVDV was highly variable. Both cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes of BVDV were examined and had the same degree of antigenic variation. The greatest degree of variation was detected with group-2 MAb. The data demonstrate that BVDV isolates have a high degree of antigenic variation that is largely confined to the envelope glycoproteins associated with virus neutralization. The results also suggest that antigenic variability of this virus is important in the development and severity of the disease it causes. 相似文献
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高寒草甸植物正构烷烃特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究高寒草甸植物正构烷烃分布特征,对采自黄河源区高寒草甸的58种植物进行了测定和分析。结果表明,单种植物中正构烷烃的碳数在C8和C40之间,含量分布范围为0.81~22.88 mg/kg,其中碳数为C27、C29、C31、C33正构烷烃的含量均较高;总正构烷烃(Ctotal)含量变化范围为35.00~78.64 mg/kg,长链正构烷烃(C25-36)含量范围为16.11~58.68 mg/kg,条叶垂头菊中总正构烷烃和长链正构烷烃含量最小,而阿尔泰狗娃花含量最大。58种植物中含量最高的正构烷烃(Cmax)分布特征为:C19有1种,C22有2种,C27有2种,C29有23种,C31有27种,C32有1种,C33有2种。植物中正构烷烃总正构烷烃碳优势指数(CPItotal)范围为1.07~4.32,CPI25-36范围为1.12~8.20,总的正构烷烃平均碳链长度(ACLtotal)范围为23.52~27.22,ACL27-33范围为28.03~31.07,蜡质指数(Pwax)变化范围为0.60~0.92。植物中长链正构烷烃丰富,奇数碳含量分布优势明显。 相似文献
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将口蹄疫病毒免疫串联片段FA克隆至原核表达载体pBAD/TOPO中,经鉴定后得到重组质粒pBAD-FA,将此重组质粒转化到受体菌TOP10中,用诱导剂阿拉伯醛糖分别以不同的浓度进行诱导,并在不同诱导时间进行采样,经处理后做SDS-PAGE、Westem blot分析.结果发现以终浓度为O.002%的阿拉伯醛糖进行诱导,4 h后表达可达到高峰,其大小约为23 kD,软件扫描结果显示,FB融合蛋白的表达量占细菌总蛋白的29.3%,能与抗FMDV抗体发生特异性反应,融合蛋白以包涵体和可溶形式存在.将融合蛋白的可溶性组分用50%Ni-NTA树脂过柱纯化并抽提融合蛋白的包涵体,经过洗涤后分别制成油乳剂疫苗,经皮下注射免疫豚鼠,用乳鼠中和试验测定豚鼠血清中和指数,并用口蹄疫病毒对豚鼠进行攻毒.结果表明,用此融合蛋白可溶部分的纯化产物和包涵体免疫豚鼠能诱导产生高滴度的中和抗体,对病毒的攻击分别提供100%和75%的免疫保护. 相似文献
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A range of clinical parameters were studied to assess their usefulness as objective markers of the severity of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Cows with moderate clinical mastitis had significantly higher rectal temperatures and heart and respiratory rates than cows with mild clinical mastitis or control cows. The difference in temperature between quarters did not vary significantly between the control cows and the cows with mastitis, but there was a larger difference between quarter temperatures in the cows with moderate mastitis than in the cows with mild mastitis or the control cows. The hock-to-hock distance in the control cows was significantly smaller than in the cows with mild to moderate mastitis, but there was no significant difference in the distance either between the cows with mild mastitis and those with moderate mastitis, or between the cows with mastitis in the front quarters and those with mastitis in the hind quarters. The mechanical threshold to pain of the cows with mild and moderate mastitis was significantly lower than that of the control cows. 相似文献
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18个三叶草品种耐热性综合评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对18个三叶草品种耐热性进行了比较,并结合芽期和成苗试验,综合评价了各品种的耐热性强弱。结果表明：发芽率、发芽指数随温度的升高而降低,在40 ℃时种子不发芽;叶片灼伤率、植株存活率和叶片相对含水量在各品种之间差异较大。对耐热性综合评价表明,18个品种中特特里红三叶属强耐热品种;新西兰白三叶耐热性较强;海法白三叶、胡依阿白三叶、G18白三叶、戈伦红三叶、雷托白三叶、巴东红三叶、帕韦拉红三叶、鄂牧1号白三叶、罗汤地红三叶、新西兰杂三叶、2-2-1杂三叶为中等耐热品种;克劳白三叶、皮陶白三叶、奥罗拉杂三叶和蒂特拉杂三叶品种耐热性较弱,耐热性最弱的是路易斯安娜白三叶。建议在长江流域及长江以南地区选择耐热性较强的几个品种进行推广示范。 相似文献
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Lead II electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in 88 dogs ranging in weight from 3 to 50 kg. A commercial direct-writing electrocardiograph was used to record the ECGs, first with manual HUM filter (notch filter at 50/60 Hz) and EMG filter (cut-off frequency of -3 dB at 35 Hz) on, immediately followed by a recording with both filters off. The mean (sd) reduction in R-amplitude with the filters on was 53(18) per cent with a range from 22 to 100 per cent and a median value of 51 per cent. The R-amplitude with the filters off was related to the R-amplitude with the filters on, making it possible to correct for the effect of the filters. The reduction in R-amplitude was inversely correlated with the weight of the dog and with the duration of the QRS-complex. Other known changes induced by filters, such as the elimination of notches and the slurring of the junction between the QRS-complex and the ST-interval were also observed. The inverse relationship between the weight of the dog and the magnitude of the reduction in R-amplitude by the filters indicates that ECG machines with different characteristics should ideally be used to record ECGs in dogs of different sizes. 相似文献
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Growth curve analysis is an important issue for many agricultural and laboratory species, for both phenotypic and genetic studies. The aim of this paper is to present the use of a novel statistical approach, namely the structured antedependence (SAD) models, to deal with this issue. The basic idea of these models is that an observation at time t can be explained by the previous observations. These models are especially appropriate to deal with cumulative traits such as growth, as BW at age t clearly depends on BW measures at ages (t -1), (t -2), etc. These models were applied on an INRA experimental Charolais herd data set. The data comprised BW records for 560 cows born over an 11-yr period (from 1988 to 1998) from 60 sires and 369 dams. The proposed SAD models were compared with the well-known random regression (RR) models that are already widely used in various areas of longitudinal data analysis. It was found that the SAD models fit the growth process better with far fewer parameters than the RR models (9 instead of 16 covariance parameters for the phenotypic analysis, and 14 instead of 21 for the genetic analysis). Despite this smaller number of covariance parameters, the likelihood value was found to be much higher with the SAD vs. the RR models, with a difference of 262.9 for the phenotypic analysis with a quartic polynomial for the RR and 751.5 for the genetic analysis with a cubic polynomial for both the genetic and environmental parts of the RR model. The SAD models also proved to be better able to interpolate missing values. Heritability, genetic, and environmental correlation coefficients were estimated for weights from birth to adulthood. The structured antedependence models proved, in this study, to be very appropriate to model growth data in a parsimonious and flexible way. 相似文献
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Comparison of the clinical utility of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine combinations for the ovariectomy of cats 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A controlled trial was conducted to assess suitability of combinations of medetomidine and ketamine for the ovariectomy of cats, to investigate the possible side effects, and to compare medetomidine/ketamine with a combination of xylazine and ketamine. Three hundred and thirty-seven cats were submitted to surgery; 100 were anaesthetised with 80 micrograms/kg medetomidine and 5 mg/kg ketamine, 137 with 80 micrograms/kg medetomidine and 7.5 mg/kg ketamine, and 100 were anaesthetised with 1 mg/kg xylazine and 10 mg/kg ketamine. The combinations were injected intramuscularly in the same syringe. The anaesthesia provided by the medetomidine/ketamine combinations was characterised by good muscle relaxation, good analgesia and minimal side effects. The only difference between the two doses of ketamine was the length of the period of anaesthesia. The advantages of the medetomidine/ketamine combination in comparison with xylazine/ketamine were the need for a lower dose of ketamine, a longer duration of action and better analgesia. Similar side effects were observed with both medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine combinations. 相似文献
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Effects of standard and variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus on infections of chickens
T-cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were measured in chickens infected with standard and variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus. One-day-old and 3-week-old chickens were infected with these viruses and then given sheep RBC, killed Brucella abortus strain 19, and Newcastle disease virus. Appropriate serologic tests were used to monitor the primary and secondary responses to the antigens. Lymphoblast transformation assays were performed weekly. The response to the infectious bursal disease virus was determined by virus neutralization tests, microscopic examination of bursas, and bursal to body weight ratios. One-day-old chickens had T-cell-mediated and humoral immune suppression with both strains of virus, compared with controls. The lymphoblast transformation responses indicated that the variant strain was significantly (P less than 0.05) more suppressive than the standard strain. Three-week-old chickens had humoral immune suppression with the standard strain, but not with the variant strain. The lymphoblast transformation response was transiently suppressed at this age by the variant strain only. During the first week of infection, 1-day-old and 3-week-old chickens had lower neutralizing antibody titers to the variant strain than to the standard strain. 相似文献
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Z H Zhang 《Veterinary parasitology》1987,23(1-2):11-21
Calves were experimentally infected with Theileria annulata and five drugs were administered in an attempt to exterminate the gametocytes of the parasite. The results of the experiment proved that primaquin phosphate is an effective parasiticide. The gametocytes from 30 calves treated with primaquin phosphate were exterminated completely. A further eight calves were treated with sulfamethoxypyrazine, trimethoprim, naganin and acaprin, but these drugs were not found to be effective in eliminating the gametocytes. The phase, size and colour of the gametocytes in these calves were the same as those of the four untreated control calves. 相似文献
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设计一对特异性引物扩增出鸭肠炎病毒(DEV)核衣壳蛋白(NP)基因,并将其定向插入到原核表达载体pET32a上,构建了NP基因的原核表达载体pET-NP;将重组载体pET-NP转化表达宿主菌BL21后,经SDS-PAGE分离后行Western blot显示,获得的表达产物具有良好的免疫原性;应用His.Bind亲和层析柱纯化重组NP蛋白,并以此作为包被抗原,初步建立了检测鸭肠炎病毒抗体的iNP-ELISA;经方阵滴定确定,重组蛋白抗原的最佳包被浓度为5.0μg/L,血清最佳稀释度为1∶80,阳性判定标准为:待检血清OD405值≥1.2,且待检血清OD405和阴性血清OD405的比值≥2.0;应用iNP-ELISA对450份鸭血清样本进行检测,结果iNP-ELISA与全病毒包被的iDEV-ELISA符合率达90.9%。 相似文献
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J Pilaszek M Truszczyński 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1988,11(3-4):177-180
The purpose of this work was to define more precisely the role of Ureaplasma organisms in the aetiology of granular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis (GVVBP) of cattle. To contribute to this question the frequency and degree of infection with Ureaplasmas in two main groups of cattle was taken into account: (a) in cattle with symptoms of the mentioned disease, (b) in cattle without clinical symptoms. The samples of semen from 301 sires with symptoms of GVVBP and from 43 healthy sires as also vaginal mucus swabs from 96 cows with GVVBP and from 40 cows mated by the sire infected with Ureaplasma organisms and from 50 cows inseminated with semen which contained Ureaplasma organisms were taken for bacteriological examinations. The control group in relation to the above mentioned cows constituted of 22 heifers free from symptoms of GVVBP and neither inseminated nor mated naturally. It has been shown that on an average 78.1% of sires with pathological changes in the mucosa of the penis or prepuce and only 25.6% of healthy sires were infected with Ureaplasma organisms. The concentration of Ureaplasma organisms was also significantly higher in material obtained from sires with symptoms of the disease than in that from healthy animals. Ureaplasma organisms were demonstrated more frequently (72.7%) in cows with GVVBP than in cows without these symptoms (13.3%). Similarly, as in the material obtained from sires, in the material taken from cows with symptoms of the disease the concentration of Ureaplasma organisms was significantly higher than that in the material originating from the healthy cows. The obtained findings may indicate that Ureaplasma organisms play a role in the aetiology of GVVBP. 相似文献